MBL/WHOI LIBRARY ru r- m i r-= D m D n^**~^0\s\*^A SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES, OR PEARLY FRESH-WATER MUSSELS. BY CHARLES TORREY SIMPSO Aid, Division of MollusJcs. From the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. XXII, pages oftl-1044 (with Plate XVIII). [No. 1205.] ' WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1900. To THE MEMORY OK DOCTOR ISAAC LEA, WHO, GIVING THE BEST YEARS OF HIS LIFE TO THE STUDY OF THE NAIADES, CLEARLY RECORDED AND SUMPTUOUSLY ILLUSTRATED HIS RESEARCHES UPON THEM, AND GAVE TO THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM THE UNRIVALED COL- LECTION THE STUDY OF WHICH HAS MADE POSSIBLE THE PREPARATION OF THE PRESENT WORK; AND TO MRS. FRANCES LEA CHAMBERLAIN AND THE REVEREND DOCTOR LEANDER T. CHAMBERLAIN, THROUGH WHOSE GENEROSITY THE PREEMINENCE OF THE COLLEC- TION HAS BEEN MAINTAINED AND THE LITERATURE GATHERED FOR MONOGRAPHIC STUDY, THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 501 Sketch of different classifications 501 Anatomy of the Naiades 503 Shell characters 504 Geographical provinces 504 Map of the Naiad provinces 505 Number of genera and species 505 Beak sculpture 507 Past history of the Naiades 507 Mutelidse 512 X The work of Rafinesque 512 The work of Lamarck 513 The so-called "New School" 513 Synopsis of the genera of Naiades 514 Synopsis of the Naiades 516 Family Uniohidse 516 Subfamily Unioninae 516 Heterogeuse 516 Genus Truncilla 516 Micromya 524 Lampsilis 526 Pseudospatha 577 Hyriopsis 578 Chamberlainia 582 Cristaria 583 Lepidodesma 586 Pilsbryoconcha 587 Medionidus 588 Nephronaias 591 Glebula 597 Obovaria 599 Plagiola 603 Digen* 607 Tritogonia 607 Mesogeu;c 609 Cyprogenia 609 Obliquaria 610 Ptychogeme 612 Ptychobranchus 612 Eschatigense 614 v VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Synopsis of the Naiades Continued. Page. Family Uniouida* Continued. Subfamily Unioninie Continued. Eschatigeme Continued. Genus Dromus 614 Diagemu 615 Strophitus 615 Homogena> 620 Anodonta 620 Colletopterum 649 Gabillotia 649 Leguininaia 651 Lastena 654 Solenaia 655 Gonidea 657 Anodontoides 658 Pegias 660 Arcidens 661 Sy uiphynota 662 Alasmidouta 666 Hemilastena 673 Margaritana 674 Unio 679 Pleurobema 745 Tetrageuaa 765 Quadrula 765 Schistodesruus 803 Gibbosula 804 Cuneopsis 804 Subfamily Hyrianae 806 Rosanorhamphus 806 Genus Nodularia 806 Harmaudia 827 Grandidieria 827 Physunio 830 Dalliella 832 Pseudodon 834 Parreysia 840 Ptychorhynchus 850 Virgus 851 Ctenodesma 852 Eectidens 853 Lamellidens 854 Trapezoideus 858 Arconaia 859 Pseudavicula 860 Arcidopsis 861 Lamphorhamphus 862 Tetraplodon 863 Castalina 865 Castaliella 866 Callonaia 867 Hyria 868 Prisodon 869 Diplodon 872 TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII Synopsis of the Naiades Continued. Page. Family Mutelid* 895 Genus Spatha 895 Mutela 902 Chelidonopsis 906 Brazzaea 906 Pleiodon 907 Mouocoudylsea 908 Iheringella 913 Fossula 914 Leila 914 Glabaris 916 Mycetopoda 933 Bibliography 936 Index .. 999 ERRATA. Page 509, line 21, for varicosa read cicatricosa. Page 516, before Heterogeme insert Exobranchiae. Page 548, line 36, Unio striatus Sowerby should be preceded by a mark of interrogation. Page 559, line 6 from the bottom, for L. prevostianus read U. prevostianus. Page 591, line 3, for Lampsilis read Medionidus. Page 648, omit 8th and 9th lines from the bottom. Page 719, Unio striatulus Lea and U. amabilis Lea should be placed in the Argenteus group of Pleurobema. Page 760, last line, for bigbyana read bigbyensis. Page 766, line 6 from bottom, for multiplicata read heros. Page 802, omit line 8. Page 806, line 19, for eequitoria read sequatoria. Page 823, lines 10 and 11, for sequitoria read eequatoria. Page 825, omit lines 8 and 9. Page 851, line 27, for incertus read murinus. Page 862, omit line 31. Page 894, omit line 28. Page 906, 13th and following lines, for Chelidoneura read Chelidonura. Page 933, omit lines 16 and 17. SYNOPSIS OF THE tfAlADES, OE PEARLY FRESH-WATER MUSSELS. By CHARLES TORREY SIMPSON. Aid, DirixiuH <>/ Mollusks. In 1836 Dr. Isaac Lea published a Synopsis of the Family of Nai- ades, which was followed by a second edition in 1838, a third in 1852, and a fourth in 1870. In this work Dr. Lea did not attempt to make any systematic classification, but divided the species into two great genera, Margaron and Platiris, and subdivided these genera into sub- genera, and finally into smaller groups founded on the presence or absence of a dorsal wing, and on the form and sculpture of the shell. This arrangement was regarded by Dr. Lea as merely a temporary one, to be used until a knowledge of the soft parts could be obtained, on which to base a permanent classification. Several other attempts at a classification of the Xaiades have been made, and among these is that of Swainson in 1840, who believed that the whole family formed a circular group, that by beginning at a cer- tain point in it the species or genera would be found closely related to others, and these to others still, and that by following up the chain of relationships one would be brought back to the place of starting. My studies have not borne out Swainsoirs conclusions, but I have adopted two of his divisions of the Unionida?, the subfamilies Uniouiune and Hyrianae. His subfamilies Anodontinre and Alasmodontina? have no value, and the subfamily Iridina' belongs in the family Mutelida'. In 1847 Gray gave a classification of the Xaiades in his List of Recent Genera, in which he divided them into three families: Unionida', with the genera Anodonta, Maryaritana, Monocondylcea, Unio, Barbala, Lam- proscaplia, Anodonta, Byssanodonta, and Glabaris; Mutelida- with Mutela, Leila, Pleiodon, Paxyodon and Prisodon, aud Mycetopodidre, with the genus Mycetopus. Troschel, in 1847, proposed a classification in which the genera were founded on anatomical characters, and though for lack of knowledge PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII, No. 1205. 502 PROCEEIUXHX i>r mi: x.trfox.iL MTSKTM. V..L.XXH. he was led into several serious errors, his work lias proved an important aid in classification. H. and A. Adams followed with a classification in 1S57, in which they recognized the families Unionida' and Mutelida-, dividing the former into two subfamilies, Unionime and Mycetopina-, and giving a list of the then known species. Agassiz, in 1852, published a classification of the Xorth American Unionid;e, based more especially ou the anatomy, but much of his work was hasty and careless, and as a result his groups are, for the most part, heterogeneous assemblages of unrelated species. In 181)3, von Ihering published his Najaden von San Paulo, in which he showed that while certain of the Naiades began their existence on hatching from the egg as a glochin, with a bivalve shell capable of containing the soft parts, others developed into a J*irek cctrities, while the latter have longer, lighter shells, which have shallow heal; caritiea. In Anodotitd edentula the ovisacs are short and run across the gills; in the very similar looking A. fentssaciana the outer gills are filled with oblique ovisacs, and the inner have (at least in some cases) more or less ovules. The beak sculpture of these two species is very different. From the earliest period in which the Xaiades have been studied to the present time it has been claimed by some that the sexes were sepa- rate, by others that the animals were hermaphroditic. Keceut careful studies by such men as Sterki, Taylor, Kelly, and others appear to demonstrate that in the more highly organized Fnionida' (those which have two forms of shells, and have the ovisacs in the hinder part of the outer gills) the sexes are always separate. In the more simply organized Unionida* (those with but one form of shell and with the embryos occupying the entire gill) the sexes may or may not be separate. Further study has shown me that the provinces established in the paper I have quoted hold good as there laid down. There is evi- dently a very close relationship between many of the unionoid forms of southeastern Asia and tropical Africa. So close is this relation that the two regions might be united if it were not for the fact that a large U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM 160 140 120 100 80 , 6O 40 MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XVIII 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 (60 PEARLY FRESH-WATER MUSSELS NO. i20o. .s r \OPSIS OF THI: y.irADKssTMPsos: 505 number of forms are found in each of them that are not at all closely related to any of those of the other. These regions may be tabulated as follows : ARKAS OF THE NAIAD REGIONS. 1 Europe. Northern ami Western Asia. Palearctic North Africa to the Desert. I'ucitic drainage of North America. Ethiopian Africa, south of the Sahara. Orient-il (Asia, south of the Himalayas. lEast Indies to the Solomon Islands. [Australia. Australian -Tasmania. <-New Zealand. Part of New Guinea. Neotropical South America. [Central America. Central American-. Mexico, east of the Cordillera. LCuba. Entire Mississippi Valley and the Golf drainage from west Florida to the Rio Grande. Mississippiaii Mackenzie River system. Red River of the North. Great Lakes. Atlantic " I Lower St. Lawrence and rivers of eastern Canada. I Atlantic drainage of the United States. I have hesitated long before placing a considerable number of the species of Southeastern Asia in and near North American genera. I had hoped to be able to examine the soft parts of a number of these Oriental forms, but have been disappointed, and as nothing is known of the anatomy of most of them I have been compelled to classify by shell characters alone. It is certain that the beak sculpture of a large num- ber of Naiades of this area is essentially concentric, and not zigzag radial, as it is in most of the forms of the Oriental region. The shell characters of the ponderous Chinese Uniones are certainly much like those of Quadmln, in the form, the teeth, the beak sculpture, and especially the deep, compressed beak cavities. A great number of fossil forms from the Tertiary strata of Asia and Eastern Europe seem to show the closest relationship to the American Quadrulas. Hyr tops-is, Cristaria, Chamberlainia, and Pilsbryoconcha seem to be related by shell characters to the alate forms of Lamps-ills, and even the strange Pseudospatha of Africa would appear to belong here. I recognize about one thousand species and 82 varieties of Uuionidre, having reduced to the synonymy a great many names that most authors have believed to stand for valid species. Of these, 533 species and 55 varieties belong in North America and 101 in South America. The list contains 117 species of Mntelidne and 11 varieties, and of these 80 1 For map of Naiad Regions see plate. 506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL species are South American. The following list shows the number of species in each genus and the distribution of the genera: Margaritana, Circumboreal. Unio, North America, Palearctic. 13 varieties. Pleurobema, United States. 1 variety. Quadrula. North America, Eastern Asia. 12 varieties. Schistodesma, Eastern Asia. Gibbosula, Eastern Asia. Cuncopsis, Eastern Asia. Nodularia. Eastern Asia. Asia Minor, Tropical Africa. 6 varieties. Harmamlia, Southeastern Asia. Physunio. Southeastern Asia. Dalliella, Southeastern Asia. Grandidieria, Tropical Africa. Pseudodon, Eastern Asia. 1 variety. Parreysia, Southeastern Asia, Tropi- cal Africa. 8 varieties. Ptychorhyuchus, Eastern Asia. 1 variety. Virgus, Southeastern Asia. Ctenodesma, Southeastern Asia. Rectidens, Southeastern Asia. Lamellidens, Southeastern Asia, Tropical Africa. 5 varieties. Trapezoideus, Southeastern Asia. 1 variety. Arcouaia; Eastern Asia. Pseudavicula, Tropical Africa. Arcidopsis, Southeastern Asia. Tetraplodon, South America. 1 variety. Castalina, South America. Callouaia, South America. Hyria, South America. Prisodon, South America. Diplodon, South America, Austral- asia, South Africa. 6 varieties. 19 Truncilla, United States. 6 3 varieties. lir> 2 Micromya, United States. 8 varieties. 128 Lampsilis, North America. 4 Pseudospatha, Tropical Africa. 99 10 Hyriupsis, Kastern Asia. ' 3 Chamberlainis, Southeastern Asia. 10 Cristaria, Eastern Asia. 2 2 Lepidodesma, Kastern Asia. 1 4 Ptlsbryoconcha, Southeastern Asia. 5 6 Medionidus, United States. 90 22 Nephrouaias, Mexico, Central Amer- ica, Cuba. 1 Ghjbula, United States. 9 Ohovaria, United States. 1 variety. 7 8 Pliigiola, North America. 11 2 Tritogonia, United States. 23 1 variety. 2 Cyprogeuia, United States. 38 1 variety. 1 Obliqnaria, United States. 6 Ptychobrau'chus, United States. 8 Strophitus, North America. 1 variety. 55 Auodonta, North America, Eastern 2 Asia, Palearctic. 5 8 varieties. 12 4 Colletopterum, Southeastern Europe. 3 Gabillotia, Asia Minor. 1 variety. 5 7 Leguminaia, Southern Europe, Asia Minor. 3 1 variety. 1 1 Lastena, United States. 1 9 Solenaia, Eastern Asia. 9 1 Gonidea, United States. 1 Anodoiitoides, North America. 5 2 varieties. 1 1 Pegias, United States. 4 1 Arcidens, United States. 8 7 Syruphyiiota, North America. 94 1 variety. 13 Alasmidouta, North America. 1 Hemilastena, United States. MUTELID.K. 27 Spatha, Tropical Africa. 3 Varieties. 9 Mutela, Tropical Africa, 2 Chelidouopsis, Tropical Africa. 5 Brazzeea, Tropical Africa. 4 Pleiodon, Tropical Africa. K0.i205. SYXOPSIS OF THE XAIADESSIMPSOy. 507 10 Mouocondyla-a, South America. 4 Iheringella, South America. 2 Fossula. South America. 53 Glabaris, South America. 8 varieties. 8 Mycetopoda, South America. 3 Leila, South America. Total: 61 genera of Uuiouida? ; 11 genera of Mutelid;i\ I am inclined to believe with von Ihering that the primitive beak sculpture of the Uniouid;e was radial, aud in two species of Uniosfrom what are believed to be Triassic or Permian strata of the Staked Plains of Texas, 1 which are probably the oldest forms known, the beaks clearly show strictly radial sculpture. Four other species from the same lot are not in condition to exhibit this character. Xow I take this to belong to the simplest, earliest, and most lowly organixed form of uiiionoid life. 1 believe that the earlier Uuios had the young contained in the inner branehije alone, that there has been a gradual development from these primitive forms with simple, dull- colored, smooth shells, those of the male and female being alike, with radially sculptured beaks, the Endobranehs, up to the highest forms of to day, with concentric, doubly looped beak sculpture, with highly painted shells, in which those of the male and female are very different, with the young contained in distinctly marked ovisacs in the hinder part of the outer gills ;ilone, the JBxobrancks. The data for following these developments and the migrations of the Naiades are meager so far as fossil material is concerned. But, fortu- nately, while among the higher orders of life genera and even families appear, develop, grow old, and become extinct in a single geological age, the Unionidre have held on unbroken from the Triassic or prob- ably an earlier geological age until now, and while there has been slow progress in the development of higher characters the primitive forms have not died out. I know of no important type of the family among the fossil species that may not be found somewhere to-day among the living ones. They seem to have migrated to a certain region, made a slight advance over the characters of their predecessors, and to have continued down with but little change until to-day. When a new migration was made the same thing was enacted again. If the Unionidie originated in ^orth America during the Triassic or some earlier period we may suppose that some members of the family migrated into South America during that or at a later period. All the species of that family in South America have radial beak sculpture (except Callonaia and Prisodon, in which the beaks seem to be smooth), and the young are contained hi the inner gills alone, so far as we know. In some cases this sculpture is strictly radial; more often we find the central or all the bars curving a little toward each other below, and one or two of the middle pairs coalescing, the first move toward concen- tric beak sculpture. By an old, now partly submerged land bridge in the Antarctic region it is probable that a migration took place from South 1 Proc. I'. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, pp. 381-385. 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE X.iTTOXAL J/T/W.V. America to New Zealand and Australia, and slight changes in the way of progress are shown there. The beak sculpture is still radial, but the bars are decidedly curved toward each other below; they become slightly broken or nodulous, and each set is generally removed from the other a little, so that a space in the middle of the young shell is smooth. The young are contained in the inner gills, though Suter reports a few in the outer gills of one or two species and in all these Southern Hemi- sphere forms the shell has a dull color, and is nearly or quite rayless. Another migration took place to Southeastern Asia, and from there there was another to tropical Africa, possibly from Southern India over an old but now lost laudway. In the forms of this region the beak sculpture becomes irregularly and variously zigzag radial, the surface is nodulous in many cases, and the shell is often bright colored and painted. Some of the recent species, such as I'nio crtepisulcatm, show nearly strict radial sculpture all over the shells: others which I have placed in the genus Lamelliflens have almost such sculpture as is seen in the beaks of the Australian forms. In others the sculpture becomes slightly nodulous. Seasoning from analogy, and the few gravid specimens I have examined of these forms with the zigzagged beak sculpture, I presume that they all carry the young in the inner gills, though it is quite probable that some of them may have them in all four gills, and this would be a step in an upward direction. Some of these Asiatic and African forms with zigzag sculpture are quite short, inflated, and solid, and, in general, show characters strongly allied to those of our heavy Mississippi Valley forms (the latter of which I place in (\hiaflrnla}, the various members of the genus FurreyN'm, for example. It is quite probable that from such forms the genus (jn<]nila sprung; that it developed in Asiatic streams, where it still seems to be repre- sented. In the Tertiary strata of eastern Europe and in parts of Asia this genus seems to be abundantly represented. It is a little dif- ficult to say from some of the living Asiatic forms whether the beak sculpture should be called sharply, doubly looped, or zigzag radial, and the same thing may almost be said of some of our Xorth American forms. There probably existed at that period an old land way across from northeastern Asia to northwestern North America, and one which lasted a long time, or it may have been submerged and then reappeared again, for through long ages this has apparently been a highway for migrating UnionicLe. I think it not unlikely that the immediate progeni- tors of the magnificent and diversified series of Uniones found fossil in the Laramie beds came over from Asia among the earlier migrations; for it is a significant fact that among the Uniones of the Laramie for- mation in the United States we have a number of species which in general^ form closely resemble these recent Asiatic Parreysias, and that their beak sculpture is decidedly zigzag radial, just as it is to-day in these oriental forms. Associated with these Laramie species are others in 1 NO. 1205. SYXOI'Xr* OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 509 which the beak sculpture is somewhat concentric and of a peculiar pattern seldom found among living- Uniones, the ridges being nearly straight below and sharply pointed behind in a chevron-shaped pattern. I take it that the next step of progress WHS the development of the genus Plcurobcma, or forms which are nearly allied to it; though the strange, smooth, elongated, wedge-shaped Vuneopsi.s, with its remarka- bly deep beak cavities and often distorted shells, and the curious ttibboxula seem like Quadrulas making an effort to shape their shells something like those of Unio. In Pleurobcma the shell is solid and rather triangular, the beaks are high and typically well forward, the beak sculpture is broken, but most nearly concentric,' the beak cavities are shallow, and the young occupy only the outer branchiae. There are great numbers of species I should refer to this or closely allied genera in the oriental tertiaries, and many of them are knobbed. To day the genus is confined to the Mississippi Valley and the northern drainage of the Gulf of Mexico, and all the species are smooth except P. 'H<>])UN and P. raricoxa, which I place in the genus with some hesitation. This genus has an immense development in the waters of the Ten- nessee drainage, becoming less abundant as we advance northward, until in the Ohio Eiver and its tributaries only three species are found, Plenrobemtt clora Lamarck, /'. caricosa Lea, and P. a'sopus Green. In the Tennessee and Cumberland systems all the species except the two last mentioned belong to the group typified by P. clava. In the Ala- bama liiver drainage and a few adjacent streams emptying into the Gulf there is a great development of this genus, but none of the species belong to the clava group. Now, if the genus migrated into the Ten- nessee system from the northwest, and it seems quite probable that it did, its presence in the Alabama River system would seem to prove the theory entertained by some geologists that the Tennessee formerly emptied into the Gulf, flowing down into what is now the Coosa Eiver and into the Alabama. Additional proof of this is found in the fact that quite a number of the common Mississippi Valley species, such as Uuio tiilatnv Barnes, IT. rectus Lamarck, U. trigoiius Lea, I'. anoiloHtuidt'x Lea, U. ebenux Lea, and others are met with in the Tennessee, the Coosa, and the Alabama liiver systems, and Unio con- r adieu a and U. cumberlandianus, Tennessee liiver forms, occur in the Alabama system. That this southern outflow of the Tennessee ceased a long time ago is shown by the fact that in the Alabama drainage all the northern species of Unioues have a peculiar aspect, and several entire groups of Pleurobema have developed, which are distinct from anything found in the Tennessee. It is probable that the trueUnios and their allies were next developed, with simple oval to elongated shells, and moderate beaks showing quite a variety of sculpture. It is generally concentric, being inclined to follow the growth lines, but sometimes the ridges are broken, and again they are somewhat doubly looped. The young occupy the outer 510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL gills only, forming a pad-like marsupium. The genus is now found throughout a large part of the Palearctic region and North America generally, excepting the Pacific drainage. The Unios of what seems to be the Gibbosus group are abundant in the Tertiary of eastern Europe. Unio dorihii from Kouinauia is almost exactly like U.gibbosus, a recent species of the Mississippi Valley, and there were species no doubt closely allied in the Tertiary of the western United States. There were forms in Eastern Europe which seemed to connect Tnio and Pleurobema, some of which were like P. clava and formed a connecting link with Qimdrulti. There were Quadrulas showing relationship with our ( L >. triyona, rubl- f/inosa, pustulosa, pyramidaia, and other forms. Psilunio craviorensis looks much like our Pleurobema wsopus and there are other striking examples of old forms resembling recent ones. Xow, in Quadruldi Tnio, Alasmidonta, and some of the other allied genera we not unfrequeutly see species or specimens which have the ordinary concentric or doubly looped beak sculpture, and in addition to this a number of fine, regularly radiating ridges in front or behind, or sometimes at each end of the ordinary sculpture, an atavistic develop- ment, probably. In some groups this character is quite constant; in others it is only occasionally seen. I have never noticed it in any of the higher genera in which the male and female shells are different. Up to this point the male and female shells had been essentially alike, and the ovisacks were not distinctly outlined, but formed smooth pads, the marsupium occupying practically the whole gill. In the American waters probably, a great change now began to take place in some of the Unionida?. The ovisacs of many forms became distinctly marked out by a deep sulcus; a constriction developed in some instances around near the base of the marsupium, inside and out, so that the lower end of the ovisacs resembled little bulbs, and these were often filled with pigment of a different color from the rest of the ovisac. Ptychobran- chus, with its folded marsupium, may have developed from Unio; Cyprogenia and Obliquaria, with their narrow central marsupia, and DromuSjin which it is hung all around the outer gills in short, distinct ovisacs, would seem to have descended from Quadrula by their shell characters. I nail of these the shells of males and females are essentially alike. In Medionidus there is sometimes quite a well-marked -swelling at the central or post-basal part of the female shell which is absent in the male, but sometimes it is impossible to separate the shells of the two sexes. The marsupium consists of irregular ovisacs just behind or almost at the center of the outer gills. In the strange Tritoyonia the female shell differs remarkably from that of the male, having developed a broad, posterior wing, filled with a flap of the mantle, while that of the male is swollen, and truncate behind. . Of the marsupia of this strange form I know nothing. Oboraria, with short, solid, full shells, sometimes having a slight post-basal inflation in those of the female, and Plaf/iola, with triangular shells, often showing the distinction between male and female, recall to some extent Quadrula in shell char- acters, but have the marsupia in the hinder part of the outer gills alone. The ovisacs are distinct, and there is a sulcus below, and this NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 511 is the highest type of a branchial uterus. Lampsilis is a step farther on, with oval to elongated shells, generally highly colored, with, as a rule, a decided post-basal swelling of that of the female, without (in most cases) a strong post ridge, and the beak sculpture consists of rather numerous, delicate bars, arranged in two distinct (anterior and posterior) loops. Throughout the entire Mississippi Valley, a portion of the Atlantic drainage, in most of the streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, in east- ern Mexico, and Central America there is found^au extensive group of Uniones for which I have used the name Proptera of Rafinesque. Nearly all the shells are more or less dor sally winged, the beak sculpture is feeble, the epidermis is dull, the teeth are often imperfect, and they have a row of dorsal scars running obliquely downward and forward. The nacre generally is some shade of purple, and though the female shell may show a decided post inflation, it may be wanting. The ovisacs are usually fine and numerous, and are placed in the posterior ends of the outer gills. I have given this group subgeneric rank under Lamp- sills. Now, it would seem probable that North America was the field in which these remarkable developments in the character of the TJuioii- ida- had taken place, for I know of no fossil species elsewhere showing any of these higher characters. If, as I have elsewhere suggested, there is a relationship between Proptera and the Cristarias, Hyriopsis, Pilsbryoconclia, Chamlerlainia, and Pseudospatha of the Old World, then I should think it likely they, or their progenitors, had migrated thence from North America some time during the early or middle ter- tiaries. It is possible that the Cristarias, Hyriopsis. and the like, or closely related but now extinct groups, may have originated in ori- ental waters, and that the Propteras, and the typical LampsiUs, may be their offspring. Truncilla marks the highest development of Naiad life, and may be taken to be the latest. Its shells are smooth and generally highly painted, the beak sculpture is fine and doubly looped, the hinge teeth are well developed. The post-basal area is very distinctly marked out and developed in the female. In most cases the shell of this part in the female is thin, of a different texture from the rest, often radially ridged, and decidedly toothed on its edge. There is usually a surpris- ing difference in the shape of the shells of male and female aside from this, si) much so that one would never suppose that they belonged to the same species, unless he traced the growth back to the young shells, which are quite alike in the different sexes. The marsupium is like a large kidney, very full, and totally different in appearance when gravid from the rest of the gill. It appears to be protected by a great flap which grows out from the mantle covering it, which is here double. The genus exhibits a great variety of form, so much so that several good subgeneric groups seem well marked out, and we must believe it has been in existence for some time. Much of the foregoing may be mere conjecture; much is undoubt- edly founded on fact. I believe that the living forms of the Uuiouidse show a gradual development from the simplest, lowest, and earliest 512 I'i;<>CEi;i>f\<;X OF THE X.lTfOX.lL .1/r.v^r.V. VOL.XXII. types up to the highest, most recent, and most complicated, and stand as a sort of index to the progress of the family in the past. I have not ben able to study the Mutelida 1 as carefully as 1 have the Unionida'. All the species are foreign, and while I have seen the soft parts of a few South American for-ns, I have never had the opportunity to examine the anatomy of a single African species. I have not been able, from what knowledge I have obtained, to discover any consider- able anatomical or conchological differences between the Mutelid genera of Africa and South 'America which might be used to separate the family into subfamilies. I have treated the families of the Unionida- and Mutelida? together in this work because they have both been classed as Xaiades. But the remarkable differences in the embryos, that of the former family being a glochidium with a bivalve shell inclosing the soft parts, and that of the latter a lasidium divided into three segments with a single shell on its middle section, and the shells of the one family having schi/o- dont teeth, while those of the other have taxodout teeth, seem to show that the two great groups are not very nearly related. In studyingthe Naiades I have been greatly perplexed on accountof the unsatisfactory and confused condition of much of the literature. Earlyin this century Bafinesque collected the Unionida' extensively in Kentucky and published a large number of genera, minor groups, and species. It is probable that there will always be differences of opinion with regard to his work, just as there have been in the past. His figures are more like those made by children, or the caricatures drawn by aboriginal tribes, than the creations of an intelligent naturalist, and the descrip- tions are too brief in many cases to give any clear idea of the species. The work in the continuation of his monograph is even worse than that in the body of the paper, and tribes, genera, and subgenera are mingled in bewildering confusion, and all these are placed under two great genera. It is impossible in many cases to tell what his meaning is. I have care- fully gone over his so-called types in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, making notes and sketches, and stating the names by which they are commonly known. Four times, separated by long intervals, I have studied his original descriptions, with specimens of the same species as these so-called types, in an attempt to determine his species, each time writing down my conclusions, and I believe that quite a number of his species will have to stand. There can be no doubt whatever that many of his so-called types are not types at all, as they do not fit the descriptions by any stretch of imagination. In applying generic, subgeneric, and sectional names I have used those which have been previously applied wherever it has been possible to do so by the process of elimination, in order that no claim of priority might be urged for them. A most unfortunate dispute arose among our earlier couchologists in regard to priority of names, one in which a great deal of ill feeling was displayed. I have endeavored wherever it was possible to ascer- tain the exact date of publication of these disputed names and to credit the species to the earliest described. In some cases it has been N0.12C5. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 513 impossible to tell which of two names appeared first, and in such cases I have nsed that which seemed to be best known. Many of the species of Lamarck stand on about the same foundation as those of Rafinesque, having only a brietf description and no fig- ures. Dr. Lea on at least two occasions went over the types of most of Lamarck's species and has published his conclusions in the Obser- vations, and I am obliged to abide by his decisions, never having seen the types myself. One of the most perplexing problems has been the work done by European conchologists, and especially by the so-called new school of France. Previous to 1870, the date of issuance of Lea's last edition of the synopsis, thousands of names had been applied to the few species of Europe. But this work was conservative and reasonable compared with that of the new school since then. I have devoted much time and study to this fauna and its literature. To me it seems that there are not more than eighteen or twenty species of Unionid;e found in Europe, judging by the same standards I have applied to species elsewhere. Nearly all the authors seem to be more or less at sea as to certain forms of this area, and the reasons for this are probably their want of striking characters and their extreme variability. Unio picto- rwm, tumidus, elongatulus, and platyrhynchoideus have been often taken for each other. Margaritana margaritifera has repeatedly been mis- taken for the very similar looking M. crassa, and each of these has been hopelessly confused with Unio batavus. * I have endeavored to consider names applied before 1870 in my synonymy. I have made no effort to do this with those applied by authors to the forms of Europe since that time, as I do not believe that any new species of Unio, Margaritana, Anodonta, or Leguminaia have been found there in the last thirty years. The genus Colleioptenim (1881) is a doubtful one and is very likely only an mutation of the excessively variable Anodonta cygnca. In 1892 Arnould Locard, one of the great lights of the new school, stated that there were 208 species of Unios and 250 Anodoutas in France alone. 1 Life is too short and valuable to be wasted in any attempt at deciphering such nonsense, and I have not even cumbered the pages of this work with a list of these new species. Those interested can find them in the works of Westerlund and Kobelt. In cases where the new school has worked on the fauna of Africa or Asia, I have done the best I could to straighten out the synonymy. 1 have not attempted to make any analytical key to genera and other groups, because I do not believe that it is possible to construct a key that will be of any real service to the student. At least four-fifths of the shells of the Xaiades have the beaks so eroded that it is impossible to form any idea of what their sculpture is like, and the soft parts are inaccessible to the average student and collector. These are both vital characters that must be used in classification. The general arrange- ment of the groups down to genera is shown in the following table : 1 Aim. Soc. Ag. Hist. Nat. Lyon, 1892, p. 55. Proc. X. M. vol. xxii 33 514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE A A 77 O.V.I/. MUSEUM. r r >. (Heterof/enw.) Female shell inflated at base in front of posterior ridge; marsupiuiu in hinder part of outer gills. SYNOPSIS OF THE (1ENERA OF NAIADKS. Trtincilla Micromya Agassiz. LampsiUs Rafinevqne. Pseudospatha, Simpson. Hyriopsis Conrad. Chamberhtinia Simpson. ( 'rixtarid Schumacher. Lepidodcsma Simpson. Pilsbryoconcha Simpson. Medionidus Simpson. .N>/j/irofliaCrosse and Fischer. Gli'bula Conrad. Oboraria Rafinesijuo. Plaf/iola Rafinesqne. Female shell inflated behind, Tritogonia Agn^l/.. above posterior ridge. f (Mesogenw.) , i <'yprogenia Agassiz. Marsupium a few ovisacs in the< Qbliquaria Rafinesqne. center of outer gills. Marsupium occupying the whole outer gills in a series of folds. (Exchatiyenw.) Marsupium occupying the outer border of outer gills. (Diagena'.) Ovisacs filling the outer gills, running crosswise. Piychobranclnix Simpson. Dramas Simpson. Rafinesque. Anodonta Brugniere. CoUetopterum Bonrguignat. Gabillotia Servain. Lcguminaia Conrad. Lasiena Rafinesque. Solenala Conrad. Gonidea Conrad. Anodonioides Simpson. Pegias Simpson. .trcidens Simpson. Symphynota Lea. Alasmidonta Say. Hcmilastciia Agassiz. Margaritana Schumacher. I 'nio Retzius. [ Pleui-obema Rafinesque. ( Tetragena.-) , Quadmla Rafinesqne. Marsupium filling all four gills, J Schistodesma Simpson, forming smooth pads; beak cavi- ) GibbosuJa Simpson, [ties deep. [ Cuneopsis Simpson. (Homogenn'.) Marsupium filling the entire outer gills and forming smooth pads. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE XAIAJ)ES SIMPSON. 515 * f ~ ' Nodula/ria Conrad. gS Harmandia Rochcbrune. 3 J 2 Grandidicria Bourguignat. a 's-l Pity fin n io Simpson. ai DallieUa Simpson. *z '< Pseudodon Gould. o ~.^ (J?08rtor;irtip7i<8.) Parreysia Conrad. izodout : - " 03 C Beak sculpture generally xigzag-< radial; epidermis often bright. PtychorliyncJnis Simpson. Viryns Simpson. Ctenodesma Simpson. o s OD S f- a Eectidens Simpson. e* 2*5 LameUidens Simpson. ~-i cc z Trapezoideus Simpson. K O Arconaia Conrad. fcJC^' = !? Pseitdavicula Simpson. s 1 ^Arcldopsis Simpson. a 2 S f Tetrctplodon Spix. 3 '5 1 Caatalina von Ihering. o .2 K'p^ ( LifitnnHorhnniphiis. ) /-, . 7 . 77 /-. 1 Lastaliella oimpsou. p = J I5e:ik sculpture radial, often curved; > CaUonaia Simpson. == shell dull colored. 1 Hyria Lamarck. "a ^~ Prisodon Schumacher. 3 Cr. ~ JJiplodon Spix. Hinge teeth taxodout; male and female shells alike; embryo a lasidium. I f Spatha Lea. Miitela Scopoli. Chelidonopsis Ancey. Brazza'ti Bourguignat. Pleiodon Conrad. Monocondyla'a d'Orbigny. Ilieringclla Pilsbry. Fossula Lea. Glabaris Gray. Leila Gray. Mycetopoda d'Orbigny. In the preparation of tbis work I have received uniform courtesy and kindness from students and collectors generally. I am under especial obligations to Mr. Edgar A. Smith, of the British Museum, for exam- ining and reporting on the original manuscript of Solander, and to Mr. H. A. Pilsbry, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Mr. A. G. Wetherby, of Magnetic City, North Carolina; Dr. H. von Ihering, Museo Paulista, San Paulo, Brazil; and Mr. H. Suter, Christ Church, New Zealand, for repeated assistance and advice. Mr. L. E. Daniels, of La Porte, Indiana; Mrs. George Andrews, of Knoxville, Tennessee; Hon. J. D. Mitchell, of Victoria, Texas; Mr. Berlin H. Wright, of Penn Yan, New York; Mr. Bryant Walker, of Detroit, Michigan; Dr. W. S. Strode, of Lewistown, Illinois; Mr. H. M. Kelly, of Mount Vernon, Iowa; Mr. William Moss, of Ashton-under-Lyne, Eng- land ; and many others have contributed valuable material for study. SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE NAIADES. Family UNIONIDJ-:. Shell nacreous, with a thick epidermis; beaks usually sculptured, often showing the remains of the nuclear shell; ligament opisthodetic; hinge with or without teeth, though with vestiges of them in every genus; when present schizodont and arranged as pseudocardinals and laterals; palleal line usually simple; prismatic border ordinarily narrow. Animal with labial palpi almost always wider than long; anal opening usually separated from the superanal; embryo a glochidium, the soft parts being inclosed in a bivalve shell, and borne in the inner or outer or all four leaves of the branchiae. Subfamily "UNION IN JK Swain.soia, 184O. CExoTaranehise.) Shell having essentially concentric beak sculpture. Animal with labial palpi somewhat drawn out, projecting posteriorly; embryos borne in the outer or in all four gills. HETEROGENvE. Male and female shells different, the latter inflated in the post-basal region; beak sculpture usually doubly looped; embryos contained in ovisacs separated by a sulcus and occupying the hinder part of the outer gills. Genus TRUNCILLA Rafinesque, 1819. (Type, Trunoilla triijueter Rafinesque.) TninciUa RAFINESQUE, J. tlePhys., Chimie, Hist. Nat., L.XXXVIII, 1819, p. 4i'7. Shell rounded or oval, solid, inflated, generally smooth and rayed, with delicate beak sculpture which has a tendency to be doubly looped, that of the female having a very decided inflation in the post-basal region, which is thinner than the rest of the shell, of different texture, often toothed, and usually radiately sculptured; laterals double in each valve, the inner in the right valve smaller. Animal generally having the inner gills united to the abdominal sac; female with a heavy flap of the mantle which fills the post- basal swelling of the shell, and which has an iniier ridge inside at some distance above the edge; marsupium very distinct, occupying the swollen part of the shell. 516 NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES SIMPSON. 517 Subgenus TEUNCILLA Rafinesque, 1819. Shell covered with broken rays, somewhat triangular, and without a wide, radiate, posterior furrow. (Group of Truncilla Iriquetra.) Shell greatly inflated, sharply truncate posteriorly; inflation of the female shell at extreme post-basal point. ' t TRUNCILLA TRIQUETRA Rafinesque. 2 * Truncilla iriqueter RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brnx., XIII, 1820, p. 300, pi. LXXXI, figs. 1-4. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 15, pi. II, lig. 1. *AGASSIZ, Arch. fiir. Naturg., I, 1852, p. 44. Unto triqtteter SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 79. *SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.* CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.* FERUSSAC, Guer. M:ig., 1835, p. 27.* SAY, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. * P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. * Unio trianyitlaris BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 272, pi. xni, fig. 17. *HiL- DRKTII, Am. Jl. Sci., X, 1828, p. 287, fig. * SAY, Am. Conch., No. 1, 1830, pi. iv. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania JL, 1831, p. 78. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 554 ; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 674. * REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 118, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 9. *HAXLKY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183 ; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. * CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 10, pi. \, figs. 4, 4&; *Man., II, 1859, p. 137, fig. 062. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVII, tig. 340. * CALKINS. Pr. Ottawa Acad. Nat. Sci., 1874, p. 45. *Mya iriangularis EATOX, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 221. * Margarita ( Unio) triangularis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. *Margaron (Unio) trianyularis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36. *Unio cunedtus SWAINSON, Phil. Mag., 1823, p. 112. * Unioformosu8 LEA, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. Ill, pi. xvi, fig. 41 ; * Obs. I, 1834, p. 121, pi. xvi, fig. 41. *CHENU, 111. Couch., 1858, pi. vm, figs. 12, 12a, 12ft ; * Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig. 664. Ohio River drainage; western New York to southern Michigan; Iowa; eastern Nebraska to Indian Territory. (Group of Truncilla brevidens.) Shell somewhat quadrate, not sharply truncate behind; post-basal swelling of female in front of post-basal point and rounded below. t TRUNCILLA BREVIDENS Lea. Unio brevidens LEA, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 75, pi. iv, fig. 6; *Obs. I, 1834, p. 85, pi. vi, fig. 6.* HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pi. xx, fig. 41. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 56. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * CHENU. 111., Conch., 1858, pi. vm, figs, 6, 6a, 66. *P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * Margarita ( Unio) brevidens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21. *Margaron ( Unio) breindens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32 ; 1870, p. 50. 'A t placed before a species indicates that the type, or what are believed to be authentic specimens have been examined by the writer. 2 An * in front of a reference indicates that it has been verified. 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * Unio interrupt us CONRAD, New F. \V. Shells, 1834, p. 69.* SAY. Am. Conch., VI, 1834. *CONRAD, Monog.,X, 1838, p. 88, pi. XLVIII; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. *KrsTKK, Conch. Call. Uuio, 1861, p. 182, pi. i.vn, fig. 3; pi. LX, iig. 2.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xiv. lig. 56. ^Truncilla interrupta AGASSI/, Arch, fiir Naturg., I. 1852, p. 44. Tennessee drainage. + TRUNCILLA PENITA Conrad. * Unio penitiis CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, pp. 33, 70, pi. v, fig. 1. * FEUUSSAC, (Jiirr. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *M6LLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 203. HANI.EY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. * CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 18, pi. in, fig. 9.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.* H. and A. ADAMS, Geu.Eec. Moll. , II, 1857, p. 495. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xiv, fig. 55. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. "Margarita ( Unio) penitiis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p. 16. *Mar(jaron ( Unio) penitiis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36. * Unio compactiis'LE\, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 154 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p.218, pi. xxvin, fig. 98 ; * Obs. VII, 1859, p. 36, pi. xxvin, fig. 98. *Maryaron ( Unio) compact us LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. Alabama aud Tombigbee river drainage. tTRUNCILLA MODICELLA Lea. *Unio modicellus LEA, Pr. Ac. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 171; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 347, pi. LVII, fig. 172 ; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 29, pi. LVII, fig. 172.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) modicellus 1 LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. Conuasaugua and Chattanooga rivers, northwest Georgia. The following species a are unfigured and indeterminate: Truncilla ( Unio) perplexus Rafinesque. TrunciHu granulates Rafinesque. Unio (Truncilla) metaplata Rafinesque. tTRUNCILLA LENIOR Lea. '' rnio lenis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 286. :i *Unio lenior LEA., Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 204, pi. xn, fig. 18; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 42, pi. xn, fig. 18. *CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.1'51. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxvn, figs. 4, 4a, 4&. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll. ,11, 1857, p. 492. *REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvn, fig. 75. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. *Margaron\Unio) lenior LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. Stone lliver, Tennessee; near Woodville, Alabama. 'Four specimens of this species are in the U. S. National Museum collection, from the Connasauga River, Georgia, three of which are males, with a form something like that of T. penita; the fourth is a young female, which distinctly shows a radiately ridged post-basal swelling. Q These are in continuation of Monographer, 1831, p. 4. 3 Lea changed his name lenix to lenior, probably because Conrad had previously used the former for a species of Unio, which is no doubt a young rentricosus. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 519 tTRUNCILLA METASTRIATA Conrad. * Unio melastriutux COXKAD, MOIL, XII, 1840, p. 104, pi. LVII, fig. 2. Black Warrior Kiver and Woodville, Alabama. (Group of Truncilla arca-formis.) Shell greatly inflated, with a sharp posterior ridge, and two lesser ridges above it; inflation of the female flattened on its base. tTRUNCILLA ARC/EFORMIS Lea. * Unio arca-formin LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 116, pi. xvn, fig. 44; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 126, pi. xvii, fig. 44. * ANTON, Yerz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14J DESHAYES, Tr. Element, Conch., 1839, p. 18, pi. xxix, fig. 6. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842. p. 182; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pi. xxn, fig. 40. "CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55. *DESHAYES, Traito Element., II, 1853, pi. xxiv, fig 6. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xn, figs. 3, 3a, 3&. *REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xjv, fig. 57. * Margarita (Unio} arcwformis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. Margaron ( Unio) arcaformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36. * Truncilla arca-formis AGASSI/, Arch, fiir Xaturg, I, 1852, p. 44. Unio nexus SAY, Transylvania .11., IV, 1831, p. 527; *SAY, Am. Conch., Pt. 6, 1834, pi. Li. 2 *CONRAD, New F. "\V. Shells, 1834, p. 70. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. ^CONRAD, Mouog., VIII, 1837, p. 68, pi. xxxvm, fig. 1. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 69, pi. xvii, fig. 2. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252. *PJ5TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 60. Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. Subgenus SCALENARIA (Rafinesque, 1820) Agassiz. (Type, Unio aulcalus Lea.) Male shell having a wide, radiating, shallow depression in front of the posterior ridge; that of the female having a small, rounded, well- defined, radial post-basal swelling. Animal with marsupium occupy- ing the greater part of the outer branchiffi; mantle enlarged below j branchial opening, with few papilla 1 . (Group of Truncilla sulcata.) Shell elliptical, beaks high and well forward, male shell not radiately striated posteriorly. 'This may be T. triquetra. -According to Binney, Unio nexus was first published in December, 1831, (Bib. X. Am. Couch., I, p. 266), and Scudder states that the fourth volume of the Transac- tions, containing Lea's description of Unis arcwformis, was published at the latter end of 1831, and acknowledged by correspondents as received that year (Bib. of pub- lications of Lea, 1885, p. 3). As I am not able to say which has precedence, I prefer retaining the well-known name of Lea rather than that of Say, which is less known. 520 rpocEEiuyGS OF THE XATIO\AL MUSEUM. tTRUNCILLA SULCATA Lea. * Unto snlcattts LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1830, p, 430, pi. vin, fig. 2. "SAY, Am. Conch., No. 1, 1830, pi. v. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania .11., 1831, p. 75. *LEA Obs., I, 1834, p. 44, pi. vin, fig. 12. *HANI.EY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188. *CHEXU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. II, pi. I, figs. 5, 5a. *CATLOW ami REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1815, p. 64. *CHEXU, III. Conch., 1858, pi. xm, figs. 3, 3a, 3fc. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. 'REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xiv, fig. 60. *P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Margarita (Unio). sulcatus LKA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. *Margaron (Uio) sulcattis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. * J'nio siilcata DESHAYES, An. sans Vert, 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 548; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672. J'nio rMibitndus SAY, New Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p. 308; * Am. Conch., I, 1830, pi. v. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 75. "CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 11, pi. I, fig. 6. *KUSTKR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 276, pi. xcm, fig. 2. "REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi xv, fig. 63. * rnio ohU(jiiatii8 SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. "CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. "KrsTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 274, pi. xcn, fig. 3. *AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Xatm-g., I, 1852, p. 43. *COXRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. *Unio gibbosiis var. perobUfjUHa CONRAD, Monog., VI, 1836, p. 50, pi. xxvir, fig. 2. Unio pernbliquus CONRAD, Cover of Monog., VIII, 1837. *Unio pectittis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 297, pi. xxvn, fig. 4. TRUNCILLA SULCATA var. DELICATA Simpson.' Ohio River drainage; the variety in the Detroit River and southern Michigan. (Group of Trun cilia liaysiana.) Shell shining, round-oval; posterior part of both male and female distinctly radially sculptured. tTRUNCILLA HAYSIANA Lea. * Unio haysianns LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1833, p. 35, pi. in, fig. 7 ; *Qbs., I, 1834, p. 147, pi. in, fig. 7. *HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. *COXRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 209, pi. i.xix, fig. 4. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xv, fig. 62. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Margarita ( Unio) haysianus LEA, Syn. 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. *Margaron ( Unio) hat/statins LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. *ScaJenaria haysiana AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Naturg. I, 1852, p. 48. * Unio sowerbyanus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1839, p. 68, pi. x, fig. 28; 2 *Obs. I, 1834, p. 180, pi. x, fig. 28. "FERUSSiC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * CONRAD, 'Mr. Bryant Walker has sent me specimens of a form which I refer to this species that are smaller and in every way more delicate. I propose the above varietal name for it. 2 Male of T. liaysiana. Unio Juu/aiciniis and U. sowerbyanus were published in the same paper, the former having precedence. SYNOPSIS OF THE XJ T. 1 1> ES S1MPSOX. 521 Monog., vin, 1837, p. 66, pi. xxxvii, fig. 1. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. (>4. * KUSTKK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 62, pi. xiv, fig. 3. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac, X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.496. *REKVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xiv, fig. 58. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890. p. 16S. *Ma>-tjarita ( Unio) soiccrbi/aniis LEA, Syn. 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. 'Mari/aron (I'nio) xowerbi/aiuin I.K.V. Syn. 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. tTRUNCILLA OTHCALOOGENSIS Lea. I'nio othcaloogensia LEA, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 32 ;' Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 1'hila., IV, 1858, p. 74, pi. xiv, fig. 54 ; Obs. VI, 1858, p. 75, pi. xiv, fig. 54. ~ Mnrt/aron ( Unio) othcaloogensin LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 38. Otlicalooga Creek, Gordon County, Georgia. Subgenus DYSNOMIA Agassiz. 1852. (Type, I'nio foliattis Hildreth.) Shell of the male with a posterior and central radiating ridge, with a wide, flattened space between; that of the female with a greatly pro- duced inflation, which is but little behind the center of the base, it being a continuation of the central ridge. Animal with mantle beauti- fully maculate on its border; female animal unknown. tTRUNCILLA FOLIATA Hildreth. * Unio foliat us HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 284, fig. 16.* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69. * FERCSSAC, Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 27. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.* CHENI-, Man., 1859, II, p. 143, fig. 705.* HARPER, L. and F. W. Shells of Cinti., p. 4. *lfargarita ( Unio) foliat us LEA, Syn. 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14. *Maroaron ( Unio) foliaiux LKA, Syn. 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. * I'nio .//eM'Ho.s/fs CONRAD, Monog. 1, 1835, p. 8, pi. iv, fig. 2. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, pp. 46, 211, pi. ix, fig. 2; LXX, fig. 1. *CoNRA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. vi, fig. 22; xni, fig. 53. *Dysnomia flexnosa AGASSIZ, Arch, fur Naturg. 1, 1852, p. 43. Ohio River drainage. tTRUNCILLA STEWARDSONI Lea. * I'nio steicardxoni LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 278, pi. xxm, fig. 36; * Obs. V, 1852, p. 34, pi. xxm, fig. 36. * CONRAD, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 488. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xv, fig. 66. *P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. 'Margaron (Unio) stewardsoni LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 38. Tennessee Eiver. 1 1 have seen only the type of this species, apparently a young female, which is a reddish buff-colored, shining shell, somewhat more elongated than T. haysiana, but which probably groups wilh it. 522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATIOSJL M US KIM. Subgenus PILEA Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio personatus Say.) Male shell with a wide, shallow, radiating depression in front of the posterior ridge, that of the female with a rounded, foliaceous swelling at the posterior base. Animal with post basal flap of mantle of female very heavy; ovisacs not extending to the top of the marsupium. (Group of Truncilla personata.} Shell inflated, rather solid, nearly as high as long; female not having a central depression, post basal swelling small. t TRUNCILLA PERSONATA Say. Unio personatus SAY, New Harm. Diss. IT, No. 20, 1829, p. 300. * FERUSSAO, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.* CONRAD, Monog. Y, 1836, p. 47, pi. xxiv. * HAN- LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 202; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 2^2. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 48, pi. x, fig. 1.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.* II. and A. ADAMS, Geu. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *REEVK, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xv, fig. 64.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 116. * Margarita ( Unio) penonatus LEA, Syn. 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23. *Maryaron ( Unio) ptrsonatus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 38. *Scalenaria ptrsonaia AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Naturg. 1, 1852, p. 43. * Unio pileus LEA, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 119, pi. xvm, fig. 47.* CON- RAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.* LEA, Obs. 1, 1834, p. 129, pi. xvm, fig. 47. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835. p. 28. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185. *CATI,OW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 62.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xv, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.* H. and A. ADAMS. Gen, Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xv, tig. 64. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Margarita ( Unio) pileus LEA, Syn. 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. *Murgaron ( Unio) pileus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 24. * Unio capillaris LEA, Tran. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 29, pi. n, fig. 2 ; * Obs. 1, 18:34, p. 141, pi. n, fig. 2.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. Ohio Kiver drainage. Rare. (Group of TruHcilla pcrplexa.} Shell of the male with median and posterior radiating ridges, both of which are usually somewhat nodose; postbasal expansion of the female rounded, large, thin, placed far back. t TRUNCILLA PERPLEXA Lea.' * Unio perplcxua LEA, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 112, pi. xvn, fig. 42; * Obs. I, 1834, p. 122, pi. xvii, fig. 42.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 181, pi. xxn, fig. 39. " CATLOW and REKVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 62. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. *CHKXU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvm, figs. 5, 5o, 56. 'Margarita ( Unio) plexus LEA, Syn. 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16. 'Lea's species was published, according to Scudder (Bibliography of Isaac Lea, p. 3), in the latter part of 1831. Rafinesque published a species, "Truncilla, Unio perplexus,'' in the Continuation of a Monograph in October, 1831, which I can not identify. I do not know which uauie appeared first, but I think it best to retain the well-known and properly described name of Dr. Lea. NO. 1205. sr.vo/'.s/x or mi: NAIADES SIMTSOX. 523 " Margaron (Unio) perplej-ns LEA, Syn.. 1S.V2, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. " fiiio yibboaus FERUSSAI , Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 27. CONRAD, Mouog. VI, 1836, p. 50, pi. xxvn, fig.l. REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864. pi. xi, fig.'41, 41, 416. hysnomla yibbosa AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Nat., I, 1852, -p. 43. *Unio yibbosus, liaf. r. perplex us P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. * Unio torulosus CONHAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72; * Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila,, VI, 1853, p. 259. * Unio obliqiiHs POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 153, pi. LVIII, figs. 3, 4. tTRUNCILLA PERPLEXA var. RANGIANA Lea. *Unio ranyianus LEA, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p. 95, pi. xvm, fig. 56; 1 * Obs., II, 1838, p. 95, pi. xvm, fig. 56.* TROSCHKL, Arch, fur Naturg.,V, 1839, p. 237. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pi. xxi, rig. 48. "CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Noin., 1845, p. 63. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *CHENU., 111. Couch., 1858, pi. xxiv, figs. 5, oa, 5b. KUSTKH, Couch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 257, p). LXXXVII, fig. 1; LXXXIX, fig. 1.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xiv, fig. 54. * P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * Maryarita ( Unio) ranyianus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 18. * JIaryaron ( 1'nio) ranyianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870. p. 40. * Unio gitbernacHlum REEVE, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvm, tig. 146. P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. tTRUNCILLA PERPLEXA var. CINCINNATIENSIS Lea. cinciniiatientis LEA, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 194, pi. vin, fig. 4; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 32, pi. vin, fig. 4. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.497. * CHENU., Ill.Conch., 1858, pi. xxx, figs. 3, 3a, 36. *P.KTEL. Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. *Margaron (I'nio) cincinnatiensia LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. fiiio phiUipxii REEVK, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. iv, fig. 15. Oliio Kiver drainage; southern Michigan? The variety ranyianus to south Michiyau. tTRUNCILLA SAMPSONII Lea. - I'nio sampsoiiii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p. 392; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 1'hila., V, 1862, p. 192, pi. xxv, tig. 261; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 14, pi. xxv, fig. 261; Syu., 1870, p. 40. Wabash Eiver; Tennessee? tTRUNCILLA PROPINQUA Lea. * Unio propinquus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857. p. 83 ; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 63, pi. v, fig. 212; 'Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 67, pi. v, fig. 212.* Sow- EKBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIX, fig. 417. *P.-ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * Manjaron ( Unio.) propinquus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34. Tennessee and Cumberland river drainage. 1 Dr. Lea claims that the animal o. K this form is lighter colored than that of per- plexua, and quotes Mr. Clark, of Cincinnati, who states that this is known there as the White Mouth. The shells srein to absolutely blend together, and I have observed a wide range of color in the animals of a number of species of the genus. 524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUtl.'t'M. tTRUNCILLA BIEMARGINATA Lea. " Unio biemarginalux LEA., Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 83; *J1. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 47, pi. xvi, fig. 45 ; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 51, pi. xvi, fig. 45. Mnriiaron (Unto) biemari/inaius Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 38. Tenoessee liiver drainage. tTRUNCILLA CAPSjEFORMIS Lea. * 1'nio capsd-formis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p. 31, pi. n, fig. 4 ; * Obs., I, p. 143, pi. n, fig. 4." CONRAD, Moudg., VIII. 1837, p. 72, pi. XL, fig. 2.* FERUS- SAC, Guer. Mag., 1839, p. 29.* HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191, *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 19. pi. xxi. lii,'. .",. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 57. KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 42, pi. vm, fig. 5. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.* H. and A. ADAMS, (Jen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. "REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvn, figs. 79, 79a, 79fr. *P.*:TEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 190, p. 147. "Margarita (Unio) capsa'formis LEA, Syn. ,1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. Mnrgaron (Unlo) cajtunformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. Tennessee River drainage. tTRUNCILLA FLORENTINA Lea. , Pr. Ac.X. Sci. Phila., VII, 1857, p. 83; Ml. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 61, pi. v, fig. 213; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 68, pi. v, fig. 213. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. ~ Mar ij aron ( Unio) Jlorcntinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. f'nio turgidulus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 40; *J1. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 62, pi. v, fig. 211; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 66, pi. v, fig. 211.* REEVE, Touch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvn, fig. 80.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 170. * Margaron (Unio) turtjidnlua. LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. * Unlo nux KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 218, pi. LXXIII, fig. 2. * Unio sacculus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xv, fig. 67. * ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 157, pi. xn, fig. 3. * Unio saccatus KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 263, pi. i.xxxix, fig. 2. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. Tennessee River drainage; Cumberland River. tTRUNCILLA DEVIATA Reeve. * Unio deviati(8 } REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xv, fig. 61. ^ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 156, pi. xn, fig. 2.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * Margaron (Unio) deviattis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. Cumberland and Tennessee rivers. Genus MICROMYA (Agassiz, 18S2) Simpson. (Type, Unio fabaJis Lea.) Micromya AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Xat., 1852, p. 57. Shell triangular oval, solid, dark, feebly rayed with undulating lines; beak sculpture almost wanting, consisting of a few feeble, doubly-looped 'Reeve credits this name to Anthony's manuscript in Museum Cuming. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMP SOX. 525 ridges; hinge teeth heavy, laterals dab-shaped and truncated poste- riorly: post-basal swelling of the female, distinct and often rather abrupt, sometimes somewhat irregularly radially ridged, the shell of this part being rather thin. Animal with mantle fringed below, maculate on the border, which is greatly thickened at the post-basal part in the female and developed into a flap, with a distinct, toothed ridge inside; marsupium occupying the posterior part of the outer branchiaj in numerous distinctly marked ovisacs: inner gills free from abdominal sac in part. (Group of Micromya fabalis.) Shell small, with faint undulate rays, inflated area of female scarcely radiately striated. t MICROMYA FABALIS Lea. * Unto fabalis, 1 LEA,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 86, pi. x, tig. 6; *Oba., 1, 1834, p. 96, pi. x, fig. 16.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.* HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 196. * CATLUW ami REEVE, Couch. Norn., 1845, p. 59; *H. ami A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1;V7, p. 494. * CHEXT, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. vm, figs. 1, la, lb. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvi, fig. 196. * Marcjarita ( Unto) fabalis EEA, Syn., 1836, p. 28 ; 1838, p. 20. * Margaron ( Unio) fabalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31 ; 1870, p. 49. Unio capillus SAY, Transylvania Journ., IV, 1831, p. 528. * Unio lapillus SAY. Am. Conch., V, 1832, pi. XLI ; VI, 1834, No. 49. *CONRAD, New, K. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. ; * Monog.,VI, 1836, p. 54, pi. xxix, fig. 12.* CHEXU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser. Ill, 1845, p. 52, pi. xiv, figs. 1, la, 16. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1848, p. 53, pi. xi, fig. 3.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. Ohio River drainage ; Rouge River, near Detroit, Michigan ; New York. (Group of Micromya ca'lata.) Shell triangular ovate, with alow, rounded posterior ridge; male and female shells distinctly wrinkled behind. t MICROMYA C^LATA Conrad. *Unio ca'latus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci. and Arts, XXV, 1834, p. 338, pi. i, fig. 1; New, F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 29, pi. in, fig. 4, p. 68.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 199. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 175; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 175. * CHEXU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 16, pi. in, fig. 3. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. * REEVE, Conch. 'According to Scudder the volume of the Transactions containing this species appeared in the latter part of 1831, and was acknowedged by correspondents as received that year. Say published his U. capillus in the Transylvania Journal for December, 1831, and in the American Conchlogy changed it to lapillus. It is proba- ble that Lea's name was published first. 526 rnocKEniw.s OF THE NATIOXAL J/r>/;r.i/. VOL.XXH. Icon., XVI. ItH, pi. ii, fig. 7. *B H. WRIGHT, Check List, isxx. * P.F.TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. Manjanta ( f'nio) avlatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14. oit ( Unio) aclattis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 20. Tennessee River drainage; cited from Michigan by Sager and Miles, certainly in error. They might have mistaken for this a rather high specimen ofia ventricosus EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. * Mart/arita ( Unio) ventricosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. Margaron ( Unio) rentricosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. * Lampsilis rentricosus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 94, pi. xn, figs. 3-5. " SMITH, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pi. LXXXIII. NO.IL"'.-,. SYNOPSIS (>!' THE NAIADESSIMPSON. 527 * Lampailia ventricosa STIMI-SOX, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. * A 'it io radiatus HILUHKTH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 286. Cnio occidcns LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1829, p. 435, pi. x, iig. 16. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831. p. 78.* LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 49, pi. x, fig. 16. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 189 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 189.* CATLOW aud REEVE. Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 62. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 170, p!. LI, figs. 1,2. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xn, figs. 5, 5a, 5ft. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa A< ad. Sci., 1874, p. 44. *LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field. Nat. Club, 1882, p. 51. * 13. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Mariiarlia ( Unio) occidens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. * Margaron (Unio) Occident LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p.41. 1 * I'nio sttboratns LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831. p. 118, pi. xviij, fig. 46; 2 ' Obs., 1, 1834, p. 128, pi. xvm, fig. 46. *HANLEY, Test, Moll., 1842, p. 184; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pi. xxn, fig. 43. * CATLOW and REEVE, Couch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. - OHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xn, figs. 6, 6a, 60. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rcc. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. *SOWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxi, fig. 163; 1868, pi. LXXXV, iig. 456. *B. H. WEIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.-KTEL, Conch. Sara., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Margarita ( Unio) aiibocatua LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p. 17. * Margaron ( Univ')8uboratua LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. * rnio cardium CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68. 3 SAY. Am. Conch., VI, 1834. CONRAD, Pr. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.246. KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 169, pi. L, figs. 1-4. * Unio cardium Raf. v. occidens P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. * f'nio cardium Raf. v. rentricosus P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. f Utiiofasciohts, FEKCSSAC, Guer. Mag. 1835, p. 26. * Unio orata, DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 3d ed. 1839, p. 669. * Uuio oraius KUSTER, Couch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 55, pi. xn, fig. 1. ^Unio lenis CONRAD, Monog., XII, 1840, p. 106, pi. LVIII, fig. 2. 4 * I'nio canadensis LEA, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 85; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 268, pi. XLIV, fig. 148 ; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 86, pi. XLI v, fig. 148. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Hargaron ( Unio) canadensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. * rnio dolabra'formis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LIX, p. 298. * Unio latissimm SOWERBY ?, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVI, fig. 337. fLAMPSILIS VENTRICOSUS var. SATUR Lea. * Unio salur LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc.,V., 1852, p. 252; e Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 205, pi. xvii, fig. 19 ; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 21, pi. x vn, fig. 19. *CONRAI>, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 1 Lea says this is so close to U. ventricosus that it would be well to unite them. Foot note in Synopsis, 1870, p. 41. 2 This is, I am .sure, a fine male U. rentricosiis Barnes. Dr. Lea is inclined to this opinion iu a footnote on p. 118 of the Transactions. : Conrad refers this species to Rafinesque. From the latter author's figure and description of Lampailia cardium it is evident that it is a member of the ventricosus group, but whether it is the U. rentricosus of Barnes, the U. capax of Green, or some other species, I am unable to determine. Conrad and some other authors believe it to be Barnes's species. The type in the Philadelphia Academy is a young U. ventricosus. 6 The type is a diseased individual, and is probably a compressed male rentricosua. 6 1 believe this to be merely a rather delicate, dark-colored variety of ventricosus, which inhabits the southwestern part of the Mississippi drainage. 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. p. 496. *("'HEXU, Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig. 666. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcii, fig. 501. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. * Haryaron ( Unio) satitr LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. Entire Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence system; Nelson River and tributaries; the variety satur in the Southwest to the Sabiue River, Texas. tLAMPSILIS EXCAVATUS Lea. * Unio excavatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 32 ; * .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 71, pi. xin, fig. 52; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 71, pi. xm, fig. 52. *CiiKxu, Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig. 665. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXX, VII, p. 403. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. *Margaron (Unio) excaralus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. *fUnio ovatus SAY var. ornatiis CONKAD, Moiiog., I, 1835, p. 4. 1 *Unio ornatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxi, fig. 162. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Tombigbee and Alabama river drainage. tLAMPSILIS BINOMINATUS Simpson/-' *Unio lineatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,VIII, 1842, p. 206, pi. xii, fig. 20; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 44, pi. xn, fig. 20.* COXRAP, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. *CHEXU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxyin, figs. 1, la, 16. * KUSTER, Conch. Cah. Unio, 1862, p. 278, pi. xciv, fig. 1.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXI, fig. 309.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888, * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * Margaron (Unio) lineatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 41. Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia. t LAMPSILIS CARIOSUS Say. Unio cario8U8 SAY, Nich. Encyc.. II, 1816, pi. in, fig. 2. 3 SHORT and EATON Transylvania Jl. 1831, p. 70. * SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * CONRAD, Monog. IV, 1836. p. 40, pi. xix. * GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. Ill, fig. 72. *BiNNEY,Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 172, fig. 475. *REEVE, Couch. Syst.,I,1841,p. 119, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 10.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190.* DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 193, pi. xxi, figs. 243, 244.** HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190, pi. xx, fig. 22. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 57. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 24, pi. i, figs. 2, 3. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1835, p.246. *DEWEY, Ninth Rep. N. Y. State Cab., 1856, p. 35. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * SOWERBY, 1 It is hard to tell just what this is, as Conrad does not figure or describe it. He tates that while it is probably excavatus it is not certainly so, and he does not think it wise to displace Lea's properly described and figured species for it. 2 Lea's name was preoccupied by Valenciennes (Encyc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 151, pi. CCXLVIII, fig. 5) for what is probably U. radiatus. I change it to binominatus. 3 The first edition of Nicholson's Encyclopedia is dated 1816, fide W. G. Binney, Bib. N. Am. Conch., I, 1863, p. 25, and by Lea, Synopsis, 4th ed., pp. 154, 159. The figures are very probably taken from U. ventrivosus. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF Till-: XAIADES SIMPSON. 529 Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LVIII, tig. 294. * HARTMAN and MICHENKR, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 38, fig. 183.* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, 1882, p. 51. *B.H. WRMIHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * SIMPSON, Nautilus VIII, 1895, p. 122, 2 figures.' * Margarita ( Unio) cariosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. Maryaron (Unto) cariosiis LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. * Unio cariosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80. *DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 545; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 671. * Mya cariosa EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 218. * Lampsilis cariosa STIMTSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. * Unio orat us var. b. LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75. * Unio ovata VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1833, p. 226, pi. L, figs. 1, la, U, l<: * Unio viridis FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. * Unio oratus CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 301 ; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, IV, 1849, p. 153; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1850, p. 276, pi. xxxvn; fig. 6; Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254. Atlantic drainage from Georgia to the lower St. Lawrence. 2 tLAMPSILIS ALTILIS Conrad. * Unio altills CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 43, pi. n, fig. 1, and p. 68. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 207. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190. *CATLOW and EEKVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55. *CHENU, Bib. Conch. ,1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 21, pi. i, fig. 1. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, VI, 1853, p. 244. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P;ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. Margarita (Unio) altilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. *Margaron ( Unio) altilis LEA., Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. Alabama River drainage; Little Eed Eiver, Clinton, Arkansas? tLAMPSILIS DOLABR-ffiFORMIS Lea. *Unio dolalrn'formis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 103, pi. xxiv, fig. 113; *Obs., II, 1838. p. 103, pi. xxiv, fig. 113. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., V, 1839, II, p. 237. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 189; *Biv. Sheila., 1843, p. 189, pi. xxi, tig. 47. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxm, figs. 6, 6a, 6&. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 170, pi. LII, figs. 1, 2.* B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. *Mar(jarita ( Unio) dolabra'formis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 18. "Margaron (Unio) dolabnrformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 41. Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers, Georgia. tLAMPSILIS CAPAX Green. *Unlo capax GREEN, Cab. Nat. Hist., II, 1832, p. 290. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 75, pi. XLII.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, pp. 21,65, pi. xv, fig. 3.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245. * H. and A. By an error the figures of this species and U. ochraceus were changed. 2 The specimens referred to this species that are often reported from the Mississippi drainage are no doubt L. rentricosus. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 34 530 PROCEEDTXdS <>l' Till' X.irio\.lf. .vr.v/-.V.V. .VOL.XXII. ADAMS, Gen. Roc. Moll., II. 1857. ]>. l!lo. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 186fi, pi. i.n, fig. 274." CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Nat. Sci., 1874. p. 41.* B. H. WRIGHT. Check List, 1888." P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * Ma.-garon ( Unio) capax LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. * Lampsilis capax SMITH, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pi. LXXXIV. * Xymphynola globosa LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1832, p. 41, pi. iv, tig. 12; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 153, pi. iv, fig. 12.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * Margarita ( Unio) globosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23. * Unto globosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 189. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. Margarita ( Unio) globosus LEA, .Syn., 1838, p. 18. Lower Ohio River drainage; southwest to St. Francis River, Arkan- sas; north to eastern Iowa; Elkhoru and Blue rivers, Nebraska? (Aughey). Abundant locally. fLAMPSILIS OVATUS Say.' Unio ovatus SAY. Nich. Encyc., II, 1816, pi. 11, fig. 7. * LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75. *HILDKETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 287. SHOUT and EATON Trans. Jl., 1831, p. 78. * SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70; *Monog. 1, 1835, p. 4, pi. n. * FEHTSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. "HANLEY, Test, Moll., 1842, p. 184; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184. * CATLO\V and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 22, pi. nr, fig. 2.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxi, fig. 164.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * Margarita ( Unio) ovatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p. 17. *Margaron (Unio) oratus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. *Unio ovata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75. * STARK, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 90. ?* VALENCIENNES, Coq. Marines, Biv. .11833, pi. L, ligs. 1, la, Ib, Ic. *DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 538; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669. *Lamp8ili8 ovata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., V, 1820, p. 298. *Mya ovata EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 218. *Mglia ovata SWAINSON, Treat, on, Mai., 1840, p. 266, fig. 49. Ohio River drainage. tLAMPSILIS OCHRACEUS Say. Unio ochraceus SAY, Nich. Encyc., 1816, pi. n, fig. 8. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.* FKRUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.* CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 37, pi. xvm, fig. 2.* GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 112, fig. 74; 1870, p. 173, fig. 476.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190, pi. xx, fig. 48? *DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 193, pi. LXIX, figs. 237, 238. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 163, pi. XLVII, fig. 1. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIII, fig. 317. * HARTMANaudMiciiENEK, Conch. Cest.,1874,p.39,fig. 184. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * SIMPSON, Nautilus, VIII, 1895, p. 122, fig. s *Margaron ( Unio) ochraceus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. *Mya ochracea EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 218. 'The name ovatus was used for Unio tumidus Retz, by Lister, Donovan, and others, hut as it was called a Mya and the generic name Unio was never used with it, Say's name can stand for this species. 2 The figure given for this species, by an error of the printer, is a female carionus. NO. iiiu.v SYXorXfS OF THE X.I I. IDES SfMI'SoX. 531 *Sympnynota ocliracea LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1830, p. 455 ; *Obs. 1. 1834, p. 69. * Margarita (Utiio) ochracea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. *LampsiUs ocliracea STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. * Unio crocatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 31 ; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 238, pi. xxn, fig. 52; " Obs.. Ill, 1842, p. 76, pi. xxn, fig. 52. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.* CHEXU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxin, figs. 1, la, !&. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. *Naryaron (Unio) crocatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. *Unio rosaceus CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1849, p. 153; *Anu. and Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 303; Ml. Acad. N. Sci., Phila., I, 1850, p. 275, pi. xxxvn, iig. 5. * Unio troostensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvin, fig. 210. * Unio affinis SOWERBY? Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIII, fig. 318. Atlantic drainage, from New England to the Ogeechee River, Georgia. tLAMPSILIS SPLENDIDUS Lea. * Unio 8plendidus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 70, pi. xix, fig. 61 ; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 70, pi. xix, fig. 61. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Naturg.,V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 237.* HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 55, pi. xn, fig. 2.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.--* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvn, figs. 7, la, 76.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxi, fig. 161.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P *:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Margarita ( Unio) splendidus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23 ; 1838, p. 18. * Margaron ( Unio) splendidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27 ; 1870, p. 42. * Unio regnlaris SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xxxiv, fig. 181. Altamaha and Ogeechee rivers, Georgia. LAMPSILIS DELUMBIS Conrad. 1 * Unio delunibis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 35, pi. v, fig. 3 ; p. 69. * FERUS- SAC, Guerin Mag.. 1835, p. 29. * MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 204. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 18, pi. n, fig. 10. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1857, p. 248. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Satn., Ill, 1890, p. 150. Small streams near Cooper River, South Carolina. tLAMPSILIS PEROVALIS Conrad. *Unio perovalis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 43, pi. n, fig. 2, p. 71. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 207. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191. *CATI.O\V and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 184">, p. 21, pi. i, fig. 2.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 257, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 2. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.E TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Margarita ( Unio) perocalis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. * Margaron ( Unio) perovalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27 ; 1870, p. 42. Alabama and Black Warrior rivers. 'This maybe a valid species, but it looks from the figure like an elongated ochraceus. 532 PROCEEDINGS or THE .v.ir/o.v.//. Mcs/:rM fLAMPSILIS PERPASTUS Lea. *Unio perpastus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 60; *J1. Ac. N. Soi. 1'hila., V, 1862, p. 69, pi. vn, fig. 219; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 73, pi. vn. tig. 219. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) perpastus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. Swamp Creek, Georgia; Coosa River, Alabama. tLAMPSILIS CLARKIANUS Lea. * Unio clarkianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.. X, 1852, p. 273, pi. xxi, fig. 30; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 29, pi. xxi, fig. 30. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. * Margaron ( Unio) clarkianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. *Wnio spillmanii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIII, 1861, p. 39; *.J1. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 98, pi. xv, fig. 246; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 102, pi. xv, fig. 246. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) spillmanii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. Williamsport, Tennessee; near Columbus, Mississippi; Cahawba and Black Warrior rivers, Alabama. tLAMPSILIS GERHARDTII Lea. *Tnio gerhardtii LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 168; *.T1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 208, pi. xxxi, fig. 277 ; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 30, pi. xxxi, fig. 277.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) gerhardtii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Chattanooga (river?), Georgia; Shorter, Alabama. tLAMPSILIS MULTIRADIATUS Lea. * Unio multiradiatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1829, p. 434, pi. IX, fig. 15 ; f Obs. I, 1834, p. 48, pi. ix, fig. 15.* CONRAD, N. F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 549 ; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 673.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190, pi. xxi, fig. 10.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nora., 1845, p. 61. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xn, figs. 2, 2a, 26.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXX, fig. 506a. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. * Margarita ( Unio) mnltiradiatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. * Margaron ( Unio) multiradiatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31 ; 1870, p. 42. * Unio fusciolus SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, Monography, III, 1836, p. 26, pi. xi, fig. 2. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 32, pi. v, fig. 4. * t Unio perradiatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 40 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 66, pi. vi, fig. 215; Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 70, pi. vi, fig. 215. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) perradiatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. * Unio aJt'lis, REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxm, fig. 109. * UnioperovaUs SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvm, fig. 209. Entire Ohio Eiver drainage; Southern Michigan; ~New York? (Mar- shall). HO. 1205. syyorsm OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 533 tLAMPSILIS DOLIARIS Lea. Unio doliaris LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XVII, 1865, p. 88; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p.260. pi. xxxn, tig. 75; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 20, pi. xxxn, fig. 75. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) doliaris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. Alabama and Tombigbee drainage. fLAMPSILIS BREVICULUS Call. * Unio breviculus CALL, Pr. U.S.Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 499, pi. xxvin; * Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 6, pi. xvn. tLAMPSILIS BREVICULUS var. BRITTSI Simpson. *Lamp8ili8 brittsi Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 76, pi. v, figs. 1, 2.' White and Current rivers, Arkansas; Texas County, Missouri. tLAMPSILIS BIANGULATUS Lea.- * Unio biangulatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 288 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 197, pi. ix, fig. 8; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 35, pi. ix, fig. 8.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 245. *CHENU. 111. Conch., 185S, pi. xxx, figs. 7, la, 7b. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 189, pi. LX, fig. 1; pi. LXI, fig. 1. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXX, tig. 421.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. Margaron ( Unio) biangulatus LEA Syn., 1852, p. 38, 1870, p. 61. Tennessee drainage. LAMPSILIS SUBVEXA Conrad. 3 *Anodonta subvexa CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 341, pi. I, fig. 1 ; *New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.* FKRUSSAC, Guer. Mag. 1835, p. 25. *MSLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 194. * CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. 1 At the time I published the L. brittsi I believed it to be a valid species. Since then I have seen additional material which seems to be a connecting link between it and L. brericttlus. I can not be certain as to the relationships of this form, which seems on the one hand to have characters belonging to the typical section of Lamp- silis and on the other to be related to L. spatulatits and L. pleasi. ' 2 The systematic position of this species is a little uncertain. In the form of the shell and the teeth it seems to belong in the Ventricosu* group, but the texture and broken rays apparently ally it to the Ligamentinu* group. The soft parts agree best with those of members of the former assemblage, so I place it here. 3 I do not know what this is, nor where it belongs, but it is certainly not a true Anodonta. The shell, according to Conrad's figure, is rayed throughout, and looks very much like a young U.ventricosus. He says that it has a callus resembling an incipient tooth; that it inhabits the Black Warrior River, and that it is very rare. It is just possible that it is related to some of the so-called Margaritanas of the Southern States, such as M. spillmani, but I think it more likely some young form of the I'r.iiirint8nn group in which the hinge has been injured. I place it here with the greatest hesitation. 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL U USE I'M. VGI..XXII. * Margarita (Anodonta) sulvexa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31. *Anodon subi-exa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p, 68. *Margaron (Anodonta) subvexa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 81. Black Warrior River, Alabama. Section EURYNIA Raflnesque, 1820. (Type, Unio recta Lamarck.) Shell oval to oblong; beak sculpture delicate, doubly looped ; mantle double edged and often toothed below; that of the female sometimes developed into a thickened flap at the post base. 1 (Group of Lampsilis luteolus.) Shell shining, generally rayed; beak sculpture often broken, with the posterior loop open behind; pseudocardinals rather small, com- pressed, smooth inside, and often curved slightly upward. f LAMPSILIS LUTEOLUS Lamarck. * Unio luteola LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 79. *DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed. VI, 1835, p. 544; 3d ed. II, 1839, p. 671. * Unio luteolus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192. *DE KAY, Zool. of New York, Pt. 5, 1843, p. 190, pi. xx, fig. 241. * HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pi. xxm, fig. 16. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 60. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,A T I, 1853, p. 251. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LVIII, fig. 293, 293a, 293ft. *LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. Nat. Club, 1882, p. 51. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List. 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158.* CALL, Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Lonis, VII, 1895, p. 25, pi. in. *Maryarita (Unio) luteolus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. * Maryaron (Unio) luteoliis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. * Lampsilis luteolus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 103, pis. xi, xxxvn, fig. 12. *Unio inflatus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 266.* CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 69. * Mya infiata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. * Unio siliquoideus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 269, pi. xm, tig. 150 (out- line). *FERUSSAC, Guer.Mag., 1835, p. 27. * CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 22, pi. x, fig. 1. *C. B. ADAMS, Thompson's Hist, of Vermont, 1842, p. 167; F. W. and L. S. of Vermont, p. 17, 1842. * Unio siliquoides KUSTEU, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 30, pi. v, fig. 2. * Mya siliquoidea, EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. * Lamptfilis siliquoidea STIMPSON, Shells of New Eng., 1851, p. 14. * Unio clnldreni HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pi. xxm, tig. 57. * Unio hydianua KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 201, pi. LXVII, fig. 1. - * Unio distans ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 156, pi. xm, tig. 2. *B. II. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * Unio multiradiatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXI, tig. 306. '' * Cnio affinis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 18n8, pi. LXI, fig. 307. 1 Lea has figured a female animal of L. radiatus in Observations II, pi. xv, which has a curious, winglike projection on the mantle at its posterior base. - There are two figures; the first is luteolus, the second is hydianu*. 'Changed in errata to luteolus. The figure 306a, pi. LXX, is a genuine multiradiatus. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 535 tLAMPSILIS LUTEOLUS var. ROSACEUS De Kay. * Unio roa'ticeus DE KAY, Zool. of New York, V, 1843. p. 19:.'. pi. xxxix, tigs. 355, 356; pi. XL, iig. 357.' CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. ' Entire Mississippi drainage, southwest to the Brazos River, Texas; St. Lawrence drainage; entire Dominion of Canada east of the Rocky Mountains; the variety romceus in the St. Lawrence area. t LAMPSILIS SUPERIORENSIS Marsh. 2 * Unio superiorensis MARSH, Naut., X, 1897, p. 103, pi. i, figs. 1, 2, 5. Upper Great Lakes region. t LAMPSILIS BOREALIS A. F. Gray."- * Unio boreali* A. I". CRAY, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, 1882, p. 53, pi., 3 figures. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Lower St. Lawrence drainage, to Lake Michigan; Lake of the Woods. tLAMPSILIS RADIATUS Gmelin. " Mya radiata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1792, p. 3220." Wooi>, Gen. Couch., I, 1815, p. 109.* DILLWYN, Cat. I, 1817, p. 51.* WOOD, Index Test. 2d ed., 1825, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 2.* EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220. * HANLEY, Index Test., 3d ed., 1856, p. 16, pi. n, fig. 32. * Unio radiata LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73. *DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. desVers., II, 1830, p. 581; *An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 535; 3d ed., 1839, p. 668. < HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212. l.ampsilis radiata STIMPSON, N. Eng. Shells, 1851, p. 13. * Unio radiatus SPEXGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk.,V, 1792, p. 3; III, 1793, p. 62.* CON- RAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. * CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 24, pi. x, fig. 2. * SOWERBY, Rich. Faun. Bore- ali Am., Ill, 1836, p. 316. * GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 110, fig. 73.; 1870, p. 170, fig. 474.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 63. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1852, p. 29, pi. v, fig. 1. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, p. 27, pi. xxvn, fig. 139. *HARTMAX and MICHE- NER, Couch. Cest., 1874, p. 87, fig. 182.* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. Nat. Club, 1882, p. 50. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *H. CARPENTER, Naut,, IV, 1890, p. 22.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sara., Ill, 1890, p. 165. * Margarita ( Unio) radiatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. Marrjaroii ( Unio) radiatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 44. 1 f'nio pictorum tennis India-, etc. CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., 1788, p. 23, pi. II, fig. 7. 1 The type of De Kay's variety is a delicate shell with peculiarly pallid brown epidermis, slightly rayed, and having a rose-colored nacre. This form is often desti- tute of the fine tinting of the nacre, and sometimes becomes quite dark, even bronzy or- brownish black. It is common in the lakes of the St. Lawrence drainage. -This and L. borealis A. F. Gray are doubtful species which seem to stand between L. luteolus and radiatus. This form is nearer Juteolun, while Gray's species approaches more nearly to radiatus. '> In Latchford's Notes on Ottawa 1'nionidui. 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIOXAI. MUSEUM. * Unio virginiana LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI. 1819, p. 79. * DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pi. xn, fig. ' I'nio lineata VALENCIENNES, EIR-. Meth., II, 1827, p. 151, pi. ccxLvm, fig. 5. * Cnio elongata GOODRICH, 111. Nat. Hist., II, 1829, p. 523, fig. I'nio lenebrosrts CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 42, pi. MI, fig. 1; p. 72. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen. 1836, p. 207. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, pi. n, fig. 5. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. I'nio meZin MS CONRAD, Monog. XI, 1838, p. 101, pi. LV, tig. 1. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 467. * I'nio mellinus PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. * Cnio boydianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,VIII, 1843, p. 216, pi. xvi, fig. 32; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 54, pi. xvi, fig. 22.* DE KAY, Zool. of New York, Pt. 5, 1843, p. 189. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 245. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * C'HExr, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxii, tigs. 2, 2a, 26. * B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * Margaron (Unio) boydianns LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 62. * Unio crassus KUSTER, Couch. Cab. Unio., 1854, p. 113, pi. xxxi, fig. 5. * Mya oblongata, WOOD, Index Test., 1856, p. 199, pi. i; Supplement, tig. 2. * Unio obliqniradiatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxix, fig. 151. *P.E- TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. fLAMPSILIS RADIATUS var. CONSPICUUS Lea. * Unio conspicuus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 34, pi. xi, fig. 31; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 38, pi. xi, fig. 31.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. St. Lawrence drainage; Manitoba; Atlantic region south to North Carolina (var. conspicuus in North Carolina and southern Virginia). Gould ' reports L. radiatus from the north shore of Lake Superior, and there is a shell in the TJ. S. National Museum from the northwest boundary of Wisconsin which is probably this species. fLAMPSILIS HYDIANUS Lea. * Unio liydianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 14, pi. vi, fig. 14; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 14, pi. vi, fig. 14. * TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., VII, 1839, p. 234. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pi. xxm, fig. 6. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60. * KUSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 201, pi. LXVII, fig. 2.* CHK.NU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvn, fig. 3, 3a, 3ft ; pi. xxiv, figs. 7, 7o, 75. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvn, fig. 203. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * Margarita ( Unio) liydianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. * Margaron ( Unio) hydianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. * Unioplacitus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; 2 *Tr. Am. Phil. -Sue., 1852. p. 279, pi. xxm, tig. 38; * Obs.,V, 1852, p. 35, pi. xxm, fig. 38. * COM:AI>, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1838, p. 255. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 262, pl.LXXXVin, tig. 2. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 163. * Margaron ( Unio) placitus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. Eastern half of Texas; Indian Territory; Arkansas; east to Ala- bama. 'Agassi/, Lake Superior, p. 245. -Merely a young hydianus. NO. 12U5. s Yyoi'SIS 01-' THE yj I A l)E8SIMPSuy. 537 tLAMPSILIS APPROXIMUS Lea. 1 * I 'tiio approj.-imun LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164 ; " Tr. Am. Pliil. Soc., X , 1848. p. 74, pi. v, fig. 13; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 48, pi. v, fig. 13. * Cox HAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 245. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll. ,11, 1857, p. 493.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. ' .tlargaron (Unio) approximus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. Southeru Louisiana; southern Alabama. t LAMPSILIS AFFINIS Lea.- I nwaffinisL,KA,VT. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1855, p. 271, pi. xix, tig. 26; * Obs.,V, 1852, p. 27, pi. xix, fig. 26. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.^ H. H. WHIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. Margaron ( I'nio) a$ni* LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. Louisiana. LAMPSILIS CONTRARIUS Conrad. 3 I'tiio contrarius CONRAD, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1, 1850, p. 276, pl.x:;xvn, fig. 7. Ogeechee Kiver, Georgia. (Locality doubtful.) tLAMPSILIS CLAIBORNENSIS Lea. I'nio claihornentiisLEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 105, pi. xxiv, fig. 115; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 105, pi. xxiv, fig. 115. *TROSCHKL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, pi. u, p. 237.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pi. xxi, fig. 26. " CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 57. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxm, figs. 3, 3a, 36. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXX, fig. 357.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Margarita ( Unio) claibornensis LEA, Sjn., 1838, p. 19. *Margaron (Unio) claibornensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. t* Unio oUusus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 201, pi. xi, fig. 13; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 39, pi. XL, fig. 13. * Cox- RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *CHENU, 111. Conch. If58, pi. xxxi, figs. 2, 2a, 26. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvi, tig. 129. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. *Margaron (Unio) obttisua LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. * Unio pallescenx LEA/ Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 79, pi. vn, tig. 20; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 79, pi. VII, fig. 20. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 1 Probably only a thin, slightly rayed or rayless variety of L. hydianiis. 2 1 doubt if this is distinct from Jpprojrintiis. :J Dr. Lea places this in the synonymy of Unio lecontlanux Lea. I have never seen an authentic shell, but the figure given by Conrad in the Journal seems to me more like Lampsilis obtusns, and I am inclined to think it is a small male specimen of this f-pecies having reversed laterals. There is only a single specimen in the Lea collection, the type, an old, rather thin, eroded, large shell, in had condition, but which, I feel sure, is claibornensis. 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. II, 1857, p. 494.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. Maryarw ( Unio) pallescens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. Gulf drainage of the United States, from the Flint to the Pearl River. t LAMPSILIS PORPHYREUS Lea.' I'nio porphi/reus LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 60; * .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phihi., V, 1862. p. 80, pi. x, fig. 228; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 84, pi. x, fig. 228. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Manjtiron (Unio) porphyreus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. Cahawba and Ooosa rivers, Alabama. t LAMPSILIS STRAMINEUS Conrad. * Unio stramineus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 339, pi. i, fig. 6; * New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * M>LLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 198. * CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 91, pi. L, fig. 1. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209, pi. xxm, fig. 45. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. * CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *SOWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxix, fig. 217, 1868, pi. j,xxx, fig. 422. ^B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Margarita (Unio) stramineus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. * Margaron ( Unio) stramineus LEA, Syn , 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 35. Southern Alabama, southern Mississippi. t LAMPSILIS REEVIANUS Lea. * Unio reerianm LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 272, pi. xx, fig. 28; *Obs.. V, 1852, p. 28, pi. xx, fig. 28.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 247, pi. LXXXIII, fig. 2. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. *Margaron ( Unio) reevianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28 ; 1870, p. 44. Louisiana; Texas; Arkansas. f LAMPSILIS POWELLII Lea. * Unio powellii LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1853, p. 270, pi. xix, fig. 25; *0bs., V, 1852, p. 26, pi. xix, fig. 25. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *MUSGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. n, fig. 8. *Sow- ERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXX, fig. 359.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. *Mar(jaron ( Unio) powellii LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. Salina and Clinton, Arkansas; Guadalupe River, Texas; Spring River, Kansas (Cragin). 'I am a little uncertain as to where this species should be placed, as I have only seen the two specimens in the Lea collection, which arc very poor and distorted. The uacre is purple. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES-SIMPSOX. 539 (Group of Lampsilis iiyamentinun.} Shell solid, evenly elliptical, not greatly inflated, witli a yellowish green epidermis, with broad, usually broken, dark-green rays; beaks not prominent, sculpture fine, restricted in area, pseudocardinals rather small, stumpy; nacre silvery or rarely pinkish. The female shell is not greatly swollen in the post basal region. tLAMPSILIS LIGAMENTINUS Lamarck. 1 Unio crassus SAY, Nich. Eiicyc., II, 1816, pi. i, fig. 8. *RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 293." HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 278, fig. 1. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192. *CATLO\V and REEVE. Conch. Xom., 1845, p. 58. -* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XL, fig. 220.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. "Margarita (Unio) crassus LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 24; 1838, i>. 11>. * Mya crassa EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 217. * Cnio Hgamentlna LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d. ed.,VI, 1835, p. 533; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668. * Unio ligamentinus KUSTEK, Couch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 23, pi. in, fig. 3. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 43.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, ]890, p. 157. "CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, p. 22, pi. xxi. * Margaron (Unio) Uijdiiteiitinits LEA, Syn., 1859, p. 28; 1870, p43. * Lantpsilis It ;/ amen Hint s BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 108, pi. x vi. * SMITH, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pi. LXXIX. * Lnio elliplicua BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 259, pi. xin, fig. 19 (outline). * HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 278. *Mya elliplica EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219. * rnio carinatus BAHNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823. p. 259, pi. xi, fig. 10. *Mya carinata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220. *Unio eUipsariim SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * Unio fasciatus SAY, Am. Concb., VI. 1834. *CONI:AD, Monog., 1835, p. 3, pi. i. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.* POTIKZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, 153, pi. LVIII, tig. 5. * KUSTER, Couch. Cab., 1852, p. 31, pi. v, fig. 3. ~Mya grans WOOD, Ind. Test. (Hanley) 1856, p. 199, pi. i, fig. 6. * Unio grari* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Unio hiteolns SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LVIII, tig. 293a. *r/\VERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 186 s *, pi. LXII, fig. 312. * Unio piclus SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXII, fig. 313. * Unio venitstun SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIV, fig. 326. * Unio upsoni MARSH, Couch., Ex. 1, 1887, p. 51. 2 B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 1 Say's name crasstis applied to this before that of Lamarck was used by Retzius previously for a European Unio. 2 Tbe description was read before the Mercer County, Illinois, Scientific and His- torical Society March 2, 1880. Mr. Marsh had copies of the description published and thinks that the species was described on the records. It was not figured 540 I'lUH'EElHyuS <>!' THE XATIONAL MUM I'M. tLAMPSILIS LIGAMENTINUS var. GIBBUS Simpson. 1 *Unio crassus SOWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcv, fig. 520. Mississippi River drainage generally; southern Michigan; western New York; Manitoba; Ontario; the variety from the Ohio River southward. tLAMPSILIS ORBICULATUS Hildreth. * Unio orbiculatus HILDKETU, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 284. *HANLKY,Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pi. xxi, fig. 2. *CATLOW ami KEKVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 62. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 216, pi. LXXI, figs. 3, 4. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLIV, fig. 239. *CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 44. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * Margarita ( Unio) orbiculatus LKA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. *Margaron ( Unio) orbiculatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 43. * Unio abruptus SAY, Am. Conch., No. II, 1831, pi. xvn. *CONRAI>, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. (57. *CHKNU, Bib. Couch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 24, pi. vi, figs. 1, la, Ib. *DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1335, p. 555;* 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 674. * Unio cyclips FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. * Unio crassus CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 34, pi. x vi. Ohio and Cumberland rivers; west to the Mississippi River; north to Minnesota. Some specimens can hardly be separated from L. higfjinsii. tLAMPSILIS HIGGINSII Lea.- * Unio higginsii LEA, Pr. Ac, N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 84; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, V, 1862, p. 188, pi. xxiv, fig. 258; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 10, pi. xxiv, fig. 258. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.. XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXII, fig. 431. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * Margaron (Unio) higginsii LEA, Syn., '870, p. 41. Ohio River, west to Iowa, and southwest to Kansas. tLAMPSILIS PINGUIS Lea. 1 Unio'pinguis LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 78, pi. xv, fig. 58; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 78, pi. xv, fig. 58. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) pinguls LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 44. St. Peters River, Minnesota. Doubtful. 'A peculiarly humped form of ligamentinui, common throughout the, southern range of the species, may bear the above name. 2 A somewhat puzzling species, of which male specimens often approach closely to Obovaria ellipsis in form, but the pseudo cardinals are always stumpy and never longi- tudinal, as they generally are in that genus. It is probably an aberrant form, closely related to L. orbiculatus. The females are more inflated in the postbasal region than in any other member of the group. 3 I have seen only one specimen of this, the type, which in an exceedingly puzzling form. The hinge line is injured and curves in strongly in front of the beaks, where there is a large, irregular liimile. and the pscudoeardiuuls are compressed. It may be a young, diseased orbiculatua. NO. IMS. svynrsis OF TIII: NAIADES siMrsox. 541 t LAMPSILIS T^ENIATUS Conrad. * Unto tvniatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, pp. 26, 72, pi. iv, fig. 2.' *FERTTS- SAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. MOLLKR, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 201.* HANI.E Y, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191 ; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 15. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. *CoN- RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 271, pl.xci, fig. 4. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( Unio) tcvniatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. * Unio taniatm P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Unio menkianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1836, p. 76, pi. xix, fig. 59; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 76, pi. xix, fig. 59. * TROSCHEL, Arch. fiirNaturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 237. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pi. xxiu, fig. 4. *CATLOW and REEVE, Couch. Nom., 1845, p. 61. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xix, figs. 4, 4a, 46. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 245, pi. LXXXII, fig. 3.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, pi. xxvin, fig. 140.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. * Margarita ( Unio) menkianus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 19. *Margaron ( Unio) menkitmns LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. * t'niopulcher'LKA., Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 6, pi. m, fig. 6; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 6, pi. in, fig. 6. 'TROSCHEL, Arch. fiirNaturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.* HAN- LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, .p. 193, pi. xxm, fig. 7. ''CAT- LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, j>. 63. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *CHENU,I11. Conch., 1858, pi. xvn,figs. 2, 2a, 26. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 193, pi. LXI, fig. 5. *E. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. 'Margarita ( Unio) pulcher LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. *Margaron ( Unio) pulcher LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. * Unio interrupt LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 15, pi. vi, fig. 15 ; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 15, pi. vi, fig. 15. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pi. xxi, fig. 28.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* CHENU, 111. Conch, 1858, pi. xvn, figs. 4, 4a, 46.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( Unio) interrupts LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. * Margin-on ( Unio) interntptus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27 ; 1870, p. 43. *Unio latiradiatus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 96, pi. LIII; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. * KUSTER, Couch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 208, pi. LXIX, fig. 3. P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. *Unio tennesseensis LEA, 2 Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 199, pi. x, tig. 11 ; 3 *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 37, pi. x, fig. 11. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *CHENC, 111. Couch., 1858, pi. xxvn, figs. 1, la, 16. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. *Margaron (Unio) iennesseensia LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. * Unioperdix REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvm, fig. 82. Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. 1 Lea places this species in the synonymy of his Unio interruptus, in the Synopsis. The latter was not published until 1838. 8 The type is an old female tceniatus, very solid, and but slightly rayed. 3 Lea states in the above citation that this species has radial beak sculpture. The beaks of his type are slightly eroded, having the appearance of somewhat rayed ridges, and I have seen the same thing in the eroded beaks of Unio rotundatus Lamarck, but it is not true beak sculpture. Many Unios when decomposing exhibit throughout their shells a somewhat radial structure, and that is what is shown in this case. 542 nuH'EKi>is<:s <>r THE \.ITHL\AJ. .w.wj/. VOL.XXH t LAMPSILIS PICTUS Lea. pictits LEA. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V., 1834, p. 73, pi. XI, fig. 36; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 185, pi. xi, lig. 52.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mug., 1835, p. 29.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pi. xxm, fig. 35. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nora., 1845, p. 62. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853. p. 255. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. s KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 249, pi. LXXXIII, fig. 5.* 11. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. Ifi3. * Margarita ( Unio) pictus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. *Margaron (Unio) pictus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. \*Unio Hndsleyi LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 351, pi. LVIII, fig. 176; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 33, pi. LVIII, fig. 176.* SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLII, fig. 2336.* B. H. WRIGHT, - CheckList, 1888.* P.*:TKL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. *Margaron ( Unio) Hndsleyi LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. * Unio camelopardalis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLII, fig. 233o. Harpeth River, Tennessee. t* LAMPSILIS CAMELOPARDILIS Lea. 1 *Unio camelopardilis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, I860, p. 92; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 355, pi. LIX, fig. 180 ; ; ' Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 37, pi. LIX, fig. 180. * B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* PYETBL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. *^fargaron (Unio) camelopardilis, LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 53. t * Unio fiicatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phiia., IV, 1860, p. 92; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 353, pi. LIX, fig. 178; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 35, pi. LIX, fig. 178. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Mnr'->/.wsoA r . 543 Pr. Ac, X. 8<-i. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254. 15. II. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam. ,111, 1890, p. 162. * Margarita (Unio) pectorosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23, 1838, p. 18. Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. tLAMPSILIS BRACTEATUS Gould. *Unlo Iracteatus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., V, 1855, p. 228; *Otia Conch., 1862, p. 217.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Maryaron ( Unio) bracteatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. Llanos, Guadalupe, and Colorado rivers, Texas. tLAMPSILIS VENUSTUS Lea. *Unio renustus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 4, pi. n, fig. 4; *Obs., II 1838, p. 4, pi. n, fig. 4.* TUOSCHEL, Arch. frir. Naturg., V, 1839, II, p. 233. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pi. xxiu, fig. 5. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxn, figs. 1, la, 16. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll. ,11, 1857, p. 495. * B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. * CALL, Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 1895, p. 57. "Margarita ( Unio) venustus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. *Margaron ( Unio) venustus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. Potosi, Missouri. (Group of Lampsilis anodontoides.) Shell elongated, inflated, moderately solid, sharply pointed behind; that of the female much produced at the posterior base, behind which it is diagonally truncate; epidermis very bright, smooth and shining, but feebly rayed; beaks not prominent, marked with very delicate regular sculpture, the posterior loop often open behind; pseudocardi- nals smooth, generally compressed; nacre shining, white or purplish. Animal with the marsupium very distinct and well rounded below ; inner edge of the mantle usually beautifully and evenly toothed behind. tLAMPSILIS ANODONTOIDES Lea. t*E7nio anodontoides LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 81, pl.vm, fig. 11; *Obs.,I, 1834, p. 91, pi. vin, fig. 11. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xiv, figs. 3, 3a, 36.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xix, tig. 87.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * SIMPSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 430, pi. LXXI, fig. 7 ; LXXII, figs. 1, 2, 4. * Margarita ( Unio) anodontoides LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 24. *Mar;/aron ( Unio) anodontoides LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 58. ^Lampsilis anodontoides BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1^98, p. 100, pi. x, figs. 1, 2.* SMITH, Bull. U. S. Fish Com. 1899, p. 290, pi. LXXVIII. *?Unio < !:/; in \<;s or THE \.ITIO\AL MUSEUM. [VOL.XXH. fLAMPSILIS ANODONTOIDES var. FLORIDENSIS Lea. / >iio Jlorulaixis LEA,' Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 274, pi. xxi, fig. 31 ; s Obs., V, 1852, p. 30, pi. xxi, fig. 31. * COXRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1?C>:5, p. 249. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List. 1888.' P.^TEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 152. *Margaron (Unio) floridensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. Entire Mississippi River drainage except (probably) tbe upper Mis- souri. All tbe Gulf drainage from tbe \VithIacoochee Kiver, Florida, to tbe Bio Grande, and into Mexico. fLAMPSILIS FALLACIOSUS (Smith) Simpson. 2 *Unio anodontoides REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxi, iig. 97. v CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1874, p. 41. *LampsiUs anodontoides BAKKR, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, pi. x, Hg. 3. :i * Unio oriens SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., 1868, pi. LXIII, fig. 314. * Lampsilis fallaciosits SMITH, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pi. LXXIX. " SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 74, pi. n, fig. 5. Upper Mississippi drainage; south to tbe Cumberland River, Ten nessee, and to Arkansas; Red Kiver of tbe North? f LAMPSILIS VIRESCENS Lea.< * Unio virescens LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., II, 1858, p. 40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1860, p. 341, pi. LV, fig. 166; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 23, pi. LV, fig. 166.* B. H' WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) virescens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. Tennessee Kiver in northern Alabama. tLAMPSILIS AUSTRALIS Simpson. * Lampsilis australis SIMPSON, 5 Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 75, pi. n, fig. 2. Little Patsaliga Creek, southeastern Alabama. t LAMPSILIS RECTUS Lamarck. * Unio recta LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74. * VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 234, pi. LIV, fig. 1.* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2/:* sv.i/v.s'o.v. 545 " I'nio (Li(/umia) recta SWAIXSON. Treat, on Mai.. 1X10, pp. 267, 274, fig. LV. Unio reclus SHORT and EATON, Transylvania .11., 1831, p. 77. * CONRAD, New F. \V. Shells, 1834, p. 71." SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. *CONRAD, Mouog., Ill, 1836, p. 33, pi. xv. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204.* C. B. ADAMS, Thompson's Hist, of Vt., 1842, p. 167; * V. W. and L. Sh. of Vermont, 1842, p. 17. * HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204. * DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 195.* POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, II, p. 149, pi. LVII, figs. 3, 4. * CATLOAV and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63. * KTSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 35, pi. vi, fig. 1; vn, fig. 1.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. *CiiENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 139, fig. 675. REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xix, fig. 86. * CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac., 1X71, p. 44. LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 50.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165.* CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci., St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 43, pi. vn. *Maryarita (Unio) rectus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. *Margaron (Unio) rectus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 57. *Lampsilis rectus SMITH, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 290, pi. LXXVIII. t* Unio latissima RAI INESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brnx., Pt. 13, V, 1820, p. 297, pi. LXXX, figs. 14, 15. * lUnio prcelongus BARNES,' Am. .11. of Sci., VI, 1823, p. 261, pi. xm, fig. 11. * HILDRETH, Am. .11. of Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 286, fig. 18. * Mya prcelonga EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220. WOOD, Ind. Test (Han- ley), 1856, p. 200, pi. i, Supp., fig. 11. * Knrynea pralonga STIMTSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 13. t* Unio mgeri CONRAD, Mouog., VI, 1836, p. 53, pi. xxix. fig. 1. * tUnio arquatus- CONRAD, .11. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 297. pi. xxvi, fig. 8. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Entire Mississippi drainage; Alabama River drainage; Red River of the North ; St. Lawrence system. DeCamp's Unio anodontoides, reported from Michigan, is a tawny colored variety of this species according to Walker. (Group of Lampsilis nasutus.} Shell elongated, thin, compressed, with a distinct posterior ridge, and drawn out to a long, pointed beak behind; epidermis rather dull, olive green, and feebly rayed; beaks low, sculptured with fine, close set ridges, which are slightly looped in front and are parallel with the axis of the shell behind; hinge teeth delicate and compressed; nacre bluish; female shell not greatly produced in the post-basal region. Animal with the raarsupium often occupying the greater part of the length of the outer gills posteriorly; inner gills free or united to the abdomi- nal sac. fLAMPSILIS NASUTUS Say. Unio nasutus SAY, Nich. Encyc., 1st ed., 1816, pi. iv, fig. 1. * SWAINSON, Zool. 111., Istser., 1,1821, pi. LVII. *CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. *FERUSSAC, Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 26.* CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 38, pi. xvm, fig. 1, Barnes only gives an outline of his shell, which appears to me more like his U. gibbosus than rectus. However in deference to the opinions of Hildreth, Lea, and others, I place it in the synonymy of L. rectus. Hildreth's description answers fairly well to rectns, and it was submitted to Barnes for his inspection. 2 Lea believes this to be a distorted reclns. I am not quite certain of it. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 35 546 PitorEKnixnf! or TTTE NATIONAL part. 1 * GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 109, iig. 71. *INNEY, Gould's Inv., 1870, p. 169, fig. 473.- *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206.* DK KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 191, pi. xx, fig. 239.* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206. CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845. p. 61. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 252.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kcc. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 223, pi. LXXV, fig. 4. * REEVE, Conch. Icon.. XVI, 1865, pi. xxi, fig.94. *HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 70, fig. 186. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *H. CAKPEXTKR. Nant., Ill, 1889, p. 94.* P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. * Margarita ( Unio) nasiitus LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 37 ; 1838, p. 24. *Margaron ( Unio) nasutns LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60. *Unio nasuta LAMARCK, An. aans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75. *DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI. 1835, p. 538; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669. HANLKY. Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208 ; * Bi v. Shells, 1843, p. 208. *Myanasnta EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 218. * WOOD. Indox Test.(Hanley), 1856, p. 199, pi. i, Supp., fig. 4. * Kurynea nasula AGASSIZ, Shells of New ttng., 1851, p. 13; Arch, fiir Natnrg., I, 1852, p. 45. 11 Unio rostrata VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 233, pi. LIII, fig. 3. * Fnio vanglianianus SOWERHY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXI, fig. 308. St. Lawrence drainage; streams flowing into the Atlantic south to North Carolina. (Group of LampsiUa aubrostratus.) Shell elliptical to elongate, distinctly pointed behind, the point well above the middle of the height, that of the female conspicuously swollen at the posterior base and obliquely truncated behind; epider- mis varying from olive to brown, generally more or less rayed and slightly roughened; beaks not prominent, sculptured with fine, deli- cate, parallel bars, which are somewhat looped in front and generally descend obliquely behind ; pseudocardinals usually compressed ; nacre bluish to purple. Animal with inner gills often more or less free from the abdominal sac ; posterior base of mantle of female generally toothed. fLAMPSILIS SUBROSTRATUS Say. Fnio subrostratus SAY, N. Harmony Diss., Jan. 15, 1831; *Aiu. Conch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. *L. W. SAY, Terr, and Fluv, Shells, 1840, p. 7.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258. KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 203, pi. LXVIII. * LEWIS, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1878, p. 273. * CALL, Am. Nat., XIII, p. 392. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.KTEL, Conch., Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Unio nashrillianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 100, pi. xiv, fig. 43; Obs., I, 1834, p. 212, pi. xiv, fig. 43. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pi. xxm, fig. 31. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 6L * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 224, pi. LXXVI, figs. 1, 2. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxx, tig. 158. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll.. II, 1857, p. 494. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. ' 1 Conrad gives three figures under fig. 1. The first and second are r.Jixhcrianu*; the third is a female nasutus. No.1205. ftvxorsfs or THE \.tLtnEs-snrrsoy. 547 * Margarita ( Unio) iKishrillianus LKA, >Syu., 18ot>, p. 26; 1*38, p. 20. *Margaron (Unio) naslirillianns LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 29. * Margaron ( Unio) naslivilliensis LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 45. t* Unio mississippien sis CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 277, pi. xxxvm, fig. 11. * CONRAD, Pr. 'Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 245, pi. LXX XII, fig. 3. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xix, fig. 85. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. "Margaron ( Unio) mississippicnsis LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 60. Tnio rittersrillensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phil a., Ill, 1859, p. 155; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 355. pi. i.x, fig. 181; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 38, pi. i.x, fig. 181.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) rulers riUensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. \*Unio lopekaensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 313, ph.xux, fig. 126; *Obs v XII, 1869, p. 73, pi. XLIX, fig. 126. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) topekaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. * Unio cocoduensis REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. 24. fig. 117. Entire -Mississippi drainage north to about latitude 41. Eastern half of Texas. f*LAMPSILIS LIENOSUS Conrad. -Unio lienosits CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 339, pi. i, fig. 4; *New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * CONRAD, Monog. VII, 1836, p. 60, pi. xxxiv, fig. 2.* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 197. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pi. xxi, fig. 32. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 67, pi. xvi, fig. 3.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxn, tig. 166; 1868, pi. LXXV, fig. 388. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. *Margari1a ( Unio) lienosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. * Margaron (Unio) lienosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. *Unio saxeus CONRAD, Monog., XII, 1840, p. 109, pi. LX, fig. 1; Pr. Ac. N. Sci.. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.KTEL, Conch.. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. * Margaron ( Unio) saxeus LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. * Unio caliginotius LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 165 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 79, pi. vn, fig. 21; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 53, pi. vn, fig. 21. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 180, pi. LVI, fig. 7. * B.H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * Margaron ( Unio) caliginosits LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. * Unio fontanus CONRAD,' Am. Jl. Sci., II, 1866, p. 279, pl.xv, fig. 13. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. LAMPSILIS LIENOSUS var. UNICOSTATUS B. H. Wright. * Unio unicostatus B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 69. Lower Mississippi Kiver drainage north to the lower Ohio; east to southwest Georgia. 'The characters are poor in the indifferent type in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, but I believe that it is a Lampsilis lienosus. 548 VEOCEEIUXO* or ////; X.ITIOX.U. .v />/; r.u. tLAMPSILIS CONCESTATOR Lea. / nio concestator LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31; ' Jl. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 66, pi. xn,fig. 48; * Obs.,VI, Is.X, p. 66, pi. xn. fig. 48. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 178, pi. i.vi. fig. 3. *RKEVK. Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvi, fig. 128. "B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S.Nat. Mu., XVI, 1892, p. 416, pi. LVIIJ, figs. 2-4. ~ Margaron ( Unio) concestator LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. t*Vnioinferce. 271, pi. x\, fig. 27; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 27, pi. xx, tig. 27. *CONRAI>, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Re<-. Moll.. II, 1857, p. 494. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. P.ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 164. "Margaron ( Unio) proximus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29 ; 1870, p. 45. Unlo tenerus SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 416, pi. LVIII, figs. 5 and 8. 1 Neuse River, North Carolina; south to north Florida; west to the Ktowah Elver, Georgia; Duck River, Tennessee. t LAMPSILIS CONSTRICTUS Conrad. * Unio Iieno8ii8 var. constrictus CONRAD, Monog. X, 1838, p. 91, pi. XLIX, fig. 4. *Unio constrictus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll. II, 1857, p. 493. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 464. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PJCTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. *Margaron ( Unio) constrictus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. * I'nio genthii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 85; * Jl. Ac. N. ,sci. Phila., 1862. p. 57, pi. n, fig. 204; *Obs. VIII, 1862, p. 61, pi. n, fig. 204. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. "Margaron ( Unio) genihii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. James River, Virginia; south to South Carolina; Floyd County, northwest Georgia; northern Alabama; Tennessee. t LAMPSILIS APICINUS Lea. I'nio icinii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 32; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 76, pi. xiv, fig. 56; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 76, pi. xiv, fig. 56.^-*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margarm( I'nio) apidnna LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44. Othcalooga Creek, Gordon County, Georgia. t LAMPSILIS OCCIDENTALIS Conrad. * Unio occidentalis CONRAD, Monog., VII, 1836, p. 64, pi. xxxvi, fig. 1; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. *H. and A. AJDAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. *Mar. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 287, pi. xcvi, fig. 5.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. ' * Margaron ( Unio) fatuus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. * i'nio dactylus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 196, pi. ix. fig. 7; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 34, pi. ix, fig. 7.* COXRAD, Pr. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxx, tigs. 5, 5, 56. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) dactylus LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 57. Tennessee Kiver system. One shell from Beaver River, Pennsyl- vania seems to be this. LAMPSILIS PLANICOSTATUS Lea. rnio planlcoatatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 354, pi. LIX, fig. 179; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 36, pi. LIX, fig. 179._* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) planicostalus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. Warren County, Kentucky; Clinch River, Tennessee; Tuscumbia, Alabama. tLAMPSILIS NEBULOSUS Conrad.- * Unionebulosus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 28, pi. in, fig.7; p.70. * FERUS- SAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *MtfLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 202. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st. ser., Ill, 1845, p. 16, pi. i, fig. 4.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. * Margarita Unio) cumberlandianux LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 27; 1838, p. 20. *" Margaron ( Unio) cicmberlandianm LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30. t* Unio cumberlandicusiiEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 25, pi. vn, fig. 19; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 25, pi. vii, fig. 19.* TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842,p. 191 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195, pi. xxn, fig. 59. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. 'It is doubtful whether this is more than a variety of the preceding. In general, it has a rather more cylindrical shell, less rayed, and more decidedly and suddenly thickened in trout than iris, but there are intermediate forms. '-After carefully comparing again and again large series of specimens, I confess that I can not possibly separate the large number of so-called species I have united under this, the oldest name. It may seem a little strange that a species should be found in the Ohio River area and Gulf drainage, but recent research has proven that a large number of our common Upper Mississippi Valley and Ohio River forms are found in the Coosa, Alabama, Black Warrior, and adjoining streams. There is some variation in the brightness of the painting of a number of these so-called species, and in the form of diiferent specimens, but no more than is found in many other abundant, widely-distributed forms, and the figure on pi. in of the New Fresh-water Shells fairly well represents tlio general manifestation of the males of this species. 554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * CIIKNU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxiv, figs. 1, la, 15. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvi, fig. 197.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. * Margaron ( Unio) cumberlandicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. t * Un'w notatus LEA,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,VI, 1838, p. 28, pl.vm, fig.22 ; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 28, pi. vni, fig. 22. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pi. xxm, fig. 9. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nona., 1845, p. 61. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxi, figs. 3, 3a, 3b. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * Margarita ( Unio) notatua LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 19. * Manjaron ( Unio) notatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. t* Unio glaber LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 34, pi. X, fig. 29; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 34, pi. x, fig. 29.* TROSCHEL, Arch. fur. Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 236.^ HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196; *Biv. Moll., 1843, p. 196, pi. xxm, fig. 2. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 59. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. X. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxiv, figs. 3, 3a, 36. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXV, fig. 452.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PJTEL, Conch. Sam., 111,1890, p. 153. * Margarita ( Unio) glaber LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 20. * Margaron ( Unio) glaber LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31 ; 1870, p. 48. Twio radians LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 32; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 201, pi. xxm, fig. 84; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 19, pi. xxm, fig. 84. B. H. WKIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) radians LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. t* I'liiojonesii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 339, pi. LIV, fig. 164; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 21, pi. LIV, tig. 164. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch., Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * Margaron ( Unio) jonesii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. t rnio discrepans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; * Jl. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860,p. 340, pi. LV, fig. 165; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 22, pi. LV, fig. 165. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxiv, fig. 176. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. 'Margaron ( Unio) discrepans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. t * Unio scitulus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 93; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 342, pi. LV, fig. 167; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 24, pi. LV, fig. 167.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) scitulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. t * Unio linguffiformis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 305; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 345, pi. LVI, fig. 170; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 27, pi. LVI, fig. 170.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) lingucpformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. t * Unio perpictus LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 350, pi. LVIII, fig. 175; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 32, p]. LVIII, fig. 175; *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) perpictus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44. t*7nio difficilis LEA,' Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; * Jl. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 311, pi. XLIX, fig. 124; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 71, pi. XLIX, fig. 124.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) difficilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 1 Two shells are in the Lea collection ; one adult and badly worn, the other young, I believe it to be only a form of nebulosus. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 555 t * Unio sparus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XX, 1868, p. 143; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 306, pi. XLVII, fig. 119; * Obs., XII, p. 66, pi. XLVII, fig. 119. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) spams LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. Cumberland and Tennessee rivers systems, Green River, Kentucky; Tombigbee and Alabama rivers drainage; Columbus, Georgia; Wolfs- ville, North Carolina. tLAMPSILIS MUHLFELDIANUS Lea. 1 *Unio miililfeldianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 41, pi. xn, fig. 36 ; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 41, pi. xn, fig. 36.* TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 236. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 195; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 196., pi. xxn, fig. 60. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvn, figs. 5, 5a, 56. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvni, fig. 211.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. *Mar(jarita ( Unio) miihlfeldianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 27 ; 1838, p. 20. 11 Margaron ( Unio) miihlfeldianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48. Cumberland River; Watauga River near Johnson City, Tennessee. fLAMPSILIS AMCENUS Lea.' * Unio amcenua LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 200, pi. x, fig. 12; * Ohs., Ill, 1842, p. 200, pi. x, fig. 12. * CONRAD, Pr.Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244. * HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 386, pi. xxiv, fig. 9. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxin, figs. 5, 5a, 56. * H. and A.ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIX, fig. 416. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. * Margaron (Unio) amaenus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. Holston River, Tennessee. fLAMPSILIS TENER Lea. 3 * Unio tenet- LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1840, p. 198, pi. x,,fig. 10; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 36, pi. x, fig. 10. *CATLOwand REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxi, figs. 1, la, lb. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. Margaron ( Unio) tener LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 28 ; 1870, p. 44. t * Unio regularis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 82 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,VIII, 1842, p. 243, pi. xxv, fig. 59; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 81, pi. xxv, fig. 59.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.' CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxin, fig. 3, 3a, 3ft.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* SOWEHBY , 1 Lea has only a single specimen in his collection. I consider it a species of doubt- ful validity. 2 Doubtfully valid. More regularly elliptical than nebulosus, and the dorsal and basal lines are more nearly paraLel. :! 1 have only seen the typo, ;i miserably eroded, broken shell, part of which is missing, but I have no doubt that it is the same thing as regularis. 556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Conch. Icon.. XVI, 1868, pi. Lxvm, fig. 351. * B. H. WRKIHT. Check List, 1888. P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * Margaron ( Unio) regularis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29 ; 1870. p. 45. Big Pigeon and French Broad rivers, Tennessee; near Bowling Green, Kentucky. t LAMPSILIS SIMUS Lea. * Margarita ( Unio) simus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21. * Unio ximns LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 26, pi. vin, fig. 20 ; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 26, pi. vin, fig. 20. *TROSCHKL, Arch, fiir Xaturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; " Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 197.-*CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phibi., VI, 1853, p. 257. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 49i; * CHENC, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxi, figs. 4, 4, 46. KCSTER, Conch., Cab. Unio. 1861, p. 248, pi. LXXXIII, fig. 4, p. 262, pi. LXXXVIII, fig. 3.* B. H. WRKJHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167.' *Margaron ( Unio) simus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50. * Unio notatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. * Unio spatulatus SOWEKBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXV, fig. 328. *? Unio proximus KTSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 248, pi. LXXXIII, fig. 4. Cumberland and Tennessee river systems; Othcalooga Creek, north- west Georgia. t LAMPSILIS PLANCUS Lea. * Unio plancus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 81, pi. x, fig. 229; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 85, pi. x, tig. 229. * B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) plancns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. Coosa Kiver at Wetumpka, Alabama. (Group of Lampsilia subany Hiatus.) Shell elliptical, inflated, subsolid, drawn to a point behind; that of the female only slightly swollen just behind the central base; bars of the beak sculpture somewhat coarse, feebly double looped; epidermis very smooth, shining, brightly rayed; teeth rather smooth, subcom- pressed ; nacre bluish or purplish. Animal having the marsupiuin very large; ovisacs numerous; gills large, nearly semicircular. LAMPSILIS SUBANGULATUS Lea. *Unlo subangulatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I. 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 29, pi. xm, fig. 23; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 47, pi. xm, fig. 23. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * CHEXU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxix, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 278, pi. xciv, fig. 2.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 415, pi. LVIII, fig. 1. * Margaron ( Unio) subangulatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. * Uniofasciolns CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. Appalachicola River system, Georgia and Florida. 1 Spelled sinus, but no doubt intended for simns. ' 2 Doubtfully distinct from simu*. I have seen only the type. No.1205. sv\orsi$ or rin: .V.I/.I/>/:.S-N/.I//'-SV>.Y. 557 tLAMPSILIS KIRKLANDIANUS S. H. Wright. 1 ~ f'nio kirlilandianu* S. II. WRIGHT, Nautilus, X, 1897, j>. 136. * Lampsilis kirklandianns SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 76, pi. i, fig. 7. Ocklocknee river, Leou County, Florida. (Group of Lampsilix ellipsiformis.) Shell elliptical, subiuflated, pointed behind, that of the female but slightly swollen at the post base; behind this inflation there is a slight sinus; beak sculpture doubly looped, the hinder loop sometimes open behind; epidermis dull, rayed with wavy lines, generally arranged in bands; nacre white. Animal with the marsupium colored below; gills large, inner wholly united to or only free from the abdominal sack a short distance. tLAMPSILIS ELLIPSIFORMIS Conrad. * Unio ellipsiformits CONRAD, Monog., VIII, 1836, p. 60, pi. xxxiv, fig. 1. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Unio spatulatus LKA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 80, pi. vin, fig. 22; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 54, pi. vm, fig. 22; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 261, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 7. * CALKINS. Pr. Ottawa, Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 45. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P/ETEL Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Margaron ( Unio) spatulalus LKA. * Lampsilis spatnlatus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 106, pi. x, fig. 5; xni, fig. 2. Upper Mississippi Valley generally; south to about latitude 38; western ISTew York; southern Michigan; southern Canada; Red River of the North. tLAMPSILIS PLEASII Marsh. * Unio pleasii MARSH, the Observer (a newspaper), II, May, 1891; Nautilus, V, 1891, p. 2. Little Red River, Arkansas; Morrisville, Polk County, Missouri. tLAMPSILIS ARKANSASENSIS Lea. *Unio arkansasensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 206, pi. xxx, fig. 275; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 28, pi. xxx, fig. 275. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Hot Springs, Arkansas; Saline River near Bentou, Arkansas. (Call.) tLAMPSILIS OZARKENSIS Call. *Unio ozarkensis CALL, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 498, pi. xxvu. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci., St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 33, pi. xvui. Jack's Ford of Current River, Missouri; White River, Arkansas. 1 A lovely, brilliant little species, nearly allied to gubangulatus, but probably distinct. 558 HiftC'EKDISr.s or Till-: X ITfOX.IL (Group of Lampeilis Shell solid, that of the male sinuate at post base, and sometimes pro- duced posteriorly, female shell wider, only slightly sinuous; beak sculp- ture rather coarse, feebly doubly looped; epidermis dark, with wavy, capillary rays; hinge heavy; nacre bluish-white or purple; animal unknown. 1 t LAMPSILIS TRABALIS Conrad. *Unio Irabalis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, May 3, 1834, p. 27, pi. in, fig. 5; p. 72. 'FERUSSAt . finer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *MOLLER, Syn.Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 201. TOXIJAD, Monog., XII, 1840, p. 110, pi. LX, fig. 2. *( 'HKNI. Kib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 15, pi. n, fig. 3. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. X.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259. s B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. t Unio troostengis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834 (August or September), p. 71, pi. x, fig. 30; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 183, pi. x, fig. 30.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, ]( . 29. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 186, pi. xxm, fig. 24. CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. *H. and A. ADAMS. Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1858, p. 496.* KUSTEK Conch. Cab. Uiiio, 1861, p. 193, pi. LXI, fig. 4. ' SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXVIII, fig. 406. *P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. *Margari1a ( Unio) troostensis LEA. Syn., 1836, p. 21 ; 1838. p. 18. *Margaron ( Unio) Iroostensis LKA, Syn.. 1852, p. 25. *Margaron ( Unio) Irooaiii LEA, >Svn., 1870, p. 39. ^ Unio troostil B. II. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Unio raniixemensis SOWKRHY, Couch. Icon., 1866, pi. xxxix, fig. 216. Kentucky and streams of Tennessee; Clinch River, Virginia. t LAMPSILIS PERPURPUREUS Lea. *Unio perpurpurens LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 41; .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 46, pi. xvi, fig. 44 ; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 50, pi. x vi, fig. 44. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) perpnrpurens LEA. Syu., 1JS70, p. 48. " I'nio iroostennis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIX, fig. 415. Tennessee lliver, drainage, extending into Virginia in the Clinch. (Group of Jjampsilits modioliformis.) Shell elliptical, thin, quite evenly rounded before and behind, some- what inflated; beak sculpture consisting of a fe\v parallel bars, looped in front, and generally open; epidermis with beautiful, rather broad, generally unbroken, sometimes slightly wavy rays; nacre brilliantly iridescent posteriorly; teeth compressed. The female shell is greatly 1 Certain male shells of L. trabalis differ so remarkably from those of the females and from any other known Xaiades that it might be supposed that they belonged to an isolated group. Other male shells, however, differ but little from the females, and in /,. pcrpurpureus, a species so close to L. trabdJis that it is often difficult to separate them, the male shells differ but slightly from those of the females. Through this former species the group seems very closely related to that of eUipsi- formis, and so on to the assemblage typified by L. iris. NO .1211-,. SYXOPSIS OF THE XATATyESKnTPKOy. 559 expanded posteriorly, the outline sometimes being almost arcuate on the middle base, and sweeping around in a regular curve to the ligament. Animal with mantle border often spotted, and in the female furnished with flue, well-developed papilla- on the post- ventral region; branchial opening large, with many strong papillae; marsupium projecting greatly below the rest of the gills, rounded below; ovisacs large and distinct. tLAMPSILIS MODIOLIFORMIS Lea. * Unio modioliformis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 97, pi. xm, fig. 40 ; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 209, pi. xin, fig.40. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209. pi. xxm, fig. 37. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 139, fig. 678. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888." P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mas., XV, 1892, p. 414, pi. LVI, figs. 2, 3, 6. *Margarita (Unio)modioliformis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. *Margaron ( Unio) modioliformis LEA, Syn., 185'2, p. 39; 1870, p. 44. * Unio tenerus RAVENEL, Cat., 1834, p. 58.' * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * Margarita ( Unio) tenerus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. *Mrgaron (Unio) tenerus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 44. * Unio delumMs KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 207, pi. LXIX, fig. 1. Santee Canal, South Carolina, south to north Florida; probably west to Mississippi. tLAMPSILIS GRACILIOR Lea. * Unio gracilior LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Pbila., IV, p. 56, pi. vin,, fig. 38; * Obs., VI, p. 56, pi. vm, fig. 38.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) gracilior LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. ] * Unio obfuscns LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 1J2; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 197, pi. xxn, fig. 80; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 15, pi. xxn, fig. 80. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) obfuscns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. Near Macon, Georgia. t LAMPSILIS VIBEX Conrad. * Unio vibex Conrad, New L. and F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 31, pi. iv, fig. 3, p. 72. 2 FERUSSAC, Gnerin Mag., 1835, p. 29.* MO"LLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836. p. 203. *HANLKY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195. * CHENU, 'I am not aware that any description of Ravenel's species has ever been published. In his catalogue, he gives it this name, and refers to his manuscripts only. Speci- mens that he gave Dr. Lea, which are credited to him from the Santee canal in pencil on the shells, are undoubtedly modionformis. Other specimens from another locality, which Lea has put with these, and has called Unio tenerus Ravenel, are undoubtedly L. prevostianu* Lea. It was these latter specimens which caused me to be mistaken in the identity of Unio tenerus in my paper in Proceedings of the United States National Museum, XV, p. 416. 2 One lot in the Academy of Sciences is the same as the exiguus of Lea, another is the same as Lea's nashvillianus. Conrad's figure, which is not very good, agrees fairly well with the former, but is certainly not the latter. 500 i'i;<>ri-:i-:in\<;s or rni: NATK>X.\I. Mi'si-:r.\i. Bib. Conch.. 1st ser., III. 1845, p. 17, pi. in, tig. 6. * CATLOW and KRKVK, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65. H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Her. Moll.. II, 1K">7, p. 495. ]',. II. WRIGHT, Clu-ck List, 1888. I'.KTKL, Conch. Sam., III. 1890, p. 171. * Margarita ( i'nio) ribex LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 27; 1838, p. 20. * Margaron ( Unio) riber LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1X70, p. 48. t * Unio ej-igntis LKA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287.* Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 191, pi. vn, fig. 1 ; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 29, pi. vn, fig. 1. " CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. l'hila.,VI, 1853, p. 248.* H. and A. ADAM*, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* CHEXU, 111., Conch., 1858, pi. xxx, figs, 1, lo, 1&. 1 * SOWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, p. 38, fig. 208.* H. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 188X. P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. * Margaron ( Unio) exigun* LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. \*Unio staynalis CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. N. Hist.. IV, 1849, p. 300; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1849, p. 153;- Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 275, pi. xxx vn, fig. 2; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.* H.and A.ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Margaron ( Unio) stagnalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27 ; 1870, p. 12. t -I'nio rutilan* LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 59, pi. ix, fig. 41; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 59, pi. ix, fig. 41. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 258, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 3. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. * Margaron ( Unio) rutilans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. \*Unio subellipsis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII. 1856, p. 262; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 62, pi. x, fig. 44 ; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 62, pi. x, fig. 44.- * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) siibellijms LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. * Unio prevostianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIII, fig. 315. * Unio subangnlatns SOWERBY, :! Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXV, fig. 327. tLAMPSILIS VIBEX var. NIGRINUS Lea.< * I'nio nigrinim LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 284, pi. xxiv, fig. 44; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 40, pi. xxiv, fig. 44. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * Margaron ( Unio) nigrinus LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. t * Unio Jioridensis S. H.WRIGHT, Conch. Exchange, II, 1888, p. 105. t *Unio arerillii B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 1888, p. 115, pi. ill, fig. 2. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Ogeechee River, Georgia, west to Jackson, Mississippi; the variety in Florida, south to the Hillsborough River. 1 Poor figures, not all accurate. " This seems to be equivalent to a male subellipsis of Lea, of a little more solid, evenly oval or elliptical form than the type. I do not think it worthy of a varietal name, as there is every possible gradation between these shells. I formerly placed exiguus, rutilans, and siibellipsis in the synonymy of modioliformis (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 414), and in a young state they seem to be exactly alike, as a gen- eral thing; but the examination of a large amount of additional material since then has led ine to believe that the latter may perhaps be distinct. 3 Probably a young specimen, rather wide at the posterior end. 4 A smaller, shorter, fragile form, generally having a rather dark epidermis, and purplish nacre. It is a southern variety, and gradually merges into the type in the Chattahoochoo region. NO. 1205. 8YXOPS1S OF THK .V.I r.lDES SIMPSON. 561 tLAMPSILIS DISPAR Lea. * Unio dispar LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 305; Ml. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 327, pi. LI, tig. 153; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 9, pi. LI, tig. 153. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Maryaron ( Unio) dispar LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. Southwest Georgia. (Group of Lampsilis amygdalum.} Shell rather small, obovate, inflated, epidermis varying from smooth and shining to somewhat cloth-like, ashy green to blackish, but always showing green tints when seen through transmitted light, indistinctly rayed; beaks rather high, sculptured with flue, parallel bars, arranged in a double loop, that in front being large and rounded, that behind small and rather pointed below; hinge teeth compressed; nacre irides- cent behind. The greatest height of the shell is just behind the center; its greatest diameter is just in front of it, or at a point just behind the beaks ; the posterior end is often pointed and somewhat raised. Animal with the marsupiurn large, reaching far below the inner gills, and having a black border; inner gills united to the abdominal sac throughout; anal opening smooth or only slightly crenulate. tLAMPSILIS AMYGDALUM Lea. Unio amygdalum LEA, Desc. of 12 sp. Unioues, Aug. 19, 1843; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846. p. 275, pi. xxxix, tig. 1; *Obe., IV, 1848, p. 33, pi. xxxix, fig. 1. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244. * H. and A, ADAMS, Gen., Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mu., XV, 1892, p. 426, pi. LXVII, fig. 3.* CALL. Pr. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1896, p. 115. ^Maryaron (Unio) amygdalum LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. t* Unio lepidus GOULD,' Pr. Boat. Soc. N. Hist., VI, 1856, p. 15; Otia Conch., 1862, p. 222. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mua., XV, 1892, p. 426, pi. LXVIII, fig. 1 ; LXIX, fig. 3. * Margaron ( Unio) lepidns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. Florida. tLAMPSILIS SUDUS Lea." *Unio concavus LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 260, pi. xv, fig. 11; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 16, pi. xv, fig. 11.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.247. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. ^SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcn, fig. 504. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P/ETEL, Couch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Maryaron ( Unio) concavus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. t* Unio sndus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, p. 170; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 194, pi. xxi, fig. 77; *Obs., VII, 1895, p. 12, pi. xxi, tig. 77. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. ''Margaron ( I'nio) sudus LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 46. Abbeville, South Carolina. 1 Having carefully compared the type of this, a large specimen, with amygdalum, I have no doubt that both are the same species. 2 The name concavns applied by Lea was, I believe, used previously by Zelebor for what seems to be U. tnmidus. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 36 5G2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE X.t l'Ht.\AL MTU/-: I'M. tLAMPSILIS VESICULARIS Lea. 1 * I'nio rtxk'M/um LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 37, pi. xn, fig. 34; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 41, pi. xn, fig. 34.* B. II. WKKMIT, Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 425, pi. LXVII, fig. 4. Florida; Flint River, Georgia? tLAMPSILIS VILLOSUS B. H. Wright. I'nio rilloxus B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XII, 1898, p. 32. l.ampaiHs villosus SIMPSON. Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 77, pi. i, tig. 1. Suwauee and Escambia rivers, Florida. tLAMPSILIS TROSSULUS Lea.-' I'nio Iroasttlus LEA, Desc. 12 sp. Uuiones, 1843; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846, p. 278, pi. XL, fig. 6 ; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 36, pi. XL, fig. 6. *B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *RKTKL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. "SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 427, pi. LXVIII, fig. 3. "Margaron ( Twto) trossulus LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. Lake Monroe, Florida. tLAMPSILIS PELLUCIDUS Lea. I'n'iu pellHcidus LKA, Pr. Am. Phil. Sci., IV, 1845, p. 163. ^Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1845, p. 70, pi. n, fig. 6; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 44, pi. n, fig. 6. CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254. H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. P^TKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. *Margaron ( Unio) pelliicidus LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, Georgia. tLAMPSILIS MINOR Lea. / >iio minor LEA, Desc. 12 sp. Uniones, 1843; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846, p. 276, pi. xxxix, fig. 3; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 34, pi. xxxix, fig. 3. 'CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *B. H. WIUGHT, Check List, 1888. *SiMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 425, pi. LX vii, fig. 2. *Maryaron ( I'nio) minor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. *Unio xtearnsii B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Florida and southwestern Georgia. tLAMPSILIS PAPYRACEUS Gould. f a io papyraceus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., II, 1845, p. 53. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila,, VI, 1853, p. 254. *H. and A.ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 1 Dr. Lea has only two specimens of this shell, both in very bad condition dead and eroded. I have been much inclined to believe that it was a form of /,. amyg- dalum, but recently a specimen in better condition submitted for my inspection by Mr. B. II. Wright would seem to show that the two are distinct. -A doubtful species. The type is the only specimen I have ever seen which I can refer with any certainty to this species. It is a small, rather solid shell, and may be an unuKually heavy /,. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES ^IMI'SON. 563 p. 492. *GouLD,Otia. Conch., 1862, p. 197. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PYETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162.' SIMPSON, Pr. U. S.Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 427, pi. LXVIII, fig. 2. Margaron (Unio) papyraceus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 62. Everglades, Florida. tLAMPSILIS SINGLEYANUS Marsh. 1 * Cnio sinyleyanus MARSH, Joliet Weekly News (a newspaper), May 1, 1891 ; *Nau- tilus, V, 1891, p. 29.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 426, pi. LXVIII, figs. 4, 5. Putnam and Sumpter counties, Florida. Subgenus CAKTJNCULINA Simpson in Baker, 1898. 2 (Type, Unio texasensis Lea. ) Shell small, inflated, obovate, rather solid, covered with a thick, dark, often cloth like epidermis, which is rayless or only feebly rayed; beak sculpture consisting of rather strong, concentric ridges, which form, as a general thing, only a single, rounded loop in front, and are strongly curved upward behind/ 1 Pseudocardinals compressed, smooth on the inside, generally reflexed upward, somewhat torn on the edges. Shell quite commonly pointed posteriorly, that of the female truncated obliquely on post base. Animal with the marsupium consisting of a tew large ovisacs (8 to 13); inner gills wholly or in part free from the abdominal sac; female often having a well-developed caruncle on the mantle below the branchial opening. tLAMPSILIS TEXASENSIS Lea. * Unioparvus CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 20, pi. ix, fig. 1. *HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 196, pi. xxn, fig. 3. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxx v, fig. 186. * Unio texasensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1857, p. 84; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 359, pi. LXI, fig. 184; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 41, pi. LXI, fig. 184. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XL, fig. 218.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * CALL, Pr. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1896, p. Ill, pi. v, figs. 38-40. *Maryaron ( Unio) texasensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. t * Unio bairdianxs LEA, 4 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 102 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 361, pi. LXI, fig. 186; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 43, pi. LXI, fig. 186. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) bairdianns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 1 This may belong to the parr us group. The beaks of specimens I have examined were badly eroded. - Erroneously spelled Corimculina. "Occasionally there is a vestige of a posterior loop, and I have seen it perfectly developed, especially in specimens of L. haleianm. The beak sculpture of this group is remarkably like that of the Tetralaamits group of Unio, though the two assem- blages are not at all closely related. 'A rather delicate variety, but I hardly think worthy of a varietal name. The species varies from being quite slender to short, wide, and inflated. 564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. t * Unio bealei LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862. p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 204. pi. xxx, fig. 273; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 26, pi. xxx, fig. 273. *B. H. WEIGHT, Check List, 1888. Maryaron ( Unio) bealei LEA, Syn. 1X70, p. 49. t LAMPSILIS TEXASENSIS var. COMPRESSUS Simpson.' Texas, north to Kansas; Missouri; southern Illinois and Indiana; south through Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana; the variety in southwest Texas. t LAMPSILIS MEARNSI Simpson. *Lamp8il\8 mearimi SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 75, pi. i. iig. 4. Vicinity of Fort Clarke, Kiiiney County, Texas. t LAMPSILIS PARVUS Barnes. * Unio pan-ns BARNES, Ain. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, pi. xiu, fig. 18 (outline).- SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Journal, 1831, p. 78. *CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. *SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. FERISSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196.* PHILIPPI, Abbild, I, 1845, p. 19, pi. i, fig. 4. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. \om., 1845, p. 62. *KL T STER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 33, pi. v, fig. 5.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 25. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.*:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * Margarita ( Unio) parr us LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 21. *Maryaron ( Unio) parvus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. *Lamp8ill8parrnx BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt 1, 1898, p. 109, pi. xiu, fig. 3. *Myaparva EATON, Zool. Text- Book, 1826, p. 222. Mississippi River drainage generally; southwest to central Texas; western Xew York; southern Canada; and Michigan doubtfully. t LAMPSILIS HALEIANUS Lea. 1 * Unio haleianus LK A, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1842, p. 224 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc,, VIII, 1842, p. 247, pi. xxvii, fig. 63 ; " Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 85, pi. xx vn, fig. 63. CON- RAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen., Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxvi, figs. 6, 6, 66. * ? REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxiv, fig. 116.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., III. 1890, p. 154. *Margaro ( Unio) haleiantts LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. Alexandria, Louisiana; eastern Texas. 1 A remarkably compressed elevated form from southwest Texas may bear this name. 2 Barnes's outline shows a small shell, erenly rounded posteriorly. I believe that this character of being rounded behind is constant, and is the only one by which it always differs from its near ally, L. texasensis, which is more sharp behind and usually obliquely truncate at the post-base. The two species have been continually con- founded, and even Dr. Lea has placed in his collection under the name parvus a number of specimens which I am sure are his texasensis. The former is generally the smaller of the two, though not always, as in northern Illinois it sometimes reaches a length of 2 inches. L. texasensis undoubtedly ranges north into northern Missouri, southern Illinois and Indiana, and the true parvus is occasionally found well down into Texas. 3 This is often confounded with L. texasensis. It is a larger, thinner-shelled form, and is not so decidedly truncate at the post-basal region. NO. 1205. syyors/s or Tin: \M.\DES siurxox. 565 tLAMPSILIS GLANS Lea. * Uniofjlans LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1834, p. 82, pi. vin, fig. 12 ; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 92, pi. vin, tig. 12.* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.* FERUSSAC, Guerin Mag., 18:35, p. 26." CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 21, pi. ix, fig. 2.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 196, pi. xxu, fig. 33. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nona., 1845, p. 59. *KusTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 37, pi. vi, fig. 3.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. vin, figs. 9, 9, 9ft. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvi, fig. 190. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P/ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 154. "Margarita ( Cnio) glans LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 21. *Margaron ( Unio) (flans LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31 ; 1870, p. 49. Ohio River drainage; Warsaw, Indiana; (probably St. Lawrence drainage) southern Michigan; White River, Carroll County, Arkansas (Call). tLAMPSILIS GERMANUS Lea. * Unio germann* LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 49, pi. xix, fig. 54; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 53, pi. xix, fig. 54. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) germanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. i*Uniogranulatti8 LEA,PP. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 60; Ml.Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 48, pi. xvi, fig. 46; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 52, pi. xvi, fig. 46.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) granulatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. Coosa River, and Big Prairie Creek, Alabama. tLAMPSILIS CYLINDRELLUS Lea. *Unio oylindrellHS LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, VIII, 1869, p. 308, pi. XLVIII, fig. 121.* Obs., XII, 1869, p. 68, pi. XLVIII, fig. 121.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) cylindrellus ^LFA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. Tennessee River drainage. tLAMPSILIS MCESTUS Lea. 1 * Unio maestus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 82 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 244, pi. xxvi, fig. 60 ; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 82, pi. xxvi, fig. 60.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxvm, figs. 3, 3a, 3ft.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 226, pi. LXXVI, fig. 5. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* PvETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. *Margaron ( Unio) mcestus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31 ; 1870, p. 49. French Broad River, Tennessee. f LAMPSILIS CROMWELLII Lea. 'Unio Cromwellii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 89; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 258, pi. xxxi, fig. 73 ; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 19, pi. xxxi, tig. 73. B. H. WRKJHT, Check List. 1888. : The only shells I have seen of this are two in the Lea collection, having quite solid, stumpy teeth. They are old, dead, and a little worn, and in such a condition that it is hard to tell much about them. The species may be a large cylindrellus, but I can not be sure that they are. 566 riu>cEi-:i>iM,s or ////: \ATH>XAL "Margaron ( Unto) cromwellii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. ' I'nio man/ in is LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.. 18&5, p. 89; *.J1. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 225, pi. xxxi, fig. 69; * < M.S., XII, 1X69, p. in. pi. xxxi. fig. 69.' B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) margin!* LKA. Syn., 1870, p. 49. Western Georgia and southeastern Alabama. t LAMPSILIS CORVUNCULUS Lea. *Unio corvunculiis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; * Jl. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 314, pi. L, tig. 127; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 74, pi. i., fig. 127. - H. H. WRIOHT, Check List. 1888. *Margaron ( I'nio) corrunculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. Western Georgia; Village Creek, Jefferson County, Alabama; Lake Ashby, Florida. t LAMPSILIS PAULUS Lea. *Unio paulus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 213, pi. xv, fig. 29; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 51, pi. xv, fig. 29." CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* CHEVU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxvn, figs. 5, 5o, 5ft. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 260, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 6.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. *Margaron ( Unio) paulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. lx<;s <>r ////; NATIONAL MUSEUM. LAMPSILIS ALIENIGENUS Crosse and Fischer. * Pinto aKejw/eHMsCROssK and FISCHER, .11. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 294. FISCHER and CROSSK. Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 590, pi. rxv, figs. 5, 5a; LXVI, fig. 3. Goatzalcoalcos, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 1 (Group of Lampsilis aztecornm.) Shell elliptical, oblong, rounded in front and behind, the posterior part being slightly compressed, the whole rather thin; umbonal region inflated; beak sculpture unknown; epidermis brown and rather smooth; pseudocardinals small, laterals curved; nacre purple and shining; female shell (the specimen figured) somewhat swollen in post basal region, so that the basal line is slightly incurved. Animal unknown. LAMPSILIS AZTECORUM Philippi. *Unio aztecorum PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mai., IV, 1847, p. 95; *Abbild., Ill, 1849, p. 109, pi. vi, fig. 2. *KrsTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, pp. 2, 84, pi. xcv, fig. 6. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. " P/ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145.* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 607. *Margaron ( Unio) aztecorum LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44. (Group of Lampsilis metallicus.) Shell rather small, obovate-rhomboid, inflated, much narrowed and rounded in front, the form approaching that of a Modiolus; epider- mis a rich coppery bronze, shining; beak sculpture consisting of two faint, rounded loops, the bars of which are inclined to be nodulous; pseudocardinals compressed, not well developed, and sometimes more or less broken into denticles; laterals distinct; pits in the beak cavity numerous and very irregular; nacre dark, coppery to purple, with metallic tints, iridescent behind. Animal unknown. t LAMPSILIS METALLICUS Say. Unio metallicm SAY, N. Harm., Disseminator (newspaper form), January 15, 1831 ; *Am. Conch., VI. 1834. * CONRAD, NewF. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.* L. SAY, New Terr, and Flnv. Shells, 1840, p. 6. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.* PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. t* Unio cupriniis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 94, pi. XH, fig. 24; - * Obs., I, 1834, pi. xn, fig24. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pi. xxn, fig. 7. *CATI.OW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 58. "GHENT, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xi, figs. 3, 3a, 3/>. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 1 1 am considerably in doubt as to the relationship of the last two species. Fischer and Crosse are sure that alienigenuv 13 close to umbrosus, and their figure and descrip- tion seem to show that esplicatiis is near to alienigenus. 2 The Transactions of the Philosophical Society, IV, in which Mr. Lea published his Fnio cuprinim, which is identical with Mr. Say's species, was issued, according to Scudder, in the latter end of 1831. HO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 573 II, 1857, p. 492. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVI, tig. 336. * B. H. WRICIIT, Check List, 1888. -" P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 615. "Margarita ( Unio) cnprinus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. *Mar{iaron (Unio) cuprinus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. * Unio acretis REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1856, pi. xxx, tig. 160.' * P^ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. Mexico. (Group of Lampsilis (/racilis.) Shell large, thin, elliptical or slightly obovate, with a high posterior and an anterior wing, not greatly inflated; beaks low; epidermis rather smooth, often feebly rayed, dull colored, but usually glossy; hinge line slightly and rather regularly curved ; teeth compressed, pseadocardiuals but feebly and often imperfectly developed; nacre purplish tinted, rather dull. Shell of the male and female nearly alike, the latter scarcely swollen at post basal region. Animal with the mantle greatly thickened at posterior end, and double and thickened at post base, where it is often crenulate or toothed on its inner border, and has the outer developed into a flap; inner gill united to the abdominal sac throughout; marsupium enormous, composed of a great number of delicate semiradiatiug ovisacs, projecting far below the inner gills in a semicircle. fLAMPSILIS GRACILIS Barnes. * Unio gracilis BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 274.* HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 288. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert, 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 559; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 676; Tr. Element. Couch, 1839, p. 18, pi. xxx, figs. 2, 3. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842., p. 174. *C. B. ADAMS, Thompson's Hist. Ver- mont, 1842, p. 166; * F. W. and L. Shells of Vermont, 1842, p. 16." HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pi. xx, tig. 37. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.* DESHAYES, Tr. Klern., II, 1853, p. 217, pi. xxx, tigs. 2, 3.' H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498. * SOWEKBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxix, fig. 215.* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 42. *LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. Nat. Club., 1882, p. 52. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Mya gracilis EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 222. * Symphynota gracilis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1830, p. 452. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 80. * LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 66. "Margarita (Unio) gracilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1838, p. 13. * Metaptera gracilis STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. * Margaron (Unio) gracilix LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. * 1 Anodon gracilis SOWERBY, Genera, No. XVII, 1823, tig. * Lampsilis gracilis BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 99, pi. xix, fig. 1. * Uniofragilitt SWAINSON, Zool. 111., 1st ser., Ill, pi. CLXXI, 1823.- * DESHAYES, Encyc. Meth., II, 1830, p. 587. * SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69; *Monog., VI, 1836, p. 55, pi. xxx. * CHEXU, Bib. 1 The description of the plate is dated 1856, and in the contents it is credited to Reeve, although the previous plates bear date of 1865, and those following 1866. -Swainson's Unio frugil'm was published about the same time as Barnes's yracilis, and as it is impossible for me to say which has priority, I agree with Lea that it is better to adopt Barnes's well-known name. 574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXH. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 12. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 19, pi. in, fig. I. * Symphynota fragilis YKRUSSA.C, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * Metaptera fragilis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. * Uniofrayilis var. yratilis P^ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. *Myaplana EATOX, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. * Unio planus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71. * Unio (Niiia) atrata SWAINSON, Zool. 111., 1841, pi. CLXXI. * Unioatratu8H.AKi.EY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199, pi. xxi, fig. 29. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * PJ;TKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145. Entire Mississippi Eiver drainage, St. Lawrence system; Red River of the North; Hudson River; eastern Texas. fLAMPSILIS L^VISSIMUS Lea. * Symphynota kvvissima, LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1830, p. 444, pi. xm, fig. 23; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 58, pi. xm, fig. 23. SHOUT and EATOX, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 80. * Unio l&vissima, DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 558; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 675. * Unio Icfvissimus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. * HANL'EY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 174 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pi. xxi, fig. 41.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 60.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVI, fig. 250.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PyETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * Margarita ( Unio) lawissimus LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 11; 1838, p. 13. * Mar gar on ( Unio) Itevissimus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. *Unio ohioensis SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1866, p. 20, pi. LXIX, fig. 5. * Symphynota ohioensis FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * Metaptera ohioiensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. * Unio discoidens SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. un, fig. 275. Mississippi drainage generally; eastern Texas; southern Michigan; western New York. tLAMPSILIS ALABAMENSIS Conrad. * Symphynota inflata LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 99, pi. xiv, tig. 28; Obs., I, 1834, p. 109, pi. xiv, fig. 28. FERUSSAC, Goer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * Metaptera inflata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. * Margarita ( Unio) inflatm LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 11, 1838, p. 13. * Unio inflatus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 174; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pi. xxi, fig. 45. "> CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 60. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 17, pi. H, fig. 1. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLV, fig. 246. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PyETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * Margaron ( Unio) inflatus LEA, Syn., 1862, p. 28; 1870, p. 28. * Unio alabamemis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67. 1 Alabama and Tombigbee River areas. 1 New name given by Conrad for Unio injiatus Lea, preoccupied by Barnes. NO. 1205. SYXOPXIS OF TUi: X.U.lliKSHIMPSOX. 575 (Group of 2/ampsilis amphichcenus.) Shell rather thin, elongate, elliptical, rounded before, pointed behind, compressed, with a smooth, shining, black, rayless epidermis; beaks not prominent, their sculpture unknown; there is a conspicuous gap at the anterior base, and another very distinctly outlined at the upper part of the posterior end like that of Schizoihwrm; hinge line slightly curved; pseudocardinals imperfect; laterals compressed ; nacre purplish ; female shell inflated at posterior base. Animal with large, elliptical palpi; mantle slightly thickened at the edge ; anal opening widely separated from the superanal, the latter large ; foot large, hatchet- shaped. Several animals were examined, but all were so much decayed that most of the characters could not be made out. tLAMPSILIS AMPHICH^NUS Frierson. * U'.iio (Lampsilin) amphic.hwnus FRIERSON, Nautilus, XI, 1898, p. 10, pi. I. ((Iroup of -Lampsilix leptodon.) Shell rather thin, elongate, elliptical, compressed, decidedly pointed behind, the point raised above the center of the shell; beaks low, their sculpture very feeble; there is a conspicuous post-dorsal wing in young shells, and sometimes vestiges of an anterior wing; young shell rather dull and faintly rayed; there is a decided anterior basal and posterior gap; hinge teeth very imperfect; i>seudocardinals often almost want- ing, even in young shells; laterals faint, sometimes wanting in the adult shell; nacre coppery to purplish; female shell not inflated at post base. Animal with large, very thin, light brown branchiae, free nearly the whole length of the abdominal sac; palpi large, thin, nearly semi- circular; mantle thin, with a wide crenulate border; marsupium projecting slightly below the inner gills. tLAMPSILIS LEPTODON Rafinesque. 1 *Unio (Leptodea) leptodon RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 295, pi. LXXX, figs. 5-7. 'Unio leptodon SAY, Am. Couch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70; Monog., VII, 1836, p. 58, pi. xxxm. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 12, pi. i, figs. 5-7. * KUSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 197, pi. LXIV, tigs. 1, 2. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVIII, fig. 257. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * Symphynota leptodon FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * Leptodea leptodon CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. * JnodonpurpurttscensSwAixsos, Zool. 111., 1st ser., Ill, pi. CLX, 1823. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 67. * Unio relnm SAY, New Harm. Disseminator, II, September 23, 1829, p. 293; Jan- uary 15, 1831 (newspaper form). * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. *L. W. SAY, Terr. & Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 5. 'This is one of the few species which its author has described so distinctly that I feel sure there can be no doubt about it. Besides, his figure, such as it is, is some- thing like the tenmssimus of Lea. 576 riiocEEDiNGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * SympJiynota temiinsinia LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1829, p. 453, pi. xi, fig. 21; *Obs. 1, 1834, p. i>7, pi. xi, tig. 21. Symphynota tenitiaxinia SHOUT and EATON, Transylvania .11., 1831, p. 80. * Margarita (Unio) tcnuissimag LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. * Unio leniiixxiniux HANLKY, Test. Moll.. 1842, p. 206; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pi. xx, fig. 42. *CATLO\V and KEEVK, Conch. Noin., 1845, p. 64. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll.. II, 1857, p. 491. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLIV, fig. 240. I!. H. \VRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) teniiissimus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. Upper Mississippi River drainage, south to the Tennessee River; Buffalo, New York ; southern Michigan; Souris River, Manitoba. (Group of Lampailix scutulatus.) Shell rhombic elliptical, compressed, rather thin, with a high posterior and a low anterior wing, with two posterior ridges; the valves often exhibiting fine radiating plications on the posterior part ; beaks com- pressed, sometimes showing the nepiouic shell, almost destitute of sculpture, which, when present, consists of faint indications of two rounded loops; epidermis rather dull, sometimes indistinctly rayed; left valve with two pseudocardinals, the anterior a sharp, straight ridge sloping obliquely downward and forward from n point just in front of the beaks, the hinder curiously compressed and showing a tendency to break into denticles; right valve with two sharp, ridge-like, sloping pseudocardinals; laterals slender, compressed, straight or wavy; nacre bluish white to pale violet; dorsal scars few; female shell apparently slightly swollen at the posterior base; animal unknown. LAMPSILIS SCUTULATUS Morelet. * Unio scutulatus MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 30. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 561, pi. LIX, fig. 5; LXYII, fig. 6. Yucatan. LAMPSILIS PALUDOSUS Morelet. * Unio paludosus MORELET, Test. Xoviss., I, 1849, p. 30 * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1849, p. 559. pi. LIX, fig. 3. Yucatan. LAMPSILIS PLANIVALVIS Morelet. * Unio planiralvis MORELET, Test Noviss., II, 1851, p. 24. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894. p. 560, pi. LIX, fig. 2.' Usumasinta River, Guatemala. t LAMPSILIS DELPHINULUS Morelet. * Unio delphinulus MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 31. * HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 381, pi. xxin, fig. 60. SOWERHY, Conch. Icon.. XVI, 1866, pi. XLIII, fig, 237. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* I'.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 557, pi. LXIII, figs. 2, la, 2b. * Marynron ( I'nio) delphinuliix LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 28. Guatemala. These three may be mere variations of one thing. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 577 LAMPSILIS LARGILLIERTI Philippi. * Unio largillierti PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mai., IV, 1847, p. 94.' Yucatan. The following are unfigured and unknown to me: * Lampsilis fasclola RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 299. * Lampsilis fulyens RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 7. * Lampailis argyratus RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 7. Genus PSEUDOSPATHA Simpson, 19OO. (Type, Spatha tanganyicensis Smith.) 2 Burtonia BOURGINGUAT, Moll. Fluv. Nyanza, 1883, p. 20. :i Shell compressed, thin, oblique, inequilateral, with a straight dorsal line which ends in a small wing in front and behind, rounded and cut away at the anterior base, produced in the post basal region, gaping in front and behind, slightly twisted on its axis and usually bent poste- riorly to the right or left: a low, often double posterior ridge ends in a biangulute point behind ; beaks compressed, the sculpture faint, irregu- lar, concentric ridges which continue over the shell, and at the beaks sometimes become rather sharply pustulous, the glochidium often remaining; epidermis yellowish brown, sometimes delicately rayed; teeth rudimentary, one or more faint compressed pseudocardinals and a single lateral in each valve; muscle scars irregular; nacre coppery or purple, often rayed. Animal unknown. * PSEUDOSPATHA TANGANYICENSIS Smith. * Spatna tanganyicensis SMITH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 350, pi. xxxi, fig. 8. * Burtonia tanganyicinsis P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 187. VON MARTENS, Beschalte, 1897, p. 257. * Burtonia moineii BOURGUIGXAT, Uu. and lr. Tan., 1886, p. 33; Icon. Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xxv, fig. 1. * Burtonia lavigerina BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886. p. 36; Icon., Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xxiv, figs. 1-4. * Burtonia magnifica BOURGUIGXAT, L'n. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 41 ; Icon. Mai. Tan., 18-8, pi. xxvi, figs. 1-2. Lakes Tanganyika and Nyanza, Africa. PSEUDOSPATHA LEOPOLDVILLENSIS Putzeys. Burtonia leopoldvillensis PUTZEYS, Proc. Verb. Soc. Mai. Belg., 1898, pi. xxvm., fig. 16. Leopoldville, Congo. 1 Unfigured and unknown to me. From the description I should think likely it belonged here, but it may not. 2 The shells of this group bear a striking likeness to that of Unio tenuissimiis Lea, in form, texture, color, teeth, and in gaping in front and behind, and I am inclined to believe that they are related to it, and the Unio myersianus of Southeastern Asia, to Unio alatus, and U. delpkinnlns of Central America. 3 Name preoccupied in birds, 1850. Proc. N". M. vol. xxii 37 578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIO.\ . 1 1. M I 'SE UM. t PSEUDOSPATHA LIVINGSTONENSIS Bourguignat. * Spatha tanganyicensis SMITH (part), Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1880, pi. xxxi, tig. 8a; 1881, p. 296, pi. xxxiv, tig. 32. * Burtonia lirinyatonensia BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Fluv. Nyan/.., 1883. p. 20. * Burtonia elongata BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 34; Icon. Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xxv, fig. 3. * Burtonia contorta BOURGUIGNAT, Un. arid Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 39; Icon. Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xxvi, figs. 3-5. Lake Tanganyika. PSEUDOSPATHA SUBTRIANGULARIS Bourguignat. * Jiurtonia subtriangularis BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 35; Icon. Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xxv, fig. 2. * Burtonia yrandidieriana BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 42; Icon. Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xxvn, figs. 1-3. Lake Tanganyika. PSEUDOSPATHA BOURGUIGNATI Bourguignat.' * Burtonia bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 38; Icon. Mai. Tan.. 1888, pi. xxvn, figs. 4-5. Lake Tanganyika. The following species are uii figured and unknown to me. * Burtonia jouberti BOURGUIGNAT, Uu. ;md Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 40. * Burtonia bridouxi, BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 40. All from Lake Tanganyika. Genus HYRIOPSIS Conrad, 18S3. (Type, I'nio delphinus Gruner.-') Hyriopsis CONRAD. Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 269. Shell large, compressed, rhomboid-elliptical, dorsally winged and gen- erally biangulate behind, sometimes produced in the post-basal region; beaks low, mostly compressed, the sculpture consisting of numerous concentric ridges nearly parallel with the growth lines, generally extending well on to the disk of the shell, the earlier ones fine, often slightly nodulous or doubly looped; epidermis olive to brown, some- times faintly rayed; pseudocardinals two or three in the left valve, one to three in the right, when young com pressed, but often breaking into irregular denticles when old; laterals long, compressed, two in the left valve and one in the right, sometimes vertically striate, the left valve often having a sort of raised lamellar tooth at or .just behind the beak. 1 Said to be of Joubert in the literature. 2 The general make-np of the shells of this genus, Cyclomya, and Cristaria seems to indicate close relationship to each other, and a not distant one to the submenus I'roptcra of Lampsilix, and 1 should not l>r surprised to learn that the marsupinni occupies the posterior part of the outer gills in distinctly marked ovisacs. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 579 Beak cavities shallow; dorsal scars numerous, extending from the cav- ity downward and forward. Anterior muscle scars three, distinct, pos- terior large, indistinct; front end of the shell usually thickened; a row of plications often occurring just below the laterals, as in Cristaria. Animal unknown. (Group of Hyriopsis butlatus.) Shell somewhat trapezoidal, with a posterior ridge, biangulate behind, with a very high, pointed, triangular, posterior wing, and a smaller, pointed one in front, which projects forward; beaks low, sculpture not seen; epidermis brown; pseudocardinals broken up into denticles: hinge line slightly curved; the three anterior muscle scars separate and deep; dorsal scars not extending greatly downward in front; nacre bluish white. tHYRIOPSIS BIALATUS Simpson. 1 * I'nio delphiniis GRUNER Arch, fiir Xaturg, 1, 1841, p. 276, pi. ix, tigs. 1, la-c. * DKLESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pi. xix. fig. 3, 3, 36. *LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 218, pi. xvn, fig. 35; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 56, pi. xvn, fig. 35.- ' KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 18, pi. n, figs. 2-4. *HAXLKY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 381, pi. xx, lig. 44.- H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498. *CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 143, tig. 707. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLIII, fig. 238. *MORELET, Series Conch., IV, 1875, p. 345. * P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * Margaron ( Unio) delphlnus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. * Unio megapterus MORELET, J. tie Conch., XII, 1863, p. 159. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. Southeastern Asia, including Cambodia, Siam, and the Malay Penin- sula. (Group of Hyriopsis cumingii.) Shell rather thin, with a high wing posteriorly, and a smaller one in front; beaks greatly compressed, their sculpture at first consisting of fine and later of coarse concentric ridges, extending well on to the disk; corrugations on the posterior slope distinct. HYRIOPSIS CUMINGII Lea. * I 'nio cumingii LEA, Pr. Ac., N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1852, p. 54. * LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 240, pi. xxxv, fig. 120; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 58, pi. xxxv, fig. 120. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll.. II, 1857, p. 498. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLIX, fig. 264. *HEUDK, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, pi. LXIV. *Margaron ( Unio) cumingii LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19 ; 1870, p. 28. China. 'I regret that Gruner's well-known name delpJiimis was previously used for a Unio by Spengler, and the term megapterus of Morelet was applied by Rafinesque to a Metaptera ( Unio) and used by Chenu under the generic name Unio before 163. It will therefore have to have a new name. -Lea described this species under the, above name, not knowing that it had been already applied to the same species by Grnner. 580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. tHYRIOPSIS DELAPORTEI Crosse and Fischer. * Unio (Arconaia) deJaportei CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XXVI, 1876, p. 327, pi. x, fig. 1; xi, fig. 5.' Cambodia; Siam. (Group of 7///r/o/>.s/.v myersianus.) Shell rather solid, thickened in front; posterior ridge rather low: beaks compressed, the sculpture consisting, apparently, of a few rather faint, irregular ridges, sometimes slightly nodulous. tHYRIOPSIS MYERSIANUS Lea. *Unio myersianiis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 92; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1857, p. 290, pi. xxn, fig. 2 ; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 10, pi. xxn, fig. 2. " SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. L, fig. 265. *MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 344. *P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. *Maryaron ( Unio) myersianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. * t Unio housei LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 92; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 291, pi. xxin, fig. 3; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 11, pi. xxm, fig. 3. * VON MAKTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 14. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVIII, fig. 260. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. *Maryaron ( Unio) hotisei LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. Siarn; Cambodia. HYRIOPSIS SUTRANGENSIS L. Morlet. * Unio sutranyensis L. MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXVII, 1889, p. 195, pi. ix, fig. 3. Sutrang River, Siam. HYRIOPSIS PINCHONIANUS Heude. *Unio pinchonianiis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank, VIII, 1883, pi. LXIII, tig. 12. P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. China. (Group of Hyriopsis vagulus.) Shell elliptical, with a rather high, posterior wing, moderately solid, with two slight posterior ridges and a sulcus above them at the junc- ture of the wing. HYRIOPSIS VAGULUS Fischer. * Unio subtriyonus SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LVIII, fig. 292. - Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169 *Maryaron ( Unio) snblrigonus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. 1 The ventral line of this shell is crooked, having a couple of curves in it, but it is not twjsted. Its authors believed Arconaia to be only a section of Unio, and that the animal was essentially like that of that genus. Sowerby published this species as Unio snbtriyonu* in the Couchologia, the name being preoccupied by Deshayes. In the errata he changed it to Unio (Monocondy- l(ea) cambojensiz, believing it to be the same as Petit's Pseiidodoti rambojcnsis. It certainly is not that shell, and I agree with Fischer that it is near to the Unio myer- tsianus, and accept his name for it. NO. 1205. sy.vorsis or TIII: \.\i.\i>r.*siMi'soN. 9 Unio (Monocondijlcea] cambojensia SOWKIUJY, Conch. Icon., XVI, errata. *Paeudodon cambojensis MORELKT, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 336. * Unio lamellatita HANLEY and THEOBALD, Couch. Intl., 1876, p. 5, pi. ix, fig. 6. *Unio vaf/ulus FISCHER, Bull. Soc. Antnn., IV, 1891, p. 223. Siam. (Group of Hyriops-ix veMhuzeni.} Shell somewhat inflated, rather thin, rounded behind, winged; epi- dermis dark brown with numerous green rays; nacre iridescent, bluish white; anterior scars irregular, rather small; posterior scars rounded; pseudocanlinals elongated, one in each valve, in the right valve there is a secondary rudimental one; laterals elongate, urcuate, one ia the right valve and two in the left. tHYRIOPSIS VELTHUZENI Schepman. * ITnio velthuzeni SCHEPMAN, Notes from Leyden Mas., XVII. 1895, p. 160, pi. iv, figs. 1, la' DROUET, Jl. de Concli., XLV, 1897, p. 124. Mandai River, Borneo. (Group of Hyriopsis schlegell.) Shell rather thin, slightly winged behind, narrowly rounded before and angled at umbonial slope; posterior ridge high and rounded, beaks rather low ; epidermis rough, blackish ; hinge line curved in front, straight behind; pseudocardiuals generally entire; plications below the laterals faint; nacre dull, lurid purplish or lead color. tHYRIOPSIS SCHLEGELI von Martens. * Unio schlegeli VON MARTENS, Mai. Blatt., VII, 1861, p. 55. *KOBELT, Abh. Senck, Nat. Ges., XI, 1879. p. 421, pi. xiv. * vox MARTENS, Nov. Conch., V, 1879, p. 192, pi. CLVIII, figs. 4, 5. * VON IHERING, Abh. Senck, Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 156. * Barbala scltleyeU P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175, Japan. Subgenus CAUDICULATUS Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio caudiculatus von Martens.) Shell oval, inflated, slightly posteriorly winged, with a well-developed posterior ridge, and above it a deep, wide furrow ending in a broad, well-defined notch on the posterior slope; one pseudocardinal in the right valve and two in the left; two laterals in the left valve and one in the right. Animal unknown. 2 HYRIOPSIS CAUDICULATUS Von Martens. * Unio caudiculatus VON MARTENS, Mai. Bl., XIV, 1866, p. 16. * SCHEPMAN, Notes Leyd. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 140.* DROUET, J. de Conch., XLV, 1897, p. 126. * Unio infraroatratus SCHEPMAN, Notes Leyd. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 161, pi. iv, fig. 2. Borneo. 'According to the photographic figure this shell very closely resembles Unio ala- tus Say. I am in doubt as to the relationship of this species. ri;ori:i-:i>i\(;s imiH'riali* MORELET, Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIV, 1862, p. 480. Siam. CHAMBERLAINIA PAVIEI Morelet. * Unto paviti MORKI.KT, .T. de Couch., XXXIX, 1891, p. 241, pi. vn. fig. M. 3 Siam. t CHAMBERLAINIA DUCLERCI Rochebrune. 1 * I'nio duclerci K'OCIIKBRI'NK, Bull. Soc. Phil., VII, 1882, p. 27, pi. i. fig. 2 (in extract). Mekong Kiver, Siam. 1 The type consists of a single valve- of a young individual. ('. imperialis according to its author attains a size of 142 mm. in height, 192 mm. in length, and 77 mm. in diameter. I have seen a very fine specimen in the Frederick Steams collection 6 inches high and 8 in length. It is one of the most magnificent Naiades in the world. - Credited by Sowerby to the Little Arkansas River. "Very close to C. house!, but more rounded, and having a higher wing. I do not think this can be the same as Morelet's I'nio pairanus, described in Latin in the Journal in 1865, p. 227, and unidentifiable. 4 It is quite probable that this should form the type of a separate group, but the only specimens I have seen, two badly eroded valves, hardly justify me in separat- ing it. NO. i2or,. svxoi'srs or THE XAIADESSIMI'SOX. 583 Genus CRISTARIA Schumacher, 1817. (Type, Dipaas plicatns Leach. > Barbala HUMPHREYS, Mus. Col., 1797. Hipsas LEACH, Zool. Miscellany I, 1814, p. 119. Criztaria SCHUMACHER, Essai Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 107. Appius (LKACH), Menke. Syn., 2d ed., 1828, ? p. 106. ' SymphyHoia LEA (part), Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1830, p. 445. SWAINSON, Mai., 1840, p. 288. Dianisotis KAFINESQUK, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 7. Dipsax VOIGT, Cuvier, Thierreich, III, 1834, p. 493. Barbata, SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1842, p. 81. Clione GISTEL, Nat. Sur. Hoh. Schule Bearb., 1848. Shell generally thin, elliptical, more or less winged posteriorly; beaks rather low, sculptured with fine, somewhat doubly-looped ridges at first, and later with coarse, low, concentric bars, which are nearly par- allel with the growth lines; epidermis smooth, often somewhat rayed ; hinge teeth imperfect; pseudocardiuals feeble or wanting when pres- ent consisting of a single compressed tooth in each valve; laterals single, remote, compressed, sometimes wanting in adult shells. 1 Subgenus CRISTARIA. Schumacher, 1817. (Type, Dipsas plicatns Leach.) Shell large, thicker in front, strongly alate posteriorly, with two or more slightly developed radial ridges on the posterior slope and a row of plications above them; hinge line regularly curved; dorsal scars forming a row running obliquely downward and forward: anterior scars often blurred, posterior faint. t CRISTARIA PLICATA Leach. * Dipsas plicatus LEACH, Zool. Miscellany, I, 1815, p. 120, pi. Lin. 2 * SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 142. *CHENU, Bib. Conch,.lst ser., Ill, 1845, p. 15, pi. vi, fig. 1. * MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 332. *HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Xank., 1879, pis. xxxin, xxxiv, LI, fig. 94. My til H s plicatus SOLANDER, in Gray, Ann. of Phil., IX, 1825, p. 27. Appius plicatus GRAY, in Meuke, Syn. Meth. Moll., 1830, p. 106. * Margarita (Dipsas) plicatus LKA, Syn., 1836, p. 47; 1838, p. 28. * Margaron (Dipsas) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 46; 1870, p. 74. * Unio plicatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pi. LIV., fig. 280. * Dipsas plicata TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Naturg., XIII, 1874, p. 272. * KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 429, pis. xv-xvn, xvm, fig. 1. * Barbala plicata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. .Moll., II, 1857, p. 501, pi. cxvn, figs. 4, 4a. * Anodonta plicata SCHRENCK, Keis. and F. Am. Lande, II, 1867, p. 704, pi. xxvn, fig. 4. 1 The animal has been described in Japanese, but the paper containing the descrip- tion is inaccessible to me. 2 This seems to be the first authentic description of this species. It has been claimed that the Mytiliin dubiu* of Gmelin is this, bnt he refers to figures 733, pi. 82, in the eighth volume of Chemuit/, which, I am quite certain, is not the species in question. 584 Pitoct;Ei>L\<;s or ////: .v./vvov.//. MTSEUM. * Anodonta (Dipsas) plicata CLESSIX. Couch. Cab. Anodonta, 1876, p. 240, pi. xxi, figs. 1, 2. * Cristaria plicata vox IHKRIXG, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 147. * Cristaria tuberculata SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. S.vst., 1817, p. 140, pi. xx, fig. 2. * Anodonta dipsas BLAIXVILLE, Man. Mai., 1825, p. 538, pi. LXVI, fig. 2. * Symplnjtiota Ualata LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1830, p. 445, pi. xiv, fig. 24; Obs., I. 1831, p. 59, pi. xiv, fig. 24. * Unto Ualata HANLEY, Test, Moll. 1842, p. 219; * Hiv. Shells, 1843, p. 214, pi. xxn, fig. 4. * Barbala Ualata CHENU, Man. 1859, p. 145, fig. 717.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., III. 1890, p. 175. * Unio bialalits DESHAYES, Tr. Eleni. Conch., 1839, p. 19, pi. xxxi, fig. 3.* CAT- LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56. * DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 218, pi. xxxi, fig. 3.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. XLVI, fig. 247. * Anodonta magnifica CLESSIX, Conch. Cab. Anodonta, 1873, p. 123, pi. xxxv, fig. 1. * Dipsas occidentalis HEUDE, Concb^-Fluv. Nauk.,IX, 1885, pi. XLVI. * Barbala occiclenialis P.ETEL, Conch, bam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. * Barbala pllcatula P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. China; Japan; Amnrland, south probably to Cambodia. The form from Cambodia, which is referred to C. plicata, is believed by Fischer to be different, and it may be C. bellua. t CRISTARIA BELLUA Morelet. * Anodonta bellua MORELET, Rev. et Mag. Zool., XVIII, 1866, p. 167; Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 331. Cambodia. t CRISTARIA HERCULEA Middendorff. Anodonta herculea MIDDENDORFF, Bull. Phys. Math. Ac. St. Pet., VI, 1848, p. 303; Sib. Reise, II, 1851, p. 278, pi. xxi, fig. 5; xxn, figs. 1, 2; xxvi, figs. 1,2.' * DESHAYES, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus., IX, 1873, p. 1, pi. i, fig. 1. *WESTER- LUXD, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 294. * Anodonta (Dipsas) herculea CLKSSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 175, pi. LIX, figs. 1,2. *Cri8taria herculea vox IHERING, Abh. Seuck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 146. * Barbala Jierculea P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. * Dipsas plicata var. clessini KOBELT, part. Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 429, pi. xv. 2 East Siberia; Amurland; North China.? t CRISTARIA SPATIOSAClessin. "Anodon herculeus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. ill, fig. 7. * Anodonta (Dipsas) spatiosa CLESSIX, Conch. Cab. Anodonta, 1875, p. 173, pi. LVII, fig. 2. 1 Plate xxvi, fig. 2, an interior view, is probably Anodonta beringiana Middendorff. z Craspedodonla smaragdina AXTOX, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 16, No. 592; Clessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 93, pi. xxvn, fig. 2, a badly figured little shell, said to come from North America, may be a young C. herculea. NO. 1203. Sl'SOl'SIS OF THE 5AIAUES VIMI'SOX. 585 *Cristuria spatiosa VON IHERIXG, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 145. *Barbala spatiosa P.ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1J-90, p. 175. *Dipaaa plicata var. japonica KOBETT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 429, pi. XLV1I. Japan. Subgenus PLETHOLOPHUS Simpson, 1900. (Type, Symphynota discoidea Lea.) Shell short-elliptical, lenticular, scarcely thickened in front, with compressed beaks which are sculptured with low, wide, concentric ridges, scarcely winged in front or behind, pointed posteriorly; epider- mis smooth, somewhat rayed; hinge teeth very feeble, often nearly wanting; dorsal scars few ; muscle scars faint. Animal unknown. tCRISTARIA DI OIDEA Lea. *Symphynota discoidea LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 75, pi. xi, fig. 33 ; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 187. pi. xi, fig. 33. *Barbala discoidea H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 501. * CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 145, fig. 716." P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., 1890, p. 175. *Dipsa8 aiscoidea KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 306, pi. c, fig. 1. * Maryarita ( Unio) discoideus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 47 ; 1838, p. 28. *Unio discoidem HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 214; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 214, pi. xxi, fig. 57. * CATLOW :md REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. *Margaron (Unio) discoideus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 46; 1870, p. 74. * Unio tennis GRAY, Griffith's Cuv., XII, 1834, p. 601 (index), pi. xxiv, fig. 2.' *Anodonta cldnensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Auo., 1853, p. 51, pi. xn, fig. 3. *UiomagniJicu8 SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LVII, fig. 289. 'Anodonta gruneriana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 172, pi. i.vi, figs. 3, 4. China. CRISTARIA PARVULA Heude.- * Dipeas parvulus HEUDE (part), Couch. Fluv. Nank., IV, 1878, pi. xxxn, fig. 65. " Barbala parvula P^ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. China. CRISTARIA REINIANA von Martens. *Cristaria reiniana VON MARTENS, Jahrb. Mai. Ges. ,11, 1875, p. 136, pi. in, fig. 4. * ? Dipsas reiniana KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 432, pi. xn, fig. 4; xxi, fig. 2. *Anodonta reiniana VON IHERING, Abh. Seuck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 147. 3 *Barbaia reiniana PJSTEL, Conch. Saru., Ill, 1890, p. 175. Japan. 'A brief description is given in the index only. Gray's and Lea's names seem to have been published the same year, and I do not know which appeared first. I use Lea's because it is the one generally known. -I am doubtful whether this is more than a varietyof C. discoiden. Heude's figure on plate LIU is a very different thing, which I have called C. radiata. 3 Martens says it has distinct cardinals and laterals. 586 CRISTARIA GENTILIANA Heude. "Cristaria gentilianus HEDDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VII, 1881. pi. i-in, fig. 98. ' Barbala (/entiltana PJETEL, Conch. Sam.. Ill, 1890, p. 175. China* t CRISTARIA SWINHOEI H.Adams. * Unio stcinhoei H.ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 319.' SOWERBY, Conch. Icon , XVI, 1868. pi. XLII, fig. 232. P.ETEI., Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Anodonta swinhoei H. ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 446. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Anodonta, 1876. p. 125, pi. LXXV, fig. 6. * P.*:TKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. .Inodon swinhoei SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xxvn, fig. 108. " Margaron ( Unio) swinhoci LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. Formosa; Tonkin; Cambodia. Subgenus CEASSITESTA Simpson, 1900. (Type, Cristarni radiata Simpson.) Shell rather solid, elliptic rhomboid, with a rounded posterior ridge, scarcely winged; beaks full, sculpture not seen; epidermis bright, strongly rayed, with two conspicuous light and three dark rays on the posterior slope; hinge line curved; pseudocardinals and laterals reduced to the merest vestiges; dorsal scars only one or two in the cavity of the beaks; adductor scars faint; nacre lurid. t CRISTARIA RADIATA Simpson.* * Dipsas parniliiH HEUDE (part), Conch. Flnv. Nank., VII, 18X1, pi. MI, fig. 96. China. Genus LEPIDODESMA Simpson, 1896. (Type, I'nio languilali Heude.) Lepidodcsma SIMPSON, Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 311. Shell large, thin, inflated, with a high, sharp, posterior ridge and a second fainter one above, making the hinder part widely biangulate; beaks very high and full, their sculpture, which extends over the whole shell, consisting of ridges that follow the growth lines; there are two rows of radiating nodules, one on the middle of the disk, and a stronger one on the post ridge; ligament very large, wide, covered with con- centric scales; hinge line arched ; two pseudocardinals in the left valve, the anterior elongated, running inwardly across the hinge plate, and ending abruptly, with a shorter, fainter one behind it; with two strong laterals, the inner the higher, its edge reflexed upward, and suddenly truncate behind; one low elongated pseudocardinal in the right valve, 1 This seems to be a Cristaria of the discoidea section. The cardinals are somewhat better developed than is common among Cristarias, but are still quite faint -Heude has figured two different species under the name of Dipsas parndus, on plate xxxn. I have therefore given the last-described form the name radiata. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPsa\. 587 and one lateral, which is reflexed upward; epidermis folded into the hinge, and scaly; a single dorsal scar on the inner side of each hinge plate; muscle scars united ; palleal line distinct ; beak cavities large and wide; nacre very dull. Animal unknown. tLEPIDODISMA LANGUILATI Heude. '* Unio languilati HEUDE, J.de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 116; * Conch. Flnv. Nank., I, 1875, pi. vii. P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. ' Lepidodesma languilati SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 311. * Cristaria megadesma VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1875, p. 3; * Mai. Bl., XXII, 1875, p. 187; * Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 152, pi. cxxxv, fig. 1. * Barbula megadesma P.ETEL, Conoh. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. China. LEPIDODESMA ALIGERA Heude. * Unio languilatus var. aligerus HEUDE, Conch. Flnv. Nank., Ill, 1877, pi. xvn, fig. 37. *P.KTEI., Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * Lepidodesma aligera SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 189H, p. 311. China. Genus PILSBRYOCONCHA Simpson, 19OO. (Type, Anodonta ejrilis Lea.) Shell elongated, elliptical, compressed, thin, with a low, posterior wing, narrow and rounded in front, nearly straight below, expanded at the post-basal region, pointed behind. Beaks compressed, sculptured with several coarse, low, irregularly concentric undulations, often slightly doubly looped ; surface nearly smooth, shining, yellowish to ashy brownish, sometimes showing very faint rays; hinge straight or slightly curved, reduced to a mere line, often showing a faint, com- pressed, smooth tooth in front of the beaks, otherwise edentulous; nacre brilliant, silvery and iridescent; muscle scars faint. Animal pure milky white; lobes of the mantle united behind into two short siphons. ' t PILSBRYOCONCHA LINGUvEFORMIS Morelet. * Anodonta Ungua>formis MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 329. pi. xiv, fig. 5. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 181. * Margaron ( Unio) linguaformig LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. Siam; Cambodia". t PILSBRYOCONCHA EXILIS Lea. * Anodonta exilis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p. 81, pi. xxn, fig. 68; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 81, pi. xxn, fig. 68.* TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Natnrg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 239. * HAN-LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 224; *- Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 224. "* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. * MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 327. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Auo., 1875, p. 171, pi. LVI, figs. 6-8. * PJETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 179. 'According to Deshayes, .11. de Couch., 1875, pp. 81-85. He does not give any other characters of the soft parts. 588 riini-KKinstis or rin: \ATK>\AI. MISI:I.M. " Margarita (Anodonla) exilis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 32. * Anodon ejilis CATLOW and RKKVE, Conch. Xom., 1845, p. 66. * Margaron (Anodonta) will* LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. Monocondytoa exilis P.-ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. * Anodonla siliqiia KrsTKH? Conch. Cab. Ano., 1852, p. 57, pi. XIV, tig. 5. * Anodonta polila Moussox, L. and Suss. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 98, pi. xix. figs. 2, 3. * Moussox, Zeits. fiir Mai., VII, 1851, p. 46. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 504. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 183. Margaron (Anodonta) poUta LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 53. " Anodon politnx SOWKKHY. Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. XII, fig. 36. * t Monocondyloa comprcssa LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863,p. 190; * .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 30, pi. xi, fig. 29; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 34, pi. xi, fig. 29. CLESSIX, Conch. Cab. AUG., 1876, p. 258, pi. LXXX, figs. 3, 4. * Psendodon comprcssa CONRAD, Am. .11. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. * Jlargaron (Monocondylaa) compressa LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73. * Spatlta compressa P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 188. * Anodon jarana SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xi, fig. 33. * Anodon graciliit SOWERBY? Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xiv, fig. 45. * Anodon lellettl SOWERBY? Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xix, fig. 71. *t Anodonta sempervirens DESHAYES, Xouv. Arch, de Mus., X, 1874, p. 120, pi. v, figs. 4, 5. * P^ETEI., Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 184. Southeastern Asia, Sumatra, Java. tPILSBRYOCONCHA CARINIFERA Conrad. * Anodon ta carl nifera CONRAD, Cover of Monography, No. 9, 1837. 1 TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., IV, 1838, Pt. 2, p. 288. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Southeastern Asia, probably. PILSBRYOCONCHA LEMSLEYI Morelet. * Anodonta lemslryi MORELET, 3 Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 328, pi. xiv, fig. 1. PyETEL, Coi-ch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 181. Cambodia, Siam. PILSBRYOCONCHA SCHOMBURGKI von Martens. 'Anodonta schombun/ki vox MARTENS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15. , Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 184. Siam. Genus MEDIONIDUS Simpson, 19OO. (Type, Unio conradiciis Lea.) Medionidus SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 77. Shell elongated, rather inflated, often arcuate when adult, sometimes having a posterior ridge; dorsal slope and occasionally the posterior 'There is a specimen of Pilzbryoconcha in the Philadelphia Academy which agrees perfectly with Conrad's description, and is probably the type. My attention was called to this by Mr. Pilsbry, who believes this to be the shell Conrad described. It is rather a small species. -An old, elongated, rather peculiar shell. Conrad's species may be the young of it, and Morelet believes that Martens' A. schombingki is very close to his shell I have not seen a sufficient amount of material of this genus to determine with cer- tainty whether all these are valid species. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SlMTsoy. 589 portion of the shell plicately or nodulously wrinkled; epidermis smooth and bright, variegated with broken green rays and blotches; beak sculp- ture consisting of rather fine, subparallel, often broken ridges in two loops, the anterior rounded, the posterior somewhat angled, occasion- ally broken up into zigzags; l pseudocardiuals small, stumpy and some- what roughened; laterals rather short, slightly curved and club-shaped, remote; dorsal cicatrices few, placed under the hinge just behind the beaks; anterior cicatrices rather deep; posterior cicatrices rounded, large, and well impressed; anterior part of shell somewhat thickened; female shell slightly swollen just behind the middle of the base. Animal with the inner gills wholly or in part free from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the central posterior part of the outer gills, sometimes extending nearly their whole length, consisting of few to many rather large, irregular ovisacs, which are not so distinctly marked out as in Lampsilis, but which have rounded bases; mantle much thickened on its lower edge, which is dark colored and sometimes papillous. (Group of Medionidus conradicus.} Shell small, usually with a well-denned posterior ridge; posterior end and sometimes the greater part, of the shell slightly wrinkled or nodu- lous; epidermis rather smooth, painted with rays broken into irregular arrow-head markings or blotches; pseudocardinals rather small and imperfectly developed; laterals of left valve separated by a narrow, shallow furrow; nacre greenish, purplish, or bluish. The male shell is often decidedly arcuate; that of the female is swollen at or behind the center of the base. Animal having the characters of the genus. t MEDIONIDUS CONRADICUS Lea. * Vnio conradicus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p. 63, pi. ix, fig. 23; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 175, pi. ix, fig. 23. * FERUSSAC, Guerin. Mag., 1835, p. 29. '* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176, pi. xxm, fig. 22.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Noui., 1845, p. 57. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.' H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. *KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 179, pi. LVI, fig. 5. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. nv, fig. 278. * P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Margarita ( Unio) conradicus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14. MargttroH ( L'nio) conradicus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21. I'nio conradius CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 87, pi. XLVII, fig. 3. * .}faryaron ( I'nio) con radian us LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. * I'nio conradiamis B. H. WRIGHT, Check List. 1888. Tennessee Eiver drainage; Cahawba River, Alabama, and probably the entire Alabama Kiver system. 'The beaks in all the specimens of Fnio sitbtenlus that I have examined were too badly eroded to make out the character of the sculpture with certainty. In a gen- eral way they seemed to be much like those of the C'onradicus group, only coarser. 590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE I'M. tMEDIONIDUS PARVULUS Lea. Hi 10 parrnlus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307 ; " .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 45, pi. xvi, fig. 43; *Obs., XL, 1867, p. 49, pi. xvi, fig. 43.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Maryaron ( Unio) j>arruJun LEA, Syn.. 1870, p. 32. Ooosa River, Alabama; Chattanooga and Swamp creeks, northwest Georgia. fMEDIONIDUS PENICILLATUS Lea. Unio penicillatus EA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 203, pi. xxm, fig. 85; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 21, pi. xxm, fig. 85. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Maryaron ( Unio) penlcillatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia. tMEDIONIDUS KINGI B. H. Wright. Unio kingi B. H. WRIGHT, Nautilus, XII, 1900, p. 138. Branch of Flint River, Baker County, Georgia. tMEDIONIDUS ACUTISSIMUS Lea. - Unio aciitissimus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 89, pi. x, fig. 18; *Obs., I, 1834. p. 99, pi. \, tig. 18.* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67. " FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. * CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 86, pl.XLVii, fig.2. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 177; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 177, pi. xxn, fig. 35. *CATLOW and REEVE, Couch. Nom., 1845, p. 55. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.* H. and A. ADAMS. Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. vm, tigs. 3, 3o, 30. *SOWERBV, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvi, fig. 189. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P/ETEL, Couch. Sam., III. J890, p. 143. *Maryarita ( Unio) acntissimm LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 14. *Maryaron ( Unio) actitlxsimm LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. *Unio semiplicatus K LISTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 279, pi. xciv, tig. 4.' *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Unio rubellinus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 32; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 70, pi. xin, fig. 51; f Obs., VI, 1858, p. 70, pi. xin, lig. 51. * SOWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xc, fig. 490. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888." P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. *Maryaron ( Unio) rubeUinus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. Alabama River system. (Group of Metlioniflus walkeri.) Shell rather short, inflated, with a high, posterior ridge; posterior slope strongly corrugated; epidermis dark, slightly clouded; nacre red- dish or greenish. l There is a Unio semipllcatiw of Troschel in Wiegman's Archiv. for 1841, p. 180. but I do not kno\v what is. Knster credits his species to Australia, but it is evidently Lea's shell, no such species being found in Australia. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE y.UAUESslMI'XO*. 591 tMEDIONIDUS WALKERI B. H. Wright. * Unio walkeri B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 91. "Lampsilis walkeri SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.. 1900, p. 77, pi. i. rig. 5. Suwanee River, Florida; Ocklockonee River, Georgia. (Group of Medionidits axbientus.) Shell elongate-elliptical, scarcely inflated, with an ill-defined poste- rior ridge, the posterior slope being strongly, corrugately wrinkled; beaks apparently sculptured with coarse, irregular, broken ridges, somewhat doubly looped: epidermis bright, with broken rays which sometimes form irregular patches, but are usually developed into square spots; pseudocardinals rather small, stumpy; laterals rather strong, club-shaped, generally showing traces of vertical striatiou; nacre dull, bluish white. The female shell is very slightly inflated just behind the center of the base, the male often becomes arcuate when old. Animal unknown. t MEDIONIDUS SUBTENTUS Say. *Unio snbtenttis SAY, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1825, p. 130; Am. Conch., I, No. 2, 1831, pi. xv.* CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXVI, 1834, p. 343, pi. i, fig. 1 ; * New F.W, Shells, 1834, p.7L * FBKUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * HOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 209. * CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 85, pi. XLVIII, fig. 1. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176, pi. xx, tig. 34. "CHENC, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 25, pi. iv, figs. 2,2a, 2b. r CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* KUSTER, Conch Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 164, pi. XLVII, fig. 4. r ll. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.* SOWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXII, fig. 370. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890. p. 168. * Margarita ( Unio) sttbtentus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14. *Maryaron ( Unio) subtentus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. *Unio sHbtenta DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 555; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 675. Tennessee and Cumberland River systems. Genus NEPHRONAIAS Crosse and Fischer, 1893. (Type, Unio plicatulus Charpeutier.) Nepronaias CROSSE and FISCHER, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1893, p. 556. Shell elliptical, biangulate behind, that of the male showing a tend- ency to become arcuate with age, the female usually having a post- basal inflation and never arcuate; surface concentrically sculptured; beaks low, with faint broken ridges which show a tendency to fall into two rounded loops; pseudocardinals generally rather compressed, rag- ged, laterals obliquely ridged; cavity of the beaks rather deep, dorsal muscle scars distinct, running in a line from the beak cavity downward and forward. Animal with the branchiu- rounded below, outer the larger behind, inner the larger anteriorly, free from the abdominal sac 592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. for all or part of their length ; mantle thickened on the edge, which is often dark colored; anal and branchial openings large and well fur- nished with papilla. Nothing is known of the marsupiuin of any mem- bers of this group, the animals examined probably being males; but it is most likely that when gravid the ovules will be found in distinctly marked ovisacs in the posterior part of the outer gills, something as in Lampsilis. (Group of Nephronaias medellinus.) Shell scarcely sulcate, shining, rather brightly rayed, distinctly bian- gulate behind, solid, swollen; beaks rather full, with delicate sculpture; pseudocardiuals solid, stumpy, trigonal; laterals heavy, somewhat club- shaped; nacre rich and soft, silvery or purple; female shell consider- ably inflated at the post- basal region, and differing somewhat from that of the male. t NEPHRONAIAS MEDELLINUS Lea. f Unio purpuriatus SAY, New Harmony, Diss. (newspaper form), January 15, 1831. ' * Unio medellinus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 39, pi. xn, fig. 34 ; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 39, pi. xn, fig. 34. * TROSCHKL, Arch, fur Naourg., V, 1839, Pt.2, p. 236. *HAXLEY, Test. Moll, 1842, p. 193; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pi. xxi, fig. 19; pi. xxin, fig. 8. *CATLO\V and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvn, figs. 6, 6a, 6Z>. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 162, pi. XLVI, fig. 5. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxni, fig. 171. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. * P'lsCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 603. * Margarita ( Unio) medtlUnus, LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 19. * Maryaron (Unio) medrllinus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. t*Cnio strebeli, LEA,- Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 133; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 318, pi. LI, fig. 131 ; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 78, pi. LI, fig. 131. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 595. *Margaron ( Unio) Strebeli, LEA, Syn.. 1870, p. 53. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. t NEPHRONAIAS SAPOTALENSIS Lea. * UniosapotalensesLKAj'PT. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 30; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 233, pi. xxi, fig. 47; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 71, pi. xxi, fig. 47.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxni, figs. 4, 4a, 4&. *Sow- ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. XLI, fig. 495. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1 Believed by Conrad to be the same as Lea's medellinus. Fischer and Crosse in Mission Scientifique (see following reference) are doubtful about this, as Say's species was never figured, and his description does not just agree with Lea's species. As the type is not known to be in existence I think under the circumstances, since we can not be sure of what Say described, it is best to use Lea's name. -The type which is in the collection of the U. S. National Museum is, without doubt, a young medeUinuH. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 593 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166.* FISCHER and CROSSE, Misa. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 601, pi. LXVII, figs. 2, 2a. * Margaron ( Unio) sapotalensis LEA,t Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. Sapotal River, Vera Cruz, Mexico. (Group of Nephronaias averyi.) 1 Shell triangular-ovate, bluntly pointed in front, and biangulate behind, considerably inflated, irregularly silicate; umbonal region mod- erately developed ; beaks sculptured with fine, irregular ridges which have a tendency to fall into two rounded loops; pseudocardinals slightly compressed, ragged; laterals having feeble, oblique striation; front part of the shell somewhat thickened; posterior part thinner; nacre dull, whitish. Animal unknown. t NEPHRONAIAS AVERYI Lea. * Unio averyi LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 281; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 269, pi. XLIV, fig. 149 ; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 87, pi. XLIV, fig. 149. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) averyi LEA, Syn., 1870. p. 36. Isthmus of Darien. f NEPHRONAIAS CALDWELLII Lea. * Unio caldwellii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 118 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 265, pi. XLIII, fig. 145; * Obs., VII, i860, p. 83, pi. XLIII, fig. 145. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 477. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * Margaron ( Unio) caldwellii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Isthmus of Darien. (Group of Nephronaias macnielii.) Shell solid, slightly sulcate, biaugulate behind, covered with a dull, olivaceous epidermis and having faint, bluish green rays ; beaks rather full, sculpture feeble, consisting of slightly outlined ridges, somewhat doubly looped, the looped lines becoming swollen or nodulous at their bases; pseudocardinals compressed and ragged; laterals obliquely striated; nacre bluish white, very soft and brilliant, somewhat irides- cent posteriorly; male and female shells differing but slightly. Animal unknown. fNEPHRONAIAS MACNIELII Lea. * Unio macnielii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIII, 1869, p. 124; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, p. 25, pi. vin, fig. 22; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 29, pi. vin, fig. 22. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888." P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. Nicaragua. 1 1 have only seen two specimens of Lea's Unio averyi and one of his U. caldwellii, and I can not be certain as to their systematic position. In the latter the beak sculpture, which is slightly worn, is much of the character of the species of Neph- ronaias generally, and not like that of Unio, and though somewhat worn the shell shows traces on the posterior end of faint, bluish green rays. One of the former is slightly more inflated in the post- basal region than the other. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 38 594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. tNAPHRONAIAS OREGONENSIS Lea. 1 * Unio oregonensis'LKA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc:, V, 1852, p. 252; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 275, pi. xxn, fig. 33 ; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 31, pi. xxii, fig. 33.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * MUSGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. n, fig. 5. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIV, fig. 383. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJSTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * Margaron ( Unio) oregonensis, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29 ; 1870, p. 45. !N icaragua. tNEPHRONAIAS ROWELLII Lea. * Unio rowellii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 153; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 256, pi. XL, fig. 136 ; * Obs., VII, p. 74, pi. XL, fig. 136.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVIII, fig. 471.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. * Margaron ( Unio) rowellii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Nicaragua; Guatemala; Chagres River, Colombia. tNEPHRONAIAS GOASCORANENSIS Lea. * Unio goascoranensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 118; * Jl. Ac.'N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 258, pi. XLI, fig. 139 ; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 76, pi. XLI, fig. 139. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) goascoranensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. Goascorau Kiver, Honduras. t NEPHRONAIAS DYSONII Lea. * Unio dysonii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 152 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 252, pi. xxxix, fig. 132; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 70, pi. xxxix, fig. 132. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) dysonii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Honduras; Costa Rica. tNEPHRONAIAS TEHUANTEPECENSIS Crosse and Fischer. * Unio ielmantepecensis CROSSE and FISCHER, J. do Couch., XLI, 1893, p. 296. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 618, pi. LXV, figs. 3, 3a, 4. Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico; Honduras. (Group of Nephronaias reticulatus.) Shell evenly elliptical, slightly biangulate behind, solid and inflated ; surface covered with fine, concentric ridges and having delicate, radiat- ing furrows which cut the sulcations and form them into loops. 1 1 formerly believed that this species, with the one preceding and following it, ran together. More recent study, with a large amount of additional material, inclines me to think that perhaps they may be valid species. Under the name of I'nio rowellii Mr. Lea has in his collection two large N. macneilii, one large roicellii, three smaller ones and several valves, and two goascor anemia, a species which is very close to the rest, but probably as good as most of the Mexican forms. I find specimens which I can scarcely refer with certainty to macnielil or oregonensis, but which seem to have to some extent the characters of both. This, with a number of the Mexican and Central American forms, is exceedingly pu/xling. This species occurs with N. rowellii and macnielii. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 595 tNEPHRONAIAS RETICULATUS Simpson. * Nt,phronaias reticitlatus SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 77, pi. n, fig. 3. Patook River, Honduras. (Group of Nephronaias scamnatus.) Shell elliptical to elongate, compressed, strongly sulcate, rather solid, subbiangular behind; that of the female inflated at post-base; epider- mis olive to brown, sometimes feebly rayed; beak sculpture delicate and but slightly marked, consisting of faint, parallel ridges, which show a tendency to fall into two rounded loops; hinge rather solid; pseudocardinals stumpy, ragged, laterals straight; front part of the shell solid and suddenly becoming thinner behind; nacre bluish, white, salmon, or purple. Animal unknown. tNEPHRONAIAS SCAMNATUS Morelet. * Unio scamnatus MORELET, Test. Nov., No. 1, 1849, p. 30. *POEY, Mem. Hist. Cuba, II, 1858, p. 417. *ARANGO, Faun. Mai, Cuba, 1878, p. 144. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Margaron ( Unio) scamnatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 40; 1870, p. 35. * Unio gundJachi SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVI, fig. 248. Cuba; Honduras? t NEPHRONAIAS GUNDLACHI Dunker. *Unio gundlachi DUNKKR,' Mai. Blatt., V, 1858, p. 228. *ARANGO, Faun. Mai. Cuba, 1878, p. 144. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. Cuba. NEPHRONAIAS /ERUGINOSUS Morelet. 2 * Unio ceruginosus MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 29.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 596, pi. LXII, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. River Michol, at Paleuque, State of Chiapas, Mexico. 1 Lea and Poey regard this as the equivalent of N. scamnatus of Morelet, while Arango believes it to be distinct. Unfortunately both species were described in Latin and not figured, but Dunker states that his species is inflated posteriorly and has a bluish nacre, and it is probable that he had before him a female shell when he wrote the description, for one of the Cuban species, which I think is gundlachi, has a bluish nacre, and the female shell is decidedly swollen at the post-basal region. In another form, which I presume is N. scamnatus of Morelet, the nacre is rather dark, the shell somewhat elongated, and that of the female does not greatly differ from the male. 2 1 am not positive that this species belongs here, but its form is like that of most of the members of the genus, and Crosse and Fischer state that the beaks in their specimen are entire and smooth. In several of the species of this genus the beak sculpture is very faint, while in Unio it is almost always strong. These considerations lead me to place the species here. 596 I'llOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. NEPHRONAIAS YZABALENSIS Crosse and Fischer. * Unio yzdbalensia CROSSK and FISCHER, J. do Conch., XL, 1892, p. 294. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt.7, II, 1894, p. 597, pi. LXIV, figs. 4, 4a, 4&. 1 Lake Ysabal, Guatemala. t NEPHRONAIAS RUGULOSUS Charpentier in Kuster. * Unio rugulosus CHARPENTIER in KUSTER, Couch. Cah. Unio, 1856, p. 154, pi. XLIV, fig. 5.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. 2 Habitat. A shell in the Lea collection, which I take to be this, is marked " Mexico." NEPHRONAIAS PERSULCATUS Lea.' * Unio persulcatm LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 153; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 255, pi. XL, fig. 135 ; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 73, pi. XL, fig. 135. * MUSGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. n, fig. 3. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 1, II, 1894, p. 614. * Margaron ( Unio) persulcatm LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. Mexico. f NEPHRONAIAS CALIMATARUM Morelet. * Unio calimatarum MORELET, Teat. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 30." ? SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIV, fig. 385.- 1 * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 612. Margaron ( Unio) calimatarum LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 63. Mexico; Guatemala. t NEPHRONAIAS TABASCOENSIS Charpentier in Kuster. *Unio tdbascoemis CHARPENTIER in KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 153.pl. XLIV, fig. 3 5 . * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* CROSSE and FISCHER, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 611. * Margaron ( Unio) tabascoensis LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 61. Mexico; Honduras; Cuba? 1 Probably a mere variety of ceruginosus. 2 Kuster credits this species to Australia and says that it has a purple nacre. The nacre of all the Australiau species is whitish, and the shell is evidently a member of this group. 3 This and the related species are extremely puzzling. Although I have been able to examine a good deal of material, yet 1 find great variation in the specimens, and few of them acurately agree with the figures and descriptions. Fischer and Crosse believe this to be Morelet's species. It looks like a short ciiprinus, but Sowerby says it is solid, and has a dirty-white nacre, while cuprinus is rather thin and is copper colored throughout. 6 The specimens which I have seen do not wholly agree with Kuster's figure and description, but are nearer to that than anything else. The material in the U. S. National Museum is mostly from Honduras though there are specimens credited to Cuba. Lea referred these to N. scamnatus Morelet. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 597 tNEPHRONAIAS PLICATULUS Charpentier in Kuster. * Unio plicatulua CHARPENTIER in KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 154, pi. XLIV, fig. 4. *FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 1. II, 1894, p. 598. Mexico. tNEPHRONAIAS RAVISTELLUS Morelet. * Unioravistellus MORELET, Test. Noviss., No. 1,1849, p. 29. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Uuio, 1856, pi. XLII, fig. 6. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. *FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 609, pi. LXI, figs. 4, 5, and 5a. *Margaron ( Unio) ravistellus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. Guatemala. tNEPHRONAIAS VELLICATUS Reeve. * Unio vellicatm REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxn, fig. 103. "B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^5TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. *Fl8CHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 610. Guatemala. NEPHRONAIAS MELLEUS Lea. * Unio melleus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 152; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 250, pi. xxxvm, fig. 129; *Obs. VII, 1860, p. 68, pi. xxxvin, tig. 129. *REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxi, fig. 92. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam.,III, 1890, p. 158. *Margaron ( Unio) melleus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. l Mexico or Central America, no doubt. GENUS GLEBULA Conrad 1853. (Type, Unio rotundata Lamarck.) 2 Glebula CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 268. Shell solid, much inflated, short elliptical, bluntly pointed and slightly biangulate behind, with a low, posterior ridge; female shell swollen at post base; beaks compressed, the sculpture not seen; epidermis brown- ish, clothlike; pseudocardinals divided into irregularly radiating, gran- ular lamina, sometimes to the number of a dozen or more in each valve; hinge plate reduced to a mere rounded line behind the pseudocardi- nals; laterals short, remote, anterior adductor scars deep, smooth; there is in each valve only a single, large, semicircular posterior scar 1 1 am not certain just where this and the preceding species should he placed. This remark can be applied to a number of other forms placed in this genus. 2 1 have examined a number of animals of the only species of this curious genus, but regret that they were badly decayed, and that none were gravid. In one speci- men several ovisacs were distended with gas, and these were separated by a deep sulcus. This fact, the union of the inner gills with the abdominal sac, and the post- basal swelling seen on some shells incline me to believe that it is a highly organized species. 598 PROCEEDING S OF THE NA TIONAL M USE UM. VOL. xxn. with a straight edge in front; dorsal scars numerous, distinct, placed back of the pseudocardinals; cavity of the beaks not deep or com- pressed ; nacre dull lurid to purplish brown. Animal with gills nearly equal in size, inner slightly the larger in front, united the whole length to the abdominal sac; ovisacs apparently separated from each other by a sulcus as in Lampsilis; palpi very large, wide, wrinkled ; mantle having a wide, slightly thickened border, double edged, the inner being beautifully toothed ; branchial opening papillose; anal crenulate; foot small; whole animal the color of the nacre. t GLEBULA ROTUND AT A Lamarck. * Unio rotundata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75. *LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 201. *Glebula rotundata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 268. *Unio rotundatus HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pi. xxiii, fig. 30. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 63. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio,-1861, p. 256, pi. LXXXVI, fig. 4. *REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxm, fig. 106. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. *CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 47, pi. IX. * Margarita (Unio) rotundatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23. *Margaron ( Unio) rotundatus LEA, Syn. 347, 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55. *Unio suborbiculata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 81. *LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 201. *DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 546; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 671. * Unio suborbiculatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. Unio glebulus SAY, Transylvania Jl., IV, 1831, p. 526. SAY, Am. Conch., No. IV, 1832, pi. xxxiv ; No. V, 1832, p. 4 (of cover). CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69. CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 46, pi. xi, figs. 10-12. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, pi. LXXIV, fig. 384. ''Unio glebulus P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. *Unio subglobosus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 30, pi. n, fig. 3; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 142, pi. n. fig. 3. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIV, fig. 321. *Unio granadensis CONRAD,' Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1855, p. 256. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Louisiana; eastern Texas; Eio Grande Eiver; Escainbia County. Florida. 1 Conrad says it is suboval, with the disks somewhat flattened, with minute, radiat- ing lines extending to the tips of the beaks. The rotundata sometimes shows radi- ating ridges at the beaks in eroded specimens. He also states that the nacre of his species is purple. The description therefore fits Lamarck's species perfectly, though I have never known the species to come from so far west as the Rio Grande Conrad's locality. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 599 Genus OBOVARIA Rafinesque, 1819. (Type, Unio retusa Lamarck.) Oboraria RAFINESQUE, J. de Phys. China. Hist. Nat., 1819, p. 426.' Shell short, oval, rounded or retuse, solid, inflated, thick iu front, thinner behind, with high beaks which are sculptured with very faint, irregular, often broken and slightly nodulous ridges which show a ten- dency to fall into two loops, the posterior often open behind ; epidermis dull, brownish, silky or clothlike, rarely rayed, rays indistinct; female shell but slightly inflated in the post-basal region, commonly having a shallow furrow or a flattened area at the posterior end ; pseudocardinals solid, stumpy; laterals short, club-shaped; anterior and posterior cica- trices deep and distinct; nacre bluish white or purple. Animal with very short gills, the inner united to the abdominal sac throughout; marsupium projecting far below the rest of the branchia3 and occupying the posterior portion of the outer gills, dolabriform or kidney shaped ; mantle with a wide, thickened double-edged border, the inner edge of which is often slightly toothed at its postbasal part. Subgenus OBOVARIA Rafinesque, 1819. (Type, Unio retusa Lamarck.) Shell retrose to short oval; beaks high, central; pseudocardiuals rarely parallel with the laterals; cavity of the beaks deep, subcom- pressed; nacre bluish white or purple. Animal with the characters of the genus. f OBOVARIA RETUSA Lamarck. *Unio retusa Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72. FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed.,VI, 1835, p. 534 ; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668. *Unio retusus CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 19, pl.vin. * REEVE, Conch. Syst.,1, 1841, p. 118, pl.LXXxvm, fig. 16. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 202; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 202, pi. xxi, fig. 11. *CATLOW and REKVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 63. * KUSTER Couch. Xpon. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 58, pi. xiii, fig. 2. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXI, fig. 363. * CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 44. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165.* CALL, Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 45, pi. vin. "Margarita ( Unio) retusus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34 ; 1838, p. 23. *Margaron ( Unio) retusus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. * Unio torsus POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 149, pi. LVII, figs. 1, 2. Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. 'I am utterly unahle to guess as to what Rafinesque's first species (Obovaria obo- valis) is, and the second (0. torsa) is either the Unio retusa of Lamarck or u variety of Lea's U. circulus with purple nacre, I can not he certain which. Which of these two nearly related species it may he, I consider it sufficient to establish the genus, his description being applicable. 600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tOBOVARIA CIRCULUS Lea. * Unio circulus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 111,1829, p. 433, pi. ix, fig. 14 j 1 *Obs., I, 1834, p. 47, pi. ix, fig. 14. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 77. *DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed.,VI, 1835, p. 549; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672. * ANTON, Verz. der Couch., 1839, p. 14.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pi. xx, fig. 23.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nora., 1845, p. 57.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 41, pi. vm, fig. 2.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvi, figs. 1, la, II. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvn, fig. 135.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( 771(0) circulus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 22. *Margaron ( Unio) circulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55. * Unio subrotundus FERUSSAC, part, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. 2 CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258. * Unio subrotundus Raf. v. circulus P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. *Mya rotunda WOOD, Index Test. (Rev.), 1856, p. 199, pi. i, Supp., fig. 1. Ohio, Tennessee and Cumberland river systems; southeast Louisiana; Alabama and Tombigbee drainage? Reported from Michigan and the St. Lawrence drainage, but the forms in this area are probably 0. leibii, which is perhaps only a variety of 0. circulus. fOBOVARIA TINKERI B.H.Wright. * Unio tinkeri B. H. WRIGHT, Nautilus, XIII, 1899, p. 7. *0lovaria tinkeri SIMPSON, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 78, pi. iv, fig. 3. Tombigbee River, Alabama; Columbus, Mississippi. t OBOVARIA LENS Lea. 3 * Unio lens LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila., IV, 1831, p. 80, pi. vm, fig. 10; * Obs. I, 1834, p. 90, pi. vm, fig. 10. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pi. xxi, fig. 4.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 60. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1856, pi. vm, figs. 10, 10a, 10&. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvn, fig. 134. *SOWERBY, Conch., Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvn, fig. 200.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * Margarita ( Unio) lens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 22. *Margaron ( Unio) lens LEA, Syn., 1852, p, 34; 1870, p. 55. *1Unio lamgatus SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. 1 The figured type has a purple nacre. 2 Ferussac makes this= U. orbiculalus Hildreth also. " This is sometimes considered a synonym of 0. circulus. The two species are exces- sively variable in form, and both often have a pink or purplish nacre. While indi- viduals may occasionally be found which can only be referred to either species with doubt, the majority of specimens can readily be determined, and Dr. V. Sterki informs me that he has found differences in the animals of the two. As I have only been able to examine the soft parts of young specimens I have not detected any differential characters in them. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. tOBOVARIA LENS var. DEPYGIS Conrad. * Unio depygis CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., II, 1866, p. 107, pi. x, fig. 1. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Ohio Kiver drainage; southern Michigan. tOBOVARIA UNICOLOR Lea.' * Unio unicolor LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX^ 1848, p. 74, pi. iv, fig. 12; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 48, pi. iv, fig. 12. * CONRAD Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 259. *H. ami A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. *Margaron ( Unio} unicolor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55. Mississippi and Alabama, in streams flowing into the Gulf. tOBOVARIA LEIBII Lea. 2 *Unio ItiUi LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 168; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 44, pi. xv, fig. 42; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 48, pi. xv, fig. 42* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) leibii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. Lake Erie and streams falling into it; southern Michigan ; ?Sequatchie Eiver, Tennessee. tOBOVARIA ROTULATA B. H.Wright. * Unio rotulatus B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 22. * Obovaria rotulata SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 78, pi. iv, fig. 2. Eocambia River, Escambia County, Florida. Subgenus PSEUDOO'N Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio ellipsis Lea.) Shell elliptical, inflated, solid, that of the males slightly pointed at the upper posterior part ; epidermis brownish or blackish, ray less or very feebly rayed, beaks anterior; pseudocardinals solid, stumpy, or slightly elongate in age, and showing a tendency toward being parallel with the laterals; cicatrices deep; nacre silvery, iridescent posteriorly. Animal with mantle having a wide, thickened, double border, the inner edge being toothed throughout below; gills small; marsupium not reaching to the posterior end of the outer branchia;, though extend- ing quite well forward; ovisacs rather numerous, large and distinct, tinted with purple below; anal and branchial openings finely toothed. *The type is a young female, somewhat broken, and besides this Lea has a shell which he has so named that I believe is O. castaneus. Under the name of Unio lens (Cat. No. 85743, U.S.N.M.) he has a young shell from Jackson, Mississippi, which is a young male unicolor. The species grows to the size of 0. lens, but shows dull rays and is more inflated than that species. 2 Dr. Lea states that the type is from Erie County, Michigan. There is no county of that name in the State, and his specimens may be from Erie County, Ohio. I am very doubtful whether it is more than a dwarf variety of U. drculus, as specimens have been seen from Tennessee which seem to stand between the two forms. 602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. fOBOVARIA ELLIPSIS Lea. * f Unio brevialis SOWERBY, Rec. and Foss. Shells, XVI, fig. (110 date). * Unio ellipsis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1828, p. 268, pi. iv, fig. 4 ; * Obs., 1, 1834 ? p. 10, pi. iv, fig. 4. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 75.* SAY, Am. Conch. I, No. II, 1831.* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 547 ; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188, pi. xxi, fig. 7.* POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 150, pi. LVIII, figs. 1, 2. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nona., 1845, p. 58. * CHENU, Bih. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 22, pi. iv, tigs. 1, la, 16. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 43, pi. vm, fig. 4. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvni, figs. 1, la, 16.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll.. II, 1857, p. 495. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXX, figs. 4, 24. * CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 42. * LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, 1882, p. 50. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam. ,111, 1890, p. 151. * Margarita ( Unio) ellipsis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. * Margaron ( Unio) ellipsis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. * Unio triangularis SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * Unio olivarius CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.* FERUSSAC, Goer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. * Unio taitianus SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVII, fig. 338. * Uniopealei LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1871, p. 191 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 26, pi. vm, fig. 23; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 30, pi. vm, fig. 23. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Upper Mississippi system as far south as the Tennessee and Arkansas rivers; St. Lawrence drainage area. fOBOVARIA CASTANEA Lea. * Fnio castaneus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 91, pi. xi, fig. 21 ; ' * Obs., I, 1834, p. 101, pi. xi, fig. 21. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188 ; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188, pi. xxn, fig. 30. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 57.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xi, figs. 5, 5a, 56.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. *Marf/arita (Unio) castaneus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. * Margaron (Unio) castaneus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. Streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, from the Alabama Eiver west to the Nechez. The following species are unflgured and indeterminable. *Obovaria cordata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 312, pi. LXXXII, figs. 6, 7. *0bovaria stegaria RAFINBSQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 312, pi. LXXXII, figs. 4, 5. 1 The name castaneus was applied to some Unio which I am unable to determine, by Rafinesque in a continuation of a monograph on the Bivalve Shells of the River Ohio, etc., in October, 1831. According to Scudder, Lea's name was published the latter part of the same year, but I have no means of knowing which appeared first. Under the circumstances I use Lea's name. HO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 603 ' Obovaria striata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brnx., V, 1820, p. 311. * Obovaria torsa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 312, pi. LXXXII, figs. 1,3. * Obliquaria retusa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 306, pi. LXXXI, figs. 19, 20. Genus PLAGIOLA (Rafinesque, 1819) Agassiz. (Type, Unio securis Lea.) Plagiola RAFINESQUE, J. de Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat., 1819, p. 426. AGASSIZ, Arch, fur Nat., 1852, p. 48, redefined. Shell triangular ovate, somewhat inflated, solid, with a distinct and often sharp posterior ridge; surface concentrically sculptured; umboual area somewhat flattened; beaks high, sculptured with delicate, parallel, doubly looped ridges, the anterior loop rounded, the posterior angular; pseudocardinals ragged; laterals club-shaped, straight or slightly curved; cavity of the beaks moderate, often somewhat compressed; nacre silvery; female shell more or less inflated at postbasal region. Animal with the outer gills narrow in front, wide behind; inner gills wide in front, posteriorly free or united to abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the posterior part of the outer gills, but not extending quite to the hinder end, consisting of well-marked ovisacs which are rounded below; a distinct sulcus extends the whole length of the kidney-shaped marsupium at the inside and outside at some distance above its base; mantle edge thickened and somewhat doubled, in some cases toothed or fringed below. Subgenus PLAGIOLA (Rannesque, 1819) Agassiz. Shell solid, surface irregularly concentrically ridged; epidermis smoothish, but here and there wrinkled; painted with larger and smaller scattered rays, which are generally broken into irregular lunate or squarish blotches; hinge heavy and strong; hinge plate wide and flat; female shell smaller than the male, more inflated, and swollen at post- basal region. Animal with the branchiae rounded below, inner the larger, wholly or partly free from the abdominal sac; marsupium large, projecting far below the inner gills; mantle very thin, dark on its thickened, fringed double edge; anal opening with very small papillae. t PLAGIOLA SECURIS Lea. * ? Obliquaria (Plagiola) depressa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brnx., 1820, p. 302, pi. xxxi, figs.5-7. 1 *Unlo securis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1829, p. 437, pi. xi, fig. 17; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 437, pi. xi, fig. 17. *DESHAYES, Encyc. Meth., II, 1830, p. 578. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania JL, 1831, p. 77. *DESHAYES, An. sans 1 Rafinesque's name depressa, for what is probably a male of this species, has prece- dence over Lea's name, but it was used previously by Lamarck for an Australian .Unio. Rafinesque placed this species in his genus Obliquaria and the subgenus Plagiola, but after giving the name Obliquaria depressa he calls it U. depressa in paren- thesis. 604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 550; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 673.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pi. xx, fig. 51.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvi, figs. 4, 4a, 46. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. *CHENU, Man., II, 1859, p. 138, fig. 671. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXi, fig. 304. * B. H. WUIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( Unio) securis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p. 16. *Margaron ( Unio) securis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24 ; 1870, p. 37. *Playiola securis SMITH, Bull. U. S. Fish Cora., 1899, p. 291, pi. LXXX. * Unio lineolata SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. *Flagiola lineolata AGASSIZ, Arch, fur Nat., 1, 1852, p. 48. *Unio lineolatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag. 1835, p. 28. * CONRAD, Am. Conch, (continuation), VII, pi. LXVIII (no date). * CONRAD, Pr.Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 171, pi. Lin, figs. 1, 2. Mississippi drainage south into Arkansas; west into eastern Iowa and Kansas; Tombigbee and Alabama river systems. Submenus AMYGDALONAIAS Crosse and Fischer. 1893. (Type, Unio cognatus Lea.) Shell inflated, decidedly truncated at the posterior slope, surface slightly concentrically sculptured; posterior ridge sharp and well denned; epidermis shining, sometimes wrinkled looped, and painted with a beautiful pattern of broken or arrow-marked rays; area of the beaks flattened off in the direction of the axis of the shell, but not compressed; beak sculpture delicate, somewhat broken and doubly looped, the anterior loop rounded, the posterior sharp below, the ribs fading out where they cross the posterior ridge; hinge delicate, pseudo- cardinals rather compressed, high, and ragged; hinge plate narrow; female shell very slightly swollen at post base. Animal with branchi.ne more or less free from the abdominal sac; mar- supiuin consisting of numerous distinct ovisacs, and having a well- marked sulcus extending around it at some distance above its base; mantle thickened and doubled on its edge, which has dark papilla). (Group of Plagiola elegans.) Shell short, triangular oval, inflated, with a very sharp posterior ridge, extending from the beaks to the hinder point of the shell; male and female shells scarcely distinguishable, both being much expanded in the basal region. t PLAGIOLA ELEGANS Lea. * Unio elegans LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 83, pi. ix,fig. 13; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 93, pi. ix, fig. 13.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183, pi. xxi, fig. 33.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xv, figs. 3, 3o, 3fc; * Manual, II, 1859, p. 138, fig. 672. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIV, p. 380.* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 42. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( Unio) elegans LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. *Margaron ( Unio) elegans LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 605 *Plagiola elegans BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 91, pi. xxi, fig. 1. Unio truncatus SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. * CONRAD, Am. Conch, (continuation), Pt. 7, pi. LXVII (no date) ; * Pr. Ac. N. Scl. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.* KUSTKR, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 174, pi. LV, figs. 2, 3. * Unio truncatus RAFINESQUE var. elegans. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. Mississippi drainage generally; Michigan; Lake Michigan; south- west to Trinity Eiver, Texas. (Group of Plagiola donaciformis.) Shell small, elongated, triangular oval; posterior ridge generally well denned but rarely sharp, having broken green rays which form chev- rons or blotches on a lighter ground; female shell somewhat inflated in the post-basal region. t PLAGIOLA DONACIFORMIS Lea. * Unio donaciformis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1828, p. 267, pi. iv, fig. 3 ; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 9, pi. iv, fig. 3. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert. 2d ed.,VI, 1835, p. 547; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183, pi. xxn, fig. 41. * CATLOW and REEVE, 1845, p. 58. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pl.xi, figs. 4, 4a,4&. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( Unio) donaciformis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. *Margaron (Unio) donaciformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36. * Plagiola donaciformis BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 92, pi. xm, fig. 4. * Unio zigzag LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1829, p. 440, pi. xn, fig. 19 ; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 54, pi. xn, fig. 19. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 79. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert. 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 551; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 673. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183, pi. xxn, fig. 42. * C ATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nora., 1845, p. 65.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 42, pi. vin, fig. 3. H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 1857, p. 495. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. vin, figs. 8, 8a, 86; Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig. 670.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxix, fig. 213.* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 46. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. * Margarita (Unio) zigzag LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. * Margaron (Unio) zigzag LEA, Syii., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36. * Unio nervosa CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. * Unio nervosus SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. *CONRAL>, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Uiiio, 1861, p. 175, pi. LV, fig. 4. Mississippi drainage generally; Alabama liiver area; southwest to the Trinity River, Texas; Michigan. Seems to be gradually replaced in the southwest by P. macrodon, and there are specimens which can scarcely be assigned with certainty to either species. t PLAGIOLA MACRODON Lea. * Unio macrodon LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 154; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 193, pi. xxvi, fig. 262; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 15, pl.xxvi, fig. 262. * ? SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVIII, fig. 437.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. * Margaron ( Unio) macrodon LEA, Syn. 1870. p. 37. Eastern Texas, northward probably into Kansas. 606 I'ROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. fPLAGIOLA COGNATA Lea. *Unio cognatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; * Jl. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 368, pi. LXV, fig. 193; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 50, pi. LXV, fig. 193. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxix, fig. 214. * B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 602. *Margaron ( Unio) cognatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. Bio Salado, New Leon, Mexico. Subgenus PTYCHODERMA Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio cyrenoides Philippi.) Shell triangularly ovate or rounded, solid, bluntly angled before, more sharply angular behind, with a tolerably well-marked posterior ridge; surface strongly and irregularly concentrically sulcate; beaks small but rather prominent, sculptured with fine, irregular, broken ridges, which are somewhat doubly looped, the front loop being larger and more rounded; epidermis olive to tawny, wrinkled, sometimes having faint rays; pseudocardiuals compressed, ragged ; hinge plate narrow; laterals short, slightly curved, obliquely striated; muscle scars rather shallow, the posterior round; female shell produced in post-basal region. Animal with small branchije, inner united the whole length to the ab- dominal sac, wider than the outer in front, narrower behind; inarsupium occupying the posterior part of the outer gills in from eleven to twenty distinct ovisacs which are rounded and dark below, the whole having a decided, parallel sulcus inside and out near its base; mantle thin, papery, with a wide, thickened, double edge, which is sometimes cre- nate; branchial opening large fringed; anal opening smooth or with only the faintest crenulations. 1 (Group of Plagiola cyrenoides.) Shell generally more or less covered with radiating grooves which cut up the concentric sculpture into looped wrinkles or nodules, sometimes having the appearance of dried, wrinkled paint, the sculpture extend- ing into the substance of the shell; epidermis usually tawny or yel- lowish, rarely showing any vestiges of rays; female shell greatly pro- duced in the post-basal region. t PLAGIOLA CYRENOIDES Philippi. * Unio cyrenoides PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mai., IV, 1847, p. 93; *Abbild., Ill, 1848, p. 49, pi. v, fig. 1. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * KUSTER. Conch. Cab. Unio., 1862, p. 285, pi. xcvi, fig. 1. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * Mar gar on ( Unio) cyrenoides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 1 In a female P. cyrenoides, which was not gravid, the sulcus near the base of the inside of the marsupium was quite deep, in fact the part above it hung over it in a sort of flap, which would no doubt disappear if it was filled with ova. Nc.1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 607 *t Unio newcombianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 103; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 32, pi. xxx, fig. 27; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 312, pi. xxx, fig. 27. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) newcombianus LEA, Syii., 1860, p. 36. * Unio sagrinatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVII, fig. 345. ' P^TKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. Nicaragua; Venezuela 1 ? A specimen in the U. S. National Museum from the Morelet collection is marked with the latter locality. tPLAGIOLA ENCARPA Lea. * Unio encarpus LEA. Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 294, pi. XLII, fig. 105; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 54, pi. XLII, fig. 105.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List/ 1888. Margaron ( Unio) encarpus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Nicaragua. (Group of Plagiola nicaraguensis.} Shell much like that of cyrenoides, but simply covered with coarse, irregular, concentric ridges, and having no radiating grooves or wrin- kles, faintly rayed in umbonal region. Animal as in Cyrenoides group. t PLAGIOLA NICARAGUENSIS Lea. * Unio nicaraguensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 296, pi. XLIII, fig. 107; *Obs.," XII, 1869, p. 56, pi. XLIII, fig. 107.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) nicaraguensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. * I'nio gabbianus LEA, Pr. Ac., N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac., N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 295, pi. XLIII, fig. 106 ; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 55, pi. XLIII, fig. 106. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) gabbianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Nicaragua. The following species are untigured and indeterminable. * Unio nuculinus PHILIPPI, Zeits. fur Mai., V, 1848, p. 176. Nicaragua. Probably near cyrenoides. * Unio (Plagiola?) imbricatus M()RCH, Mai. Bl., VII, 1861, p. 205. Nicaragua. This may equal encarpus Lea. DIGEN^E. Male shell inflated, truncated posteriorly ; female shell compressed, expanded into a broad wing behind the post ridge, the wing being tilled with a flap of the mantle. Genus TRITOGONIA Agassiz, 18S2. Tritogonia AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir ]S T at., 1852, p. 48. Shell solid, elongate rhomboid, having a strong, irregular posterior ridge, obliquely truncated behind in the male, in the female this region is somewhat compressed and rounded; base incurved; whole surface 1 Changed in errata by the author to U. newcombianus. 608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. except the rounded wing of the females covered with pustules 5 beaks rather low, incurved and turned forward over the well-developed lunule, which is elongated and filled with epidermal matter; beak sculpture strong, consisting of irregular, subparallel ridges which are curved upward behind, and fine radiating ridges in front of and behind this; epidermis dark olive; hinge plate rather narrow; pseudocardi- nals strong, ragged; laterals long and straight, near to the pseudocar- dinals; adductor scars shallow; cavity of the beaks rather deep and compressed, female shell more compressed than that of the male. Animal with the inner gills much larger than the outer, generally free for the most part from the abdominal sac; palpi enormous, elongated, united to each other behind, and to the mantle a part of their length; mantle thin, with a thickened, dark, double border, the inner edge often toothed throughout, the base much thickened at the posterior end and folded at the branchial opening; branchial opening large, with numer- ous crowded papilla? ; anal opening smooth or with only fine denticula- tions; superanal opening long, closed below; in the female there is a thickened flap of the mantle which fills the circular posterior expansion of the shell, and which has a smaller flap inside; foot and abdominal sac large, the latter winged in front. 1 tTRITOGONIA TUBERCULATA Barnes. * Unio tuberculatm BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 125, pi. vn, figs. 8 86. 2 *HiL- DRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 282. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 76. * REEVE, Conch. Syst., 1, 1841, p. 118, pi. LXXXVHI, fig. 5.* HAN- LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 182 ; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pi. xx, fig. 27. *POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 158, pi. LX, fig. 1. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. * REEVE, Elements of Conch., 1860, II, pi. xxxm, fig. 183.* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam , III, 1890, p. 170. * Margarita (Unio) tuberculatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16. * Margaron ( Unio) tuberculatus LEA, 1852, p. 23 ; 1870, p. 34. * Mya tuberculata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 217. * Unio pmtulata SWAINSON, Treat, on Mai., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54d. * Unio yigas SowERBY, 3 Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LVI, fig. 287. 1 1 have never seen a specimen among the hundreds examined that had young or ova in the gills. But I have seen spermatozoa in specimens with inflated shells and ova in those with the wing. Mr. H. M. Kelly, of Mount Vernon, Iowa, who has made a very careful study of the anatomy of many of our Unionida?, assures me that the form with the compressed shell, having the expanded flap behind, is the female. 2 It has been claimed that this species was previously described under the name of Obliquaria verrucosa by Rafinesque, but I ain unable to make anything out of his figure or description ; hence I use the name given by Barnes. Barnes's name was used by Rafinesque for the species which the former called Unio rerrucosus, but as Ratinesque placed his species in Obliquaria, and as the generic names of both forms are changed in this work, I do not consider Barnes's name preoccupied. 3 1 think that this is a large, rather high male of the species in question. I can not find any description of Unio gigas by Swainson, to whom Sowerby credits this species, and the Megadomus gigas of Swainson (which, so far as I know, is undescribed) can not be it, as the latter says that his genus, Megadomus, has the lateral teeth imperfect, one or none. Treatise on Mai., p. 266. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 609 * Unio rerrucosns SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.* KUSTER. Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 273, pi. xcn, fig. 1.* Sow- ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. I, fig. 4. * Tritogonia rerrucosa AGAI-SIZ, Arch. flir. Nat., I, 1852, p. 48. * Tritigonia verrucosa SMITH, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pi. LXXXI. t TRITOGONIA TUBERCULATA var. OBESA Simpson. 1 Mississippi drainage generally; streams falling into the Gulf, of Mexico from the Alabama system west to central Texas. f TRITOGONIA CONJUGANS B. H. Wright. * Unio conjugans B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 89. * Tritogonia conjugans Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79, pi. iv, tig. 1. Hiawassee River, Tennessee. A single male shell of this remarkable species, the type, is in the TJ. S. National Museum collection. I am not positive that it belongs here, though it probably does. MESOGENvE. Male and female shells alike, short, solid, inflated; embryos occupying a few distinct ovisacs in the center of the outer gills. Genus CYPROGENIA Agassiz, 1852. (Type, Cnio irroratus Lea.) Cyprogenia AGASSIZ, Arch, flir Nat., 1852, p. 47. Shell solid, inflated, rounded triangular, sometimes slightly retuse, generally a little biangular behind; posterior ridge unusually well developed, especially in the young shell; umbonal region flattened parallel with the axis of the shell, sometimes compressed ; beaks curved inward and forward, their sculpture very faint, consisting of slightly doubly looped ridges; sculpture of the shell nodular, radiately wrinkled, or lachrymose; ligament black and conspicuous; luuule distinct and well developed; epidermis shining, painted with a delicate, dark mot- tling on a light ground; hinge plate wide and flat; pseudocardiuals heavy, triangular, blunt and ragged; laterals short, obliquely striated; cavity of the beaks not deep; adductor scars small, well impressed, those at the posterior round; nacre bright and silvery. Animal with inner gills partly free from the abdominal sac, rounded below; outer gills smaller; marsupium consisting of from seven to twenty-three very long, purple ovisacs pendent from near the central base of the outer gills, and formed into a close coil with the ends turned inwardly; bran- chial opening large with many small papilla; anal opening smooth. 1 A short, inflated, peculiarly formed shell from Big Eddy, Nechez River, Texas, having very few faint tubercles is in the U. S. National Museum collection, and may be a distinct species. It is certainly worthy of the varietal name here applied, Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 39 610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tCYPROGENIA IRRORATA Lea. * Unio irroratua LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1830, p. 269, pi. v, fig. 5 ; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 11, pi. v, fig. 5. SHOUT arid EATON, Transylvania Journ., 1831, p. 77. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 181, pi. xx, fig. 25. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. x, figs. 3, 3a, 35.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. XH, fig. 44.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Maryarita ( Unio) irroratus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 15. * Maryaron ( Unio) irroratus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. * Unio irrorata DESHAYES, Encyc. Meth., II, 1830, p. 579. * DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d cd., VI, 1835, p. 547 ; 3d eel., II, 1839, p. 672. * Theliderma irrorata, SWAINSON, Tr. on Mai., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54. * Unio rerrucosus albus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 281. * Unio steyarius SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834." CONRAD, New f. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. ' CONKAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 83, pi. XLVI, fig. 1; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xi, fig. 45. * Unio stegarius var. irroratus PJKTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. tCYPROGENIA IRRORATA var. PUSILLA Simpson. 1 Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; St. Francis and Saline rivers, Arkansas? Eastern Iowa? The specimens reported from the western localities may be C. aberti. tCYPROGENIA ABERTI Conrad. * Unio aberti CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, p. 10; * VI, 1853, p. 244; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 295, pi. xxvi, fig. 1.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) aberti LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 34. * Unio lamarcUanus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Sci., X, 1852, p. 266, pi. xvir, fig. 20; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 22, pi. xvn, fig. 20.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.* SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcn, fig. 498." P.-ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * Margaron ( Unio) lamarckianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23. * Unio popenoi CALL, Bull. Washb. Coll., 1, 1885, p. 49, pi. n. Kansas; Missouri; Indian Territory; Arkansas. Genus OBLIQUARIA (Rafinesque 182O) Simpson (Type, Obliquaria rejlejca Rafinesque.) Obliquaria RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 301. Shell inflated, solid, oval, ending in a tolerably sharp point behind, having a row of large, compressed, longitudinal knobs running from the beaks to the center of the base, those of one valve alternating in position with the knobs of the other, and a well- developed posterior ridge, the space between the ridge and knobs somewhat excavated; posterior slope and sometimes the entire shell more or less corrugately sculptured; beaks prominent, incurved and pointed slightly forward toward a tolerably well-developed lunule; beak sculpture strong, con- 'A peculiar, dwarfed variety, about one-half the size of the ordinary form and much inflated, from the Green River, Kentucky. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 611 sisting of four or five heavy, parallel ridges, which fall low in front but are curved upward behind; epidermis smooth, generally shining, painted with numerous delicate, wavy, darker, broken rays; pseudo- cardinals strong, direct, and ragged; laterals short, nearly straight; anterior muscle scars small, the sides of the pit smooth, the bottom ragged ; front part of the shell very solid, suddenly becoming rather thin just behind the knobs; male and female shells essentially alike. Animal with small branchiae, rounded below, inner the larger, free from the abdominal sac in part; inarsupium consisting of a few distinctly marked ovisacs (4 to 7), occupying a position just behind the center of the outer gills, projecting far below the rest of the branchiae, their bases rounded; mantle cut away at the thinner portion of the shell; anal opening smooth or having only minute crenulations. t OBLIQUARIA REFLEXA Rafinesque. * Obliquaria (Quadrula) reflexa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., 1820, p. 306. * CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st Ser., Ill, 1845, p. 19. * Obliquaria reflexa BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 89, pi. xiv, fig. 5; xx, fig. 2. * Unio reflexm SAY, Am. Conch., No. VI, 1834.* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71; *Monog., I, 1835, p. 7, pi. iv, fig. 1. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 52, pi. xi, fig. 2. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 256.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. vi, fig. 23. *Unio cornutus BARNES,' Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 122, pi. iv, figs. 5, 5a, 56, 5c. * ?ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 179; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 179, pi. xx, fig. 30. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.* CALKINS, Pr Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 41.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( Unio) cornutus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15 ; 1838, p. 15. "Margaron (Unio) cornutus LEA., Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. * Mya cornuta EATON, Zool. Text-book, 1826, p. 216. *Theliderma cornuta SWAINSON, Treat, on Mai., 1840, p. 269. Unio torulosus SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 75. "t? Unio philippsi CONRAD,- Monog., I, 1835, p. 9, pi. v, fig. 1; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. .* Unio phillipsii CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 50, pi. x, fig. 3.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 'Margarita ( Unio) phillipsii LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15. "Margaron ( Unio) phillipsii LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. * Unio philipsii HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 178; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 178. Mississippi drainage; Michigan; Alabama River; southwestwardly to central Texas. 1 1 am sorry to have to place the very appropriate and well-known name of Barnes in the synonymy, but I believe that the description of Rafinesque for his Obliquaria reflexa defines this species and nothing else, and although it is not figured, I feel jus- tified in using it. 2 A singular shell having the general form of reflexa, but the knobs are much broken np. I have seen specimens which agree quite well with Conrad's fine figure, which I have no doubt represents an unusual form of Rafinesque's species, and they hardly seem to me to be a varity. I do not think the so-called type in the Phila- delphia Academy of Natural Sciences is valid. 612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. PTYCHOGEN^e. Male and female shells essentially alike, embryos contained in dis- tinct ovisacs with rounded bases, occupying the entire outer gills, which, when gravid, consist of a series of folds. Genus PTYCHOBRANCHUS Simpson, 19OO. .(Type, Unio phaaeolnz Hildreth.) Ptychobranchus SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79. Shell triangular, solid, sometimes becoming arcuate in old specimens, umbonal region rather elevated; beak sculpture consisting of faint, somewhat broken ridges which have a tendency to be doubly looped ; posterior ridge rounded but well developed; epidermis usually painted with wavy hair line rays or broken, radiating bars, which show a tend- ency to form square spots; hinge plate rather wide and flat; pseudo- cardinals small, low, triangular and roughened; laterals club-shaped, remote; cavity of the beaks shallow; muscle scars rather deep. Animal with inner gills free all or part of their length from the abdominal sac; marsupiuin occupying the basal half of the whole length of the outer gills and hanging in from six to twenty beautiful folds; ovisacs dis- tinct, each ending below in an enlarged, rounded bulb which has a colored spot in its center; mantle thin, with a dark, thickened border; branchial opening large, with very minute papillae orcrenulations, some- times smooth; anal opening crenulate or smooth. t PTYCHOBRANCHUS PHASEOLUS Hildreth. * Unio phaseolus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV. 1828, p. 283.' SAY, Am. Conch., No. Ill, 1830, pi. xxii. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania JL, 1831, p. 77. "HAN- LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207 ; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pi. xx, fig. 50. * CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser.,111, 1845, p. 31, pi. ix, figs. 1-6. *CATLO\vand REEVK, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 62. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIII, fig. 378. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Margarita ( Unio) phaseolus LEA, Syn.,1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. * Margaron ( Unio) phaseolus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. t * Unio planulatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1830, p. 431, pi. ix, fig. 13 ; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 45, pi. ix, fig. 13.* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 549. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xin, figs. 1, la, 16; * Manual, 1859, II, p. 137, fig. 659. * Unio planulata DESHAYES, An. sans A'ert., 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672. * Uniofasciolaris CONRAD, New F. \V. Shells, 1834, p. 69. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. * AGASSIZ, Arch, fur Naturg., I, 1852, p. 50. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 172, pi. LIV, figs. 1-4. * Unio camelus LEA, 2 Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 102, pi. xv, fig. 45; *Obs., I, 1 Figure left out by the editor. 3 Typically this form is quite distinct from the ordinary manifestation of the spe- cies, being very solid and much humped, but there seems to be every possible varia- tion to the lighter, more compressed forms, and. I do not think it ia worthy of a. varietal name. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 613 1834, p. 214, pi. xv, fig. 45. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl.-xxi, fig. 54. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LV, fig. 283. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. PJKTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * Margarita ( Unio) camelus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19 ; 1838, p. 17. * Margaron ( Unio) camelus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24 ; 1870, p. 37. *Uniocompres8i8simusLKA, l PT. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 81, pi. vni, fig. 23 ; * Obs., IV,1848, p. 55, pi. vin, fig. 23.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 247.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* PJETEL, Conch Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Margaron ( Unio) compressissimus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24 ; 1870, p. 37. Ohio, Tennessee, and Cumberland river systems; peninsula of Michi- gan; Kansas; Arkansas; Indian Territory; Louisiana. It is quite probable that some of the specimens reported from the southwestern part of the range belong to the next species. tPTYCHOBRANCHUS CLINTONENSIS Simpson. * Ptycholranchus clintonensis SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79, pi. v, fig. 3. Little Red River, Arkansas; Indian Territory (!); southwest Ten- nessee( ?) tPTYCHOBRANCHUS FOREMANIANUS Lea. * Unio foremanianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1842, p. 224; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 247, pi. xxvn, fig. 64 ; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 85, pi. xxvn, fig. 64. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxvi, figs. 1, la, 16. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvn, fig. 202. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. * Margaron ( Unio) foremanianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36. * Unio woodwardius LEA, 2 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170. * Unio icoodu'ardianus LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 199, pi. xxni, fig. 82; 'Obs., 1859, p. 17, pi. xxm, fig. 82.* ? REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvi, fig. 73. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. Margaron ( Unio) woodwardianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. :! *Unio velatus CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 298, pi. xxvn, fig. 6; "Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853 p. 259. Alabama River drainage. 1 The type is simply an old, stunted phaseolus, with nearly every vestige of epider- mis eroded away. 2 This is the name originally given by Dr. Lea. He afterward changed it to woodwardianus. 3 1 formerly thought foremanianus and woodwardianus distinct, but a large amount of material received from Mr. R. E. Call, from the Cahawba River, Alabama, shows that the two absolutely blend together, there being a great diversity of form, and some specimens show the capillary rays of foremanianus and the square spots of woodwardianus, while others are of a uniform tawny color. 614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. fPTYCHOBRANCHUS TRINACRUS Lea. * Unio trinacrus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., V, 1861, p. 59; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., V, 1862, p. 86, pi. xn, fig. 235; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 90, pi. xn, fig. 235. *SOW,ERBY, Conch. Icoii., XVI, pi. LXXXI, fig. 428. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Mar gar on ( Unio) trinacrus LEA, Syn., 1870. p. 36. Coosa Eiver, Alabama. tPTYCHOBRANCHUS GREENI Conrad. * Uniogreeni CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 32, pi. iv, fig. 1, p. 69. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * MILLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 203.* CONRAD, Monog.,VIII, 1837, p. 69, pi. xxxvin, fig. 2. *HANLEY,Test. Moll.,1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pi. xxiv, fig. 6.* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., 1845, p. 17, pi. in, fig. 5. *CATLOW and REE VE,Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 59. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVII, fig. 253.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* PJSTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Margarita ( Unio) greeni LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 1!>. * Margaron ( Unio) greeni LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. t * Unio simplex LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 76, pi. v, fig. 15 ; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 50, pi. v, fig. 15.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Margaron ( Unio) simplex LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27 ; 1870, p. 42. Black Warrior Eiver, Alabama. tPTYCHOBRANCHUS FLAVESCENS Lea. * Unio JJarescens LEA, ' Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 72, pi. in, fig. 9; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 46, pi. m, fig. 9.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. * H. and A.ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) Jtarescens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. * Unio flavescens P/ETEL, Conch. Sara., III. Black Warrior Eiver, Alabama. ESCHATIGEN^E. Male and female shells alike; embryos in distinct, short ovisacs, forming a border to the entire outer gills. Genus DROMUS Simpson, 19OO. (Type, Unio dromus Lea. ) Shell solid, rounded-triangular; beaks well forward, rather high; beak sculpture consisting of fine ridges running parallel with the growth lines, the furrows between the ridges interrupted at the posterior ridge; posterior ridge distinct; a series of humps runs from the beaks down to the central part of the base of the shell, whicli is otherwise sculptured by 1 I have only seen a single shell of this, and it is not in the best condition. It may be only a form of greeni, but it is not so inflated or solid, and it has no rays. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 615 irregular concentric ridges ; epidermis beautifully painted by undulated, radiating, broken hair lines or fine maculatious; hinge plate wide and flat; pseudocardinals triangular, small and low, ragged; laterals low, short, club-shaped; cavity of the beaks deep and compressed, dorsal muscle scars on the under side of the hinge shelf; adductor scars small; front part of the shell very thick, suddenly becoming thinner at the row of humps; male and female shells much alike. Animal with the inner branchia; much the larger, curved below, free from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the base of nearly the whole outer branchiae in numerous rather indistinctly marked ovisacs, bases of the ovisacs slightly rounded; ova very minute; palpi small, curved; branchial opening very large, extending one-third of the way along the base, fringed with many brown papilhe; anal opening very large, finely crenulated. tDROMUS DROMUS Lea. * Unio dromus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 70, pi. x, fig. 29; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 182, pi. x, fig. 29. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 84, pl.xLVi, fig. 2. * HANLEY, Test. Moll. ,1842, p. 181; * Biv. Sheila, 1843, p. 181, pi. XXIH, fig. 25.* CATJLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 172, pi. LIII, figs. 3, 4.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. vin, fig. 29. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * Margarita ( Unio) dromus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 16. *Cyprogenia dromus AGASSIZ, Arch, fur Naturg., I, 1850, p. 48. *Margaron ( Unio) dromus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. Tennessee and Cumberland River systems. t DROMUS CAPERATUS. Lea.' * Unio caper atu s LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164-; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 75, pi. V, fig. 14; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 75, pi. v, fig. 14. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. v, fig. 19.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. *Margaron ( Unio) caperatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. *Unio abacoides HALDEMAN, 2 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1846, p. 75; * Am. Jl. of Sci., II, 1846 (September), p. 274. Tennessee Kiver system. DIAGEN^E. Male and female shells alike; embryos contained in the outer gills in short ovisacs which run crosswise of the branchiae, and are discharged entire into the water. 1 Generally this form is more compressed and less humped than D. dromus, but I think it is probably only a variety of the latter. 2 Haldeman only gave a brief description of his species, and it has never been figured. According to Lea it equals his U. caperatus, and I believe he is correct. 616 PKocEEDixas or THE .VJV/O.V.IL MUSETM. VOL.XXII. Genus STROPHITUS Rafinesque, 182O. (Type, Anodonta undulata Say.) Strophitus RAFINESQTK, Ann. Gmi. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 31(5. I'niopsis AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Naturg., 1852, p. 49. Shell elliptical to rhomboid, inflated, subsolid, pointed or biangu- late behind, with a low posterior ridge, which is sometimes double; beaks full, sculpture consisting of a few strong, concentric ridges, which curve sharply upward behind; epidermis rayed or rayless, shin- ing; hinge line incurved in front of the beaks; teeth rudimentary, a vestigeal, compressed tooth in each valve, and sometimes a secondary tooth; laterals rarely present; muscle scars shallow. Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills, consisting of short, horizontal ovisacs which run directly across the gills, and are discharged through the outer wall with the ovules in them ; ovules ten to twenty-five in each ovisac, in one or two rows; inner gills the larger, free in part from the abdominal sac, or wholly united; mantle generally bordered behind with square, black spots; branchial opening with numerous papillae ; anal opening papillose or crenulate. 1 t STROPHITUS EDENTULUS Say. Alasmodonta edentula SAY, N. Harm. Diss., II, No. 22, 1829, p. 340. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.* L. W. SAY, Terr, and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 10. * Anodonta edentula FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. * CALK- INS, Pr. Ottawa Ac., 1874, p. 50.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 107, pi. xxx, figs. 5, 6.* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 55. * B. H. WKIGIIT, Check List. 1888.* P.*:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179. "Margarita (Anodonta) edentula LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 450; 1838, p. 30. * Anodon edentula CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. * DE KAY, Zool. N. Y,, Pt. 5, 1848, p. 201, pi. xvi, fig. 231.* HARTMAN and MICHKNER, Couch. Cest., 1874, p. 95, fig. 174. * Uniopsis edentula AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Naturg., 1, 1852, p. 49. *^f(l)r/a)on (Anodonta) edentula LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 79. *Stroi>]ntiis edentulns CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.* BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 67, pi. xn, tigs. 5, 6 ; xvn, fig. 3. * Anodon rugosus SWAINSON, Zool. 111., 1st ser., II, pi. xcvi, 1822. 'Anodonta rugosus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217. * Anodonta iindulata HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 290. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 79, pi. xxvn, figs. 3, 5. * Anodon undulata GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 120, fig. 79; 1870, p. 182, fig. 482. * Unio undulata DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 217", pi. xxx, figs. 8, 9. * Anodon undulatus SOWERBY, Rich. Faun. Bor. Am. ,111, 1836, p. 316. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xi, fig. 30. * Anodon areolatus SWAINSON, Zool. 111., 2d ser., I, 1829, pi. xvm. * Anodonta areolatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 1 In this remarkable group of mollusks the changes that take place in the gills when they are used as a niarsnpium only last as long as they are gravid. When the short ovisacs are discharged the gill becomes an ordinary gill again. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 617 * Anodon marginata FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * Anodonta ferussttciana FERUSSAC. Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * i Margarita (Anodonta) wardiana LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30. * Anodonta wardiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 46, pi. xiv, fig. 42 ; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 46, pi. xiv, fig. 42.* TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 238." HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 220.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 186. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Anodon wardiana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xxvni, fig. 114. *Margaron (Anodonta) wardiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 79. * Anodonta rirgata CONRAD, Cover of Mon. No. 5, 1836. *Strophitu8 rirgatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. * Anodon unadilla DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 199, pi. xv, fig. 228. *Strophitu8 unadilla COXRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. * Anodon nndulata GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 120, fig. 79; * 1870, p. 182, fig. 79. * \Anodonta-tetragonaLEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV. 1845, p. 165; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 82, pi. vin, fig. 25; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 56, pi. vm, fig. 25. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Manjaron (Anodonta) tetragona LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51 ; 1870, p. 81. *Stroplntus tetragona CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. * \Anodonta arJcansasensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., XI, 1852, p. 293, pi. xxix, fig. 56; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 49, pi. xxix, tig. 56. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. * B.H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 176. *Maryaron (Anodonta) arkanaasensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 80. *StropMtus arfcansasensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. * ^Anodonta shcefferiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 288, pi. xxvi, fig. 50; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 44, pi. xxvi, fig. 50.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. *P^TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 184. *Margaron (Anodonta) shcefferiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51 ; 1870, p. 81. *Strophitus schcefferiana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. * Anodonta slieff&riana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 243, pi. xvn, figs. 5-7. * Anodon shcefferianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxv, tig. 143. * Anodonta shafferiana B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *t Anodonta showalterii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307;* Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 215, pi. xxxm, fig. 284; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 37, pi. xxxm, fig. 284.* CLESSIX, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 156, pi. LI, figs. 5, 6.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 184. * Anodon showalterii SOWEKBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxvn, fig. 104. *Margaron (Anodonta) showalterii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79. *Alasmodon rhombica ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 158, pi. xn, fig. 5. *Margaritana rhombica P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. * Anodonta salmonea CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 91, pi. xxiv, figs. 1, 2. tSTROPHITUS EDENTULUS var. PAVONIUS Lea. * Anodonta pavonia LEA, Tr. Am.- Phil. Soc., VI, 1836, p. 78, pi. xxi, fig. 65; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 78, pi. xxi, tig. 65. * TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 239.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 18Y7, p. 503. *Mus- GROVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. i, fig. 9.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 156, pi. xxx, figs. 3, 4.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 183. ^Margarita (Anodonta) paronia LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 30. * Anodon pavonia DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 203, pi. XL, fig. 358. 618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. *CATLOW and KEEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 67. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxn, fig. 128. * Margaron (Anodonta) paronia LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79. * Stroplntus paronius BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 68, pi. in, fig. 5; v, fig. 3. * Anodon annulatus SOWEKBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xvni, fig. 67. Entire Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence system and south in streams draining into the Atlantic to North Carolina; north in the British possessions to Lake Winnipeg; southwest to central Texas; Tyner, Alabama. tSTROPHITUS UNDULATUS Say. 1 Anodonta undulata SAY, Nich. Enc., II, 1816, pi. in, fig. 5. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 81. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. *C. B. ADAMS, F. W. and L. S. of Vt., 1842, p. 15. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 217; Biv. Sheila, 1843, p. 217. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. * LATCHFORD, Tr. Ot. F. N. CL, 1882, p. 55. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * H. CARPENTER, Naut., IV., 1890, p. 57. "P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 186. * Margarita (Anodonta) undulata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30. * Anodon undulata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Noiu., 1845, p. 68. * Alasmodonta undulata C. B.ADAMS, Thompson's Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 165. *Margaron (Anodonta) undulata LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 79. * Strophitus undulatus STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. * Anodonta pennsylvanica LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 86. * STARK, Elem. Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 567; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 678. * DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pi. xin, figs. 4o, 4fc. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 18?8, pi. in, figs. 5, 5o. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. * Anodon papyraceus ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 161, pi. x v, fig. 2. * Sow- ERBY, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xiv, fig. 46. * Anodonta papyraceaE. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P;ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 183. *Margaron (Anodonta) papyracea LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. ''Anodon quadriplicatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xxvm, fig. 110. Northern New England to Virginia, in streams draining into the Atlantic. This species is reported from Manitoba, but it is probable that the specimens from that region are S. edentulus. tSTROPHITUS CONNASAUGAENSIS Lea. * Margaritana connasaugaensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1857, p. 135; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 229, pi. xx xii, fig. 113; * Obs., VII, 1859, p. 47, pi. xxxn, fig. 113. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. *Margaron (Margaritana) connasaugaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 69. *Unio connaaaughensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVIII, fig. 474. * Margaritana connesaugensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 269, pi. LXXXI, figs. 7, 8. 1 Much confusion exists concerning this and the preceding species. The edentulus is much the larger and solider shell ; the undulatus being a small, thin form (Say's figure is only about half an inch long, from a young or very dwarf specimen), usually quite distinctly biangtilate behind. The latter is confined to the Atlantic drainage, while the former is found in this area and in the Mississippi Valley. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 619 * ^Margaritana alabamensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 41; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 104, pi. xvi, fig. 249; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 108, pi. xvi, fig. 249.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 264, pi. LXXX, fig. 5.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. * Unio alabamensis SOWEUBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXII, fig. 433. *Margaron (Margaritana) alabamensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. Alabama River system. tSTROPHITUS SPILLMANII Lea. * Margaritana spillmanll LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 138; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 105, pi. xvn, fig. 252; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 109, pi. xvn, fig. 252. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 264, pi. LXXXII, figs. 5, 6. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. * Unio spillmanii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXII, fig. 435. Tombigbee River, Mississippi. tSTROPHITUS TOMBIGBEENSIS Lea. "Margaritana tombigbeensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 138; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V. 1862, p. 107, pi. xvm, fig. 255; "Obs., VIII, 1862, p. Ill, pi. xvm, fig. 255. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. *Margaron (Margaritana') tombigbeensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. *Margaritana (Alasmodonta) tombigbeensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 268, pi. LXXXI, figs. 3, 4. Tombigbee River, Mississippi. tSTROPHITUS GESNERII Lea. *Margaritana gesnerii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II. 1858, p. 138; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 211, pi. xxxn, fig. 280; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 33, pi. xxxn, fig. 280.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIV, fig. 446. *Margaron (Margaritana) gesnerii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 67. * Margariiana gessneri P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. Uphaupee and Swamp creeks, Alabama. tSTROPHITUS ELLIOTTII Lea. * Margaritana elUottii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 138; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, J859, p. 226, pi. xxxi, fig. 108; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 44, pi. xxxi, fig. 108. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. *Margaron (Margaritana) elliottii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. *Margaritana (Alasmodonta) elliottii CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 267, pi. LXXXII, figs. 3, 4. * \Margaritana elliptica LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 113; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 106, pi. xvm, fig. 254; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 110, pi. xvm, fig. 254. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. *Margaron (Margaritana) elliptica LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. "Margaritana (Alasmodonta) elli2)tica CLESSIX, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 270, pi. LXXXI, figs. 5, 6. Columbus, Georgia; Columbus, Mississippi. 620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. PSTROPHITUS RADIATUS Conrad. * Alasmodonta radiala CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 341, pi. i, fig. 10.' Small streams of southern Alabama. HOMOGEN^E. Male and female shells alike, oval to elongate; beak sculpture coarse; embryos filling the entire outer gills in the form of thick, smooth pads; the ovisacs not separated by sulci. Genus ANODONTA (Bruguiere em.) Lamarck, 1799. (Type, Mytilus cygneus Linmwis.) Mya LINNAEUS, part, Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 1158. Hmncp,a POLI, Test. Utriusque Sic., I, 1791, p. 31; II, 1795, p. 253. Anodontitea BKUGUIEKE, Jl. Hist. Nat., 1, 1792, p. 131. Anodonta LAMARCK, Prodrome Class. Coq., 1799, p. 87. Anodon OKEN, Lehrb. Nat. Zool., 1, 1815, p. 238. Anodonies CUVIER, Regne An., II, 1817, p. 472. Shell elliptical, thin, inflated, often slightly winged posteriorly; beak sculpture consisting of rather numerous more or less parallel ridges, usually somewhat doubly looped, and becoming slightly nodulous on the loops; surface, generally smooth, shining; hinge edentulous, reduced to a mere line, regularly curved; muscle scars rather faint; nacre dull. Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole outer gills, when filled forming a smooth, very thick, liver colored pad; gills free from the abdominal sac from one-half to their entire length; palpi generally large; branchial opening papillose; anal opening without papilhe, though sometimes very slightly crenulate; superanal opening gener- ally small, widely separated from the anal. (Group of Anodonta cygnea.) Shell very evenly rounded in front, pointed behind, the point elevated above the base, more or less winged on post dorsal part, the line from the posterior part of the wing to the hinder point usually incurved; beaks flattened, the sculpture consisting of numerous more or less con- centric ridges, which are sometimes broken up into rather irregular corrugations. Animal with the inner gills the larger, free from the abdominal sac nearly or quite their whole length; palpi large. 1 1 can make nothing out of this, the figure being poor and the description meager. Conrad places it in Strophitiis in his Synopsis, 1853. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 621 tANODONTA CYGNEA Linnaeus.' *Mytiln8 cygnem LINN,EUS, : Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, I, p. 706, No. 1158. *MULLER, Vermium, II, 1774, p. 208. * DA COSTA, Hist. Nat. Test. Brit., 1778, p. 214, pi. xv, fig. 2. *GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1778, p. 3335. SCHROTER, Flussconch., 1779,p. 162, pl.m, fig. 1; * Em. Conch., Ill, 1783, p. 440. *OLIVI, Zool. Adr., 1792, p. 125.-* DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, II, 1800, pi. LV. MONTAGU, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 170. TURTON, Brit. Faun., 1807, p. 165. *MATON and RACKETT, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 109, pi. in, figs. 2, 3. * SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 106. * DILLWYN, Cat., 1817, p. 315. TURTON, Conch. Diet. 1819, p. 115.* SHEPPARD, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, 1820, p. 84, pi. v, fig. 3.* WOOD, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 58, pi. xn, fig. 32/. * HANLEY, Ipsa Linn. Conch., 1855, p. 487.* WOOD, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 69, pi. xn, fig. 32/. *Anodontes cygneus CUVIER, Regne An., II, 1817, p. 472. *Anodon cygneus TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 239. "FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Moll., 1828, p. 415. *fuRTON, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1831, p. 17, fig. 8. * BROWN, Land and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 99, pi. xi, figs. l-3c. * THOMPSON, Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., VI, 1840, p. 196.* BROWN, 111. Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 79, pi. xxvni, etc. * TURTON, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1857, p. 271, fig. 65, pi. i, fig. 8. *TATE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1866, pi. i. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. i, fig. 2. *Anodonta cygnea DRAPARNAUD, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 134, pi. xn, fig. 1 ; pi. xi, fig. 6. * MILLET, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813, p. 76. *GAERTNER, Vers. Syst., 1813, p. 38. * BRARD, Hist. Coq. Paris, 1815, p. 234, pis. ix, x. *KLEES, Desc. Test., 1818, p. 43. * LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 84. * C. PFEIFFER, L. and S. Moll., 1821, Ft. 1, p. Ill, pi. v, fig. 4. Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., 1824, III, p. 142. * BLAINVILLE, Man., 1825, p. 358, pi. LXVI, fig. 1. * WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat. An., 1827, p. 37.* STARK, Nat. Hist., 1828, II, p. 89. *GUERIN, Icon. Regne An., II, 1829, pi. xxvni, fig. 5. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., 1, 1835, p. Ill, pi. in, fig. 67, etc. * GOUPIL, Hist. Moll. Sarthe, 1835, p. 81. *WYATT, Man. Conch., 1838, p. 68, pi. xi, fig. 2.* PORRO, Mai. Como., 1838, p. 110. *GRAS,Moll. Isere, 1840, p. 70, pi. vi, fig. 7.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 216; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216. *SCHOLZ, Schleis. L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 118. * MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 100. PUTON, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 68. * GASSEIZ, Moll. Ag., 1849, p. 189. * STEIN, Die Leb. Schneck., 1850, 1 The number of specific names bestowed on the Anodontas of Europe must run up into the thousands. I have gone over the literature as carefully as possible, and large series of specimens from many localities, and I confess that I am absolutely unable to separate these forms specifically. The variations of form, size, color, solidity, and even texture are sufficient for a large number of species if they were not everywhere connected by intermediate examples. The new school of concholo- gists has named every conceivable variation, and in very many cases distorted individuals. Europe is a densely settled region, and it is possible that the waters of the streams and ponds in many places may be so affected by sewage and other offal as to produce many changes in the mollusks living in them. I shall attempt to recognize a few of the leading forms as varieties, referring them to the author originally describing them, but on account of the enormous amount of literature pertaining to these forms and its confused condition, I can not attempt to trace out these varieties among the descriptions of subsequent writers. 2 According to Hanley (Shells of Linmeus, p. 144) the A. cygnea var cellensis of Rossmassler (Icon., IV, 1830, pi. xix, fig. 280) is marked for this in the Linmean cab- inet. It is a large, rather elongated shell, slightly biangulate behind, somewhat cut away on the upper posterior part, and having fairly full beaks. 622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. p. 100. * DROUET, Nay. Fr., 1852, p. 5, pi. i; *Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p. 55. * DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 601, pi. xv, fig. 14.* FORBES and HANLEY, Hist. Brit. Moll., II, 1853, p. 155, pi. xxxix, fig. 3; XL, figs. 2, 3; XLI. *Kus- TEK, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 58, pi. xv. VON WAHL, Arch, fur Natur K. Liv., 2d ser., I, 1855, p. 133. * MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 557, pi. XLIV. * VON WAHL, Suss. Biv. Liv., 1855, p. 133. * NORDENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 90, pi. vn, fig. 78. II. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502; III, pi. cxvm, figs. 1, la, 16.* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 145, fig. 718.* SOWERBY, 111. Index Brit. Shells, 1859, pi. vn, No. 4. REEVE, Elements of Couch., II, 1860, pi. r, No. 4. * JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., 1, 1862, p. 41.* REEVE, L. and F. W. Moll. Br., 1863, p. 215, fig. 1. *BIELZ, Faun. Sieben, 1863, p. 195.* HOUGHTON, Int. Obs., 1864, p. 68, pi. [i], figs. 1, 2. * BROT, Etudes Nayades, Leman, 1867, p. 28, pi. i, fig.l ; pi. n, figs. 1, 2. * KOBKLT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 247.* WESTERLUND, Faun. S. N. and D., 1873, p. 583. DROUET, Mem. Acad. Dijon, VIII, 1882, p. 25 (reprint). *L. ADAMS, Coll. Manual, 1884, p. 21, pi. n, fig. 1. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 178. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 199. * LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 234. * WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 168. Symphynota cygnea LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 1830, p. 456; Obs., I, 1834, p. 70. * Margarita (Anodonta} cygnea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 48; 1838, p. 29. *Anodon cygnea CROUCH, 111. Int. Lam., 1827, pi. ix, fig. 6. CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. *Margaron (Anodonta) cygnea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 47; 1870, p. 76. * Anodonta cygnaa GASSEIS, Moll. Ag., 1849, p. 189. * Anodonta radiatm Mi'LLER, Vermium, 1774, p. 209. *Hytilu8zellen8i8 GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., I, 1788, p. 3262. * Anodonta zellensis WAARDENBERG, Hist. Nat. Animalium, 1827, p. 37. * Anodonta cellensis C. PFEIFFER, Dents. L. and Suss. Moll., I, 1821, p. 110, pi. vi, fig. 1. *Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., Ill, 1824, p. 144. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., IV, 1836, p. 22, pi. xix, fig. 280.* SCHOLZ, Schleis. L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 119. * STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 58, pi. n, fig. 69.* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiirNat., XIII, Pt. 1, 1847, p. 272. * DBS MOULINS, Actes. Soc. L. Bord, XVIII, 1852, p. 495.* DROUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p. 60.* DUPUY, Nay. Fr. No. 2, 1852, p. 11, pi. ii. *KUSTER, Conch,Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 16, pi. iv. fig. 3 ; v,figs. 1-4 ; vi, fig. 1.* BIELZ, Faun. Sieben., 1863, p. 197. *BROT, Coq. Leman, 1867, p. 33, pi. in, figs. 1-3; iv, figs. 1, 2; vi, fig. 4. *SCHRENCK, Reis. und F. Am. L., II, 1867, p. 722.* KOBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 251.* LEHMAN, Die Schneck., 1873, p. 297. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 177. 'WESTER- LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 211. * Anodonta variabilis DRAPARNAUD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 108. FOURNEL, Faun. Moselle, I, 1836, p. 487. * Mytilus aronensia MONTAGU, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 172. * TURTON, Conch. Diet., 1819, p. 116.* WOOD, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 69, pi. xn, fig. 34. * Anodon avonensis, TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 211. * Anodonta avonensis MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. France, II, 1855, p. 562, pi. XLVI, figs. 7, 8. * Mylilus avoensis TURTON, Brit. Faun., 1807, p. 165. *Mytilu8 stagnalis TURTON, Brit. Faun., 1807, p. 165.* DILLWYN, Cat. 1, 1817, p. 316. TURTON, Conch. Diet., 1819, p. 115. * Anodonta stagnalis Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., Ill, 1824, p. 143. * WEST^RLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 199.* LOCARD, Coq. Fr., 1893, p. 228. * Mytilus fucatus DILLWYN, Cat. 1, 1817, p. 317. * Anodonta sulcata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 85. *NiLSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 113.* DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pi. ecu.* KLEE- NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 623 BERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 36 -* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 566 ; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 678. * HANLEY, Bi v. Shells, 1843, p. 216. * Anodonta intermedia LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 86. * C. PFF.IFFER, Deuts. L. and S. Moll., 1821, Pt. 1, p. 113, pi. vi, fig. 3. *NiLSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 117 -* WAARDENBERG, Hist. Nat. Animalimu, 1827, p. 37. " DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pi. cci, fig. 2. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 74.* LOCARD, Coq.de Fr., 1893, p. 263. * Anodon intermedia CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. * Anodon intermedius KENYON, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1, 1829, p. 426, fig. 185. *Mytilu8 inci-assatus SHEPPARD, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, 1820, p. 85, pi. v, fig. 4. * Anodonta incrassata LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 260. *Mytilii8 macula SHFPPARD, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, 1820, p. 86, pi. v, fig. 6. * Anodon paludosus TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 240, pi. xv, fig. 6. * Anodonta jMsci/iaZisNiLSSOX, Hist. Moll. Svec. ,1822, p. 116. *" ROSSMASSLKR,ICOII., IV, 1836, p. 23, pi. xix, fig. 281,etc. * HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216. *GAS- SIES, Moll. Ageii., 1849, p. 191, pi. iv, fig. 1. * DROUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p. 285. * DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 612, pi. xxi, figs. 17, 18. * DROUET, Nay. France, No. 5, 1852, p. 11, pl.v, fig. 1. * DESMOULINS, ActesSoc. L. Bord., XVIII, 1852, p. 496.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Auo., 1853, p. 45, pi. in, figs. 4, 5. * MOQUIN-TANDOX, Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 561, pi. XLV, figs. 5,6; XLVI, figs. 1, la. *KOBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 249. * LEHMAN, Die Schnecken, 1873, p. 300. * P/ETEL, Conch. Sara., Ill, 1890, p. 183. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 284; * Kong. Svensk. Vet. 1876, XIV, No. 12, p. 66. * Anodonta ventricosa C. PFEIFFER, Dsuts. L. and Suss, Moll., Pt. 2, 1825, p. 30, pi. in, figs. 1-6. *DROUET, Rev.etMag.,IV, 1852, p. 58; Nay. France, No. 2, 1852, p. 6.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 56, pi. xi, figs. 3-5.* BROT, Coq. Fam. Nay. Lein., 1867, p. 32.* DROUET, Mem. Ac. Dij., 3d ser., VII, 1882, p. 29 (reprint).* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 203.* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 230. Anodonta minima MILLET, Mem. Soc. Agr., Aug., 1833, p. 241, pi. xn, fig. 2. * CAT- LOW and REEVE, Conch. Noui., 1845, p. 67." DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 611, pi. xx, fig. 20. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 277. * LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 307. Anodonta oblonga MILLET, Mem. Soc. Agr., Aug., 1833, p. 242, pl.xii. * DROUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p. 63; Nay. Fr., No. 2, 1852, p. 14; His. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 65, pi. xvin, fig. 13. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II. Pt. 7., 1890, p. 215. * LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 273. * Anodon oblongus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xv, tig. 54. * Anodonta attenuata HELD, Isis, 1836, p. 280. * Anodonta exulcerata PORRO, Mai. Como., 1838, p. Ill, pi. n, fig. 12. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 66.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxiii, fig. 131.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 127, pi. XL, figs. 3, 4. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 262.* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 289. * Anodonta coarctata POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 142, pi. LV, fig. 2. * DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 616, pi. xx, fig. 51. * Anodonta elongata POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 141, pi. LV, fig. 1.* PUTON, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 69.* DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 620, pi. xvi, fig. 16.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 307. * Anodonta glabra STABILE, Faun. Lu. 143, pi. xxni, fig. 1.* WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. N. An., 1827, p. 37. STARK, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89. * KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 37. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 57, pi. xxix, figs. 417-420. * PORRO, Mai. Como., 1838, p. 109. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 216; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216. * STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 57, pi. n, fig. 67. *PUTON, Moll. Vosg., 1847, p. 68. * GASSIES, Moll. Ag., 1849, p. 190.* MIDDENDORFF, Sib. Reise, II, 1851, p. 283, pi. xxi, fig. 4; xxix, figs. 5, 6. * DROUET, Rev. ct Mag., IV, 1852, p. 244; Nay. Fr., 1852, p. 4, pi. iv, fig. 1. * DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 610, pi. xix, fig. 13." FRIELE, Norsk. L. Fersk. Moll., 1853, p. 54.* VON WAHL, Suss. Biv. Liv., 1855, p. 122.* MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr, et Fl. Fr., II, 1855, p. 558, pi. XLV, figs. 1, 2. "JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., I, 1862, p. 43. ' SCHRENCK, Reis. und Forsch. Am. L., II, 1867, p. 721. BROT, Etude Nay. Lem., 1867, p. 38, pi. in, fig. 4; v, fig. 2; vi, figs. 1-3; vn, figs. 1-3. * LEHMAN, Die Schneck., 1873, p. 303. * WESTKRLUND, Faun. S. N. and D., 1873, p. 587." CLESSIX, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 83, pi. xiv, figs. 3, 4 ; xxvi, figs. 1, 2. *L. ADAMS, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 21, pi n, fig. 2. ' P/ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 176.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 225.* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 275. *. Inodon anatina CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Noni., 1845, p. 66. 'nodonta complanata ROSSMASSLER, ' Icon., I, 1835, p. 112, pi. in, fig. 68, IV, p. 24, pi. xx, fig. 283. SCIIOLZ, Schleis. L. und W. Moll., 1843, p. 123. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 12, pi. ill, figs. 2, 3.* DROUET, Nay. Fr., 1854, p. 8, pi. vn, fig. 1. * MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr, et Fluv. FT., II, 1855, p. 560, pi. XLV, figs. 3,4. * VON WAHL, Arch.fiirNat. Kund. Liv.,2dser., I, p. 115. WESTERLUND, Faun. S. N. & p., 1873, p. 586. *CLESSIN, Nach. Mai. Ges., 1874, p.85; 2 Deuts. Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 446, fig. 292. * KOBELT, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 44, pi. CLXV, fig. 1650-1654.* DROUET, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 24 (re- print)." WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 301. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 178. * Anodon complanatns SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. ix, fig. 21 ANODONTA CYGNEA var. PONDEROSA C. Pfeiffer. *Anodonta ponder osa ('. I'FKIFFER, Deuts. L. und S. Moll., 1825, Pt. 2, p. 31, pi. iv, figs. 1-6. * WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat. An., 1827, p. 37. *KLEEBKIU;, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 37.* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., IV, 1836, p. 24, pi. xx, fig. 282. PORRO, Mai. Como., 1838, p. 112.* HANLF.Y, Biv. Shells, 1843,p. 216. SCHOL/., 'Credited to Ziegler Museum by Rossmassler. It was published under the name Anodonta compressa in Menke's Synopsis, 1831, but not described. 2 According to Clessin in this paper this is the only European species distinct from A. cygnea. NO. 1205. Sl'XOl'SIS OF THE NAIADES SIMl'SON. (>27 Schl. L. & W. Moll., 1843, p. 122. * DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 604, pi. xviii, fig. 12. " KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 13, pi. iv, fig. 1. DROU- KT, Nay. Fr., 1854, p. 2, pi. vi. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 233. tANODONTA CYGNEA var. ROSTRATA Rossmassler.' * Anodonta roslratd ROSSMASSLER, Icon., IV, 1836, p. 25, pi. xx, fig. 284.-' * CAT- LOW and REEVE, Couch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. * STABILLE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 59, pi. n, fig. 70.* DROUKT, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p. 288 ; Nay. Fr., 1852, p. 14, pi. v, fig. 2.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 14, pi. iv, fig. 2. * BOURGUI- GNAT, Rev. et Mag., XV, 1863, p. -23, (also XIV, pi. xxi, fig. 5.) * DKOUKT, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 37 (reprint).* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 184.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 246. * Anodon rostratus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. n, fig. 4. Europe generally; Siberia; southward, perhaps, into Asia Minor. It has been reported from the Amoor River drainage, but 1 presume tliat the specimens from that region belong to the group of A. woodianci. ANODONTA RETTERI Drouet. * Anodonta retteri DROUET, Jl. , Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p.264. Santee Canal, South Carolina. f ANODONTA IMPLICATA Say. Anodonta implicata SAY, New Harm. Diss., II, No. 22, 1829, p. 340. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73. FERUSSAC, Guerin. Mag., 1835, p. 250.- SAY, New L. and F. W. Shells, 1840, p. 10.* L. W. SAY, Terr, and Flnv. Shells, 1840, p. 11. STIMPSON, Shellsof N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.* CLES- SIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 78, pi. xix, fig. 3. * LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa V. N. Club, 1882, p. 56.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* H. CARPENTER, Nautilus, IV, 1890, p. 57. * Anodon implicata GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 118, fig. 78; 2d ed., 1870, p. 180, fig. 481.* DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 202.* HARTMAN and MICH- KNEU, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 94, fig. 193. "Margaron (Anodonta) implicata LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 80. * 1 Anodon implicatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xm, fig. 44. 3 *t Anodonta neictonemis LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 79, pi. xxi, fig 66; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 79, pi. xxi, fig. 66.* HANI.EY, Teat. Moll., 1842, p. 219. * Margarita (Anodonta) newtonensis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 30. * Anodon newtonensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xvn, fig. 62. * Anodonta neictoniensis TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, p. 239. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 182. * Anodon netvtoniana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. *1 Anodon excurvala DE KAY, 4 Zool. of N. Y., Moll., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 202, pi. xvn, fig. 233. CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179. 1 The type of this is in Mr. Bryant Walker's collection, and seems to be a variety ofmarginata. 2 It is hard to say where this belongs, or what it is. The figure shows it a dirty yellowish, without rays, and shaped something like A. fragilis, while the description is too brief to properly characterize it. 3 This may be A. grandia Say. 4 1 am not certain whether this is the implicata of Say or his cataracta. De Kay states that the shell is thin and fragile, and the figure shows it to be brown, green, and yellowish, in irregular bands, and apparently shining and smooth like cataracta. He says that it is nearest to implicata. 634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. *Attodonlahoit8alonicti LIXSI.EY, Am. Jl. Sci., 1845, p. 277. *STI MI-SON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. r.i.TKi., Conch. Sain., III. 1890, p. 180. St. Lawrence drainage; north to Lake Winnipeg; south in streams flowing into the Atlantic to Virginia; not reported from Michigan. jANODONTA HALLENBECKII Lea. * Anodonta hallenbeckii LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 139; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 232, pi. xxxn, fig. 112; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 50, pi xxxii, fig. 112. *CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 95, pi. xxvin, figs. 3, 4.* B. H. WKIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P,F,TEL. Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 180. *SOWKRHY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl.xxin, fig. 89, 483. *Margaron (Anodonta) hallenbeckii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. * \ Anodonta (jesnerli LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p. 139; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 231, pi. xxxi, fig. 109. *0bs., VII, 1859, p. 49, pi. xxxi, fig. 109. *CLESSIX, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 95, pl.xxviil, figs. 1, 2. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Anodon yesneril SOWEUKY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl.vn, fig. 15. *Margaron (Anodonta) yesnerii LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. * Anodonta gessneri P^KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179.' Georgia. f ANODONTA DOLIARIS Lea. 2 *Anodon1a dolearis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193. * Anodonta doliaris LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 186G, p. 24, pl.vni, fig. 23; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 28, pi. YIII, fig. 23.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Aao., 1874, p. 130, pi. XLII, figs. 1, 2. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Anodonta) doliaris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. North Carolina. t ANODONTA DARIENSIS Lea. *Anodonta dariensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 139; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 230, pi. xxvm, fig. 99; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 48, pi. xxvin, fig. 99. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 118, pi. xxxvii, figs. 3, 4. * B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P/KTKL, Conch. Sani., Ill, 1890, p. 178. * Anodon darwnsi* SOWERHY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xvm, fig. 70. *Margaron ( Anodonta) dariensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. - Georgia; north Florida. Group of Anodonta imbecillis. Shell thin, elliptical, sometimes slightly produced near the center of the base, pointed behind, with a slight posterior dorsal wing; area of the beaks generally flattened though often full; beak sculpture con- sisting of several rather delicate, irregular ridges which show a tend- ency to break into nodules ; epidermis bright and smooth, usually marked 1 The type of A. hallenbeckii is a sulcate shell, somewhat constricted at the central base, while that of A. gesneri is not constricted and is smoother. The former may be slightly diseased, and the museum series of shells appears to absolutely connect the two. 2 First spelled dolearix by Lea, and afterwards changed by him to doliaris. NO. 1205. sYxnrxrs or THI: x M.iDES-snirsox. fi35 \\ itli beautiful, delicate, capillary rays; nacre bluish. Animal some- times highly colored; gills nearly alike in size, often having a distinct border of different texture; eye spots on branchial opening generally perceptible. tANODONTA IMBECILLIS Say. Anodonta imbecillis SAY, N. Harm. Diss., II, No. 23, 1829, p. 1555. 'CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.* FKRUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. " L. SAY, Terr. andFluv. Shells, 1840, p. 13. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N.^Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264. II. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. * CALKINS, Pr. Dav. Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 47. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 70, pi. XLIX, figs. 4,5; xxv, fig. 4. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTKL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 180.* STEARNS, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 106. * BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 55. pi. v, fig. 1. MarynroH (Anodonta} imbecillis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 80. ' .1 notion imbecillis SOWERUY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxvu, fig. 102. * t Anodonta incerta LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 46, pi. vi, fig. 16; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 158, pi. vi, fig. 16.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.* HAM.KV, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.* PASTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890. p. 180. * Margarita (Anodontu) hn-crta LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838. p. 30. *Anodon incerta CATLOW and KKEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. ^Anodon incertns SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xvn, fig. 59. *Anodon horda GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, 1855, p. 229; * Otia Conch., 1862, p. 218. * Anodonta hordeinn P.-KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 180. Entire Mississippi drainage area; south Michigan; North Carolina to (leorgia; southwest to Matamoras, Mexico. tANODONTA HENRYANA Lea. 1 ^Anodonta henryana LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 102; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 373, pi. LXVI, fig. 198; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 55, pi. LXVI, fig. 198. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 141, pi. XLV, figs. 5. 6. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam. r III, 1890, p. 180. * FISCHER andCROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 525. *Margaron (Anodonta) henryana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. *Anodon henryana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl.xxxiv, fig. 140. 2 Northeast Mexico; southern Texas. tANODONTA GIBBOSA Say.' Anodonta y'Jtbosa SAY, Exp. to St. Peters R., 1824, p. 265, pi. xiv, figs. 3, 4. * FERTSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25; * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 74, pi. xvm, fig. 3. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179. 'Typically very distinct from imbecillis, having the dorsal aud basal lines quite straight. But there are many intermediate forms which are very hard to place, aud it is probably only a variety of the latter. ~ 2 Anodonta impnra Say, (Disseminator, 1829, p. 355) from Mexico has never been figured and was only briefly described. It is quite likely that it is the same as A. henryana. 3 An exceedingly variable species in form, size, and solidity. ./. dunlapiana seems to me to be only a slightly elongated, rather solid form. 636 PROCEEDINGS 0V THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * Margarita (Anodonta) f/ibbosa LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 31. * Anodon gibbosa CATLOW and REEVK, Conch. Nom., 1845, ]>. t>7. *Margaron (Anodonta) f/ibbosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 81. * Anodon gibbosiis SOWERBY, .Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. ix, fig. 23. *\ Anodonta con-penana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289. * Anodonta conptriana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 227, pi. xx, fig. 146; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 65, pi. xx, fig. 46.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1X57, p. 502.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 148, pi. L, figs. 3, 4.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 433, pi. LXXIV, fig. 1. *Margaron (Anodonta) couperiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 81. * Anodonta cooperiana P^KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 178. t ANODONTA GIBBOSA var. DUNLAPIANA Lea. *t Anodonta dunlapiana'LK A, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1842, p. 225; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 248, pi. xxvn, fig. 65; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 86, pi. xxvii, fig. 65. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pi. xxm, fig. 87. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 220, pi. LXXIV, figs. 1, 2.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179. South Carolina to Florida. (Group of Anodonta suborbiculata.) Shell large, compressed, suborbicular, somewhat produced near the center of the base, rounded in front and bluntly pointed behind, with a slight posterior dorsal wing; beaks flattened, the sculpture consisting of a few irregular ridges, which are generally broken into nodules sometimes only corrugated; a well-defined but low posterior ridge sepa- rates the smooth, shining area in front from a darker and rougher one behind; epidermis with numerous delicate, capillary rays near the beaks; muscle scars very large; nacre rather coppery and iridescent; palleal line broken, often marked with radiating ridges. Animal unknown. 1 t ANODONTA SUBORBICULATA Say. Anodonta suborbiculata SAY, New Harm. Disseminator (newspaper form), January 29, 1831; Am. Conch. I, No. II, 1831. pi. XL * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 222; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 18, pi. in, figs. 1, lo.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853. p. 264. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 503. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 160, pi. LII, figs. 1, 2.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. ^Margarita (Anodonta) suborbiculata SAY, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31. * Anodon suborbiculata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. *Margaron (Anodonta) suborbiculata SAY, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 81. * Anodon suborbiculatus SOWKRBY, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. v, fig. 11. Nebraska, Iowa; Illinois; south to Louisiana. Abundant locally. 1 Closely related to the imbecillis group, but differing in form, beak sculpture, the large muscle scars, and the palleal line. NO. 1 205. S TNOPSIS OF THE NA I A DES SIMPSON. -637 (Group of Anodonta woodiana.) 1 Shell oval, inflated, sometimes narrowed in front, pointed behind, and often a little produced at the posterior base, slightly winged in the post-dorsal region ; beaks full, sculptured with numerous strong con- centric ridges, which are either straight in the center of the disk or slightly doubly looped. There is often a faint posterior ridge, which may be double, making the shell feebly biangulate behind; dorsal scars one or two under the beaks; muscle scars irregular. Animal with the gills large, equal in size, rounded below, free the greater part of their length from the abdominal sac, somewhat wrinkled ; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills, forming thick brown pads when filled ; palpi large, subelliptical, free from the mantle a long way; mantle having a wide, thickened edge; branchial opening crowded with dark papillae; anal opening with no papillae, but having purple ridges inside; superanal opening closed nearly its whole length. 2 t ANODONTA WOODIANA Lea. * Symphynota ivoodiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 42, pi. v, fig. 13; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 154, pi. v, fig. 13. * Margarita (Anodonta) woodiana LKA, Syn., 1836, p. 48; 1838, p. 29. *Anodon woodiana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxvi, fig. 149. * Anodonta woodiana HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 215. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. *CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 146, pi. XLVIII, figs. 1, 2. *Margaron (Anodonta) u-oodiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 47; 1870, p. 75. ^Symphynota magnifica LEA, S Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 42, pi. v, fig. 14 ; Obs., I, 1834, p. 155, pi. v, fig 14. * Margarita (Anodonta) magnifica LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 48; 1838, p. 29. * Anodonta magnifica HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 215. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 503.* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 146, fig. 719. * SCHRENCK, Reis and F. Am. Lande., II, 1867, p. 718, pi. xxvm, figs. 1, 2.* PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 181. *Anodon magnifica CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxv, fig. 96. *Margaron (Anodonta) magnifica LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 47; 1870, p. 75. *? Anodonta aurata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. AUG., 1853, p. 30, pi. vi, fig. 2. 1 Fischer has made a subgenus Pteranodon (Man. Conch., p. 1003) for A. magnifica, but I do not see any need of giving it and the related species any higher rank than that of a group. The shell and animal differ but little from those of other Anodontas. 2 A group closely agreeing in general characters, but having enormous individual variation. Pere Heude has bestowed specific names on a great number of forms, most of which are, I think, merely mutations of Lea's woodiana. Fortunately the U. S. National Museum possesses in the Morelet collection a large series of author's specimens, and the excellent figures in the Conchyliologie Fluviatile Nanking enable me to straighten out this difficult group to some extent. 3 Larger and rather more finely developed than A. woodiana, but the large series of material I have examined absolutely connects the two. 6oS !'i;<>ci:i:i>i.\i;s or Tin: \ATIUXAL 'Anodon rotttndatii* SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, pi. xxxvn. Anodon gibbuiit I>KNSOX, .11. Asiat. So<-., XXIV, 1855, p. 135. Anodon i/ihbii SowKitisv. Conch. Icon.. XVII. 1867, pi. vi, fig. 13. HEUDE. Conch. Fl. Nank., VII, 1881, pi. Li, fig. 95. *Maryaron (Anodonta) gibba LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. "vox MAKTKXS, Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 159, pi. cxxxvi, ligs. 6, 7. Anodonta gibba CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 181, pi. LX, fig. I. P.KTKI., Conch. Sara., Ill, 1890, p. 179. * Anodon tricostatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxv, fig. 98. * P.I-.TKI , Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 186. 'Anodonta editlis HKUDK, J. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 117. *Anodon ediilix UEI'DE, Conch. F. Nank., I, 1875, pi. viu, fig. 18. Ait(hntit ediilis P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179. * \Anodon seciiriformis HKI T DE, Couch. F. Nank., III. 1877, pi. xvm, fig. 39. * Anodonta sccnrif or min P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * \Anodon nigricans HEUDE, Couch. F. Nank., Ill, 1877, pi. xix, tig. 41. * Anodonta niyricana P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 182. f t Anodon pvacatorum HEUDE, Couch. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pi. xxvi, fig. 56. *AnodoneUiptica HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pi. xxvu, fig. 58. *t Anodon fusca HEUDE, C. F. Nauk., IV, 1878, pi. xxvin, fig. 59. *Anodon friniana HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pi. xxvin, fig. 60. * Anodon joreti HEUDK, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pi. xxix, fig. 62. * \Anodon striata HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pi. xxx, fig. 63. * Anodonta striata P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. ^Anodon pacifica HEUDK, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pi. xxxn, fig. 66. * \Anodon iumida HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pi. xxxv, fig. 69. Anodonta tnmida P/ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 186. *Anodon unbietragona HEUDE, C.F. Nank., V, 1879, pi. xxxvi, fig. 70. * Anodon lineata HKUDK, C.F. Nank., V, 1879, pi. xxxvi, fig. 71. * Anodonta lineata P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p 181. *Anodon irregnlaris HEUDE, C.F. Nank., V, 1879, pi. xxxvn, fig. 73. * Anodonta irregnlarix P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 180. "Anodon melanoclilorea HEUDK, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pi. xxxvui, fig. 74. * Anodonta melanoclilorea P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 182. * ^Anodon agricolamm HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl.xxxix, fig. 75. ^Anodonta agricolamm P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 176. \Anodon minyornm HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pi. XL, fig. 77. 'Anodonta mingorum P/ETEL, C. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 182. Anodon bigibba HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XLI, fig. 78. * Anodonta bigibba P/ETEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 177. Anodon despecta HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1880, pi. XLI, fig. 79. * Anodon oUusa HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XLII, fig. 80. * Anodon naricella HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XLII, fig. 81. Aiiodonta naricula P/^ETEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 182. * Anodon orbiculariH HEUDK, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XLII, fig. 82. * Anodonta orbinilaris I'.IOTEL, C. 8am., Ill, 1890, p. 182. * Anodon limoxa HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XLIII, fig. 83. * Anodonta limosa P/ETEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 181. Anodon lirida HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XLIII, fig. 84. * Anodonta livida P.ETKL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 181. 'Anodon caxtanea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XLIII, fig. 85. "Anodonta castanea P.ETEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 177. * Anodon minuta HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XLIV, fig. 86. * Anodonta minuta P.ETEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 182. * t Anodon succinea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XLIV, fig. 87. * Anodonta succinea P/ETEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. N0.1205. SYNOPSIS 01' Till-: \.II.IDKS SIMI'SOX. 630 * i Anodon cliinian<( HEUDK, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. xr.v, tig. 88. 'Anodonfa chiniana P.KTKL, C. Sara., Ill, 1890, p. 177. * Anodonta scaplnjd'unn HEI DK, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pi. XL\ i, fig. 89. * Anodonta scaphidittm P.KTKL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 184. * \Anodon puerorum HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1880, pi. XLVII, fig. 90. 'Anodonta puerorum P.KTEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 183. ~ Anodon indecora HEUDE, C. F. Nauk., VI, 1880, pi. XLVIII, fig. 91. *Anodonta indecora P/KTEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 180. " Anodon sorinl HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pi. XLIX, fig. 92. * Anodonta sorini P.KTEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p 185. * Anodon rosea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pi. L, fig. 93. * Anodonta rosea P.KTEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 184. 'Anodon aubreyi HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pi. LII, fi, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 56.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 181. * Anodon lewisii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxv, fig. 142. *Margaron (Anodonta) lewisii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. f ANODONTA GRANDIS var. FOOTIANA Lea. * Anodonta footiana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 225, pi. xx, fig. 44; "Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 63, pi. xx, fig. 44. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. "CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. AUG., 1876, p. 227, pi. i.xv fig. 5; LXXIV, fig. 3. *LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 56 *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam.. Ill, 1890, p. 179. * BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 54, pi. in, figs. 2-4; v, fig. 2; vin, fig. 5. *Margaron (Anodonta) footiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 78. * Anodon footiana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xiv, fig. 48. *t Anodonta marryattana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 289; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 226, pi. xx, fig. 45; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 64, pi. xx, fig. 45. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen Rec. Moll., II., 1857, p. 503. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 72, t .l. xxvi, figs. 3, 4.* B. H, WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sum. III, 1890, p. 181. * Margaron (Anodonta) marnjattana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. * Anodon marryattanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxvin, fig. 111. * Anodonta sulcata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 62, pi. xvni, fig. 1 'I have seen Say's type of A. grandis, and it appears to be identical with Le.Vs ovata. 2 This is an ovata which had become diseased internally, probably from the work of a Trematod, so that the nacre became roughened or blistered, and generally saj.- .mon colored.. NO. 1206. SYNOPfUS OF THE XAIADES SIMPSON. 643 * Anodonta nilssonii KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 61, pi. xvn, figs. 3, 4. * Anodon imbricata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 159, pi. xiv, fig. 1. * Anodonta imbricata B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 180. "Anodon subhijtata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 160, pi. xv, fig. 1. * Anodonta subinflata B. H. WKIGHT, Check List, 1888.* PASTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. * ? Anodon edentulus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xvu, fig. 60. * Anodonta houghtonensis CURRIER, Shell-bearing Moll. Mich., 1881, p. 14, pi. i, fig. 2.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. tANODONTA GRANDIS var. LEONENSIS Lea. "Anodonta leonensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 25, pi. ix, fig. 24; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 29, pi. ix, fig. 24. *CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 131, pi. XLII, figs. 3, 4. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* PVETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 181. * Margaron (Anodonta) leonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. fANODONTA GRANDIS var. GIGANTEA Lea. 1 "Anodonta giganteaLEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1834, p.l, pi. i, fig. 1; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 1, pi. i, fig. 1. *TROSCHKL, Arch, fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 238. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219. * CATLOW and REEVK, Couch. Nona., 1845, p. 67. " KUSTER, Couch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 6, pi. i, figs. 1, 2. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179. Moryarita (Anodonta) gigantea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838. p. 31. Murgaron (Anodonta) gigantea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 81. * Anodon gigantea SOWERRY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. vm, fig. 18. * Anodon giganteus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxvn, fig. 152. * t Anodonta plana- LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 48, pi. vn, fig. 18; Obs., I, p. 160, pi. vn, tig 18.* FERUSSAC, Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 25.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 142, pi. XLVI, figs. 1, 2. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* PJETEL, Conch. Sam:, III. 1890, p. 183. * Margarita (Anodonta) plana LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 30. * Anodon plana UK KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 201, pi. xvu, fig. 232.* CAT- LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nona., 1845, p. 67. * SOWERBY, Conch, Icon., XVII, 1869, pi. xxiv, fig. 94. * Margaron (Anodonta) plana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50 ; 1870, p. 80. * Anodonta declii-is CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 341, pl.i, fig. 11; New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.* FERUSSAC, Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 25. MOLLKR, Syn., Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 194.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. * t Margarita (Anodonta) decora LEA, SYN., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 30. * Anodonta decora LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 64, pi. xx, fig. 63; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 64, pi. xx, fig. 63. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 238. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. *CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 71, pi. xvn, figs. 1, 2.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 178. 'A variety of grandis. The type is a large, heavy form, with a considerably developed posterior ridge, the shell somewhat truncated above and behind the ridge, I have frequently seen such shells which are evidently pathologic. 2 This name is written palna in above citation: a typographical error, no doubt. 644 PROCEEDINGS <>r mi-: .v.r/vo.y.i/. MTSEUM. * Anodon decora CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. "SOWBRBT, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pi. xxi, fig. 83. * Margaron (Anodonta) decora LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 81. * \Anondonta harpethensis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 289; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 224, pi. xix, fig. 42 ; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 62, pi. xix, fig. 42. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 264.' H. and A. ADAMS. Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 217, pi. i.xxn, figs. 1, 2. *B. H. WKIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 180. ^Margaron (Anadonta) harpethensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 81. *Anodon harpethensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pi. xxi, fig. 82. *Anodon subangitlata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 158, pi. xm, fig. 1. * Anodonta subangulata, B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. *Anodonla opalina KTSTKR, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 60, pi. xvi, figs. 1, 2. *Anodon opalina ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 159, pi. xiv, fig. 2. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 182. : *AnaAon mcnielii ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., II, 1866, p. 144, pi. vi, fig. 1. *Anodon subgibbosa ANTHONY Am. Jl. Couch., II, 1866, p. 144, pi. vi, fig. 2. * Anodonta tmbgibbosa B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. P^:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. *Anodon subgibbosus SOWEHBY, Couch. Icon., XVIII, 1870, pi xxvn, fig. 107. ^Margaron (Anodonta) subglobosa LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.- x Anodon inornata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., II, 1866, p. 145, pi. vn, fig. 1. *Anodon1a orata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pi. xxn, fig. 85. fANODONTA GRANDIS var. BENEDICTENSIS Lea. * Symphynota benedictensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V., 1834, p. 104, pi. xvi, fig. 48; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 216, pi. xvi, fig. 48. * Anodonta bencdiclensis FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835. p. 25. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1, 1842, p. 216.* C. B. ADAMS, Thompson's Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 164 ; F. W. and L. S. of Vt., p. 14.* DE KAY, Zool. N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 204, pi. xvm, fig. 235.* HANLEV, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216.* STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 163, pi. LIV, figs. 1, 2. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 177. * Margarita (Anodonta) benedictensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 29. * Anodon benedictensis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. * SOW- ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxvi, fig. 99. * Margaron (Anodonta) benedictensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 47. * Margaron (Anodonta) bencdictii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 75. * Anodonta benfidictii LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Cl., 1882, p. 55. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Anodonta cnltrata GOULD, in letter. Entire Mississippi system; Upper St. Lawrence drainage; Ked River of the North; Lake Winnipeg ; Manitoba; southwest to Texas; south east Pennsylvania?? t ANODONTA BEALEI Lea. * Anodonta bealei LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, VII, 1863, p. 194; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 26, pi. ix, fig. 25; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 30, pi. ix, fig. 25. 1 Krister and Anthony appear to have applied the same name independently to this species. 2 As of Anthony. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSOX. 645 * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 132, pi. XLIV, figs. 5, 6.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* RKTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 176. * Margaron (Anodonta) bealei LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. Texas to Kansas. t ANODONTA TEXASENSIS Lea.' * Anodonta texasensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 113; * Jl. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 366, pi. LXIII, fig. 191; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 48, pi. LXHI, fig. 191. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 109, pi. xxxin, figs. 7, 8. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. * Anodon texasenais SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxvi, fig. 146. * Margaron (Anodonta) texasensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. Texas. t ANODONTA DANIELSII Lea. * Anodonta danielsii LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 139; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 365, pi. LXIII, fig. 190; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 47, pi. LXIII, fig. 190.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 108, pi. xxxm, figs. 1, 2. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* RETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 178. * Maryaron (Anodonta) danielsii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. * Anodonta danielsii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxvi, fig. 148. * Margarita >i a danielxii P.-ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. Kansas; Indian Territory. t ANODONTA OPACA Lea. * Anodonta opaca LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 285, pi. xxv, fig. 46; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 41, pi. xxv, fig. 46.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 209, pi. LXIV, figs. 1, 2.^ B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 'Margaron (Anodonta) opaca LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 80. Louisiana; Mississippi; north to Kansas. t ANODONTA STEWARTIANA Lea. * Anodonta stewartiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 47, pi. vi, fig. 17; Obs., I, 1834, p. 159, pi. vi, fig. 17.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.* HAN- LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 220. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. AUG., 1874, pi. XLVIII, figs. 3, 4. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. * Margarita (Anodonta) sttnvartiana LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31. * Anodon stewartiana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. * Anodon stewartianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxn, fig. 133. "Margaron (Anodonta) stewartmna LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 81. *t Anodonta virens LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 290, pi. xvm, fig. 53; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 46, pi. xxvin, fig. 53.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 267.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Anodonta) virens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 81. * Anodon virens SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxiv, fig. 138. Arkansas; Louisiana; Texas. 1 A very young, broken shell, greatly inflated in the post basal region, is all that Lea has in his collection. It may be a distinct species, or a mere variety of grandis. 646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. tANODONTA CORPULENTA Cooper. *Anodonta corpulenta COOPEK, App. to Narrative, Exp. Miss, to It. L., 1834, p. 154. * M5LLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 193. * COOPEK, Second App. School. Expl. Exp., 1855, p. 516. * CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 47. * B. M. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Anodon corpulenta SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxn, fig. 129. "Margaron (Anodonta) corpulenta LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. Missouri Itiver; Upper Mississippi River drain age; east to Indiana; Tyler, Texas. ? Appears to be replaced in the South by A. stewartiana. tANODONTA LINNEANA Lea. * Anodonta linneana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1852, p. 289, pi. xxvn, fig. T>1; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 45, pi. LX xvn, fig. 51. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Reo, Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. AUG., 1874, p. 117, pi. xxxvi, figs. 5, 6.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888." P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 181. *Margaron (Anodonta) linneana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 81. "Anodon linnecnius SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxv, fig. 144. Louisiana; Texas. tANODONTA GLOBOSA Lea. * Margarita (Anodonta) gr/o&osaLEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52. * Anodonta ylobosa LKA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 31; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 241, pi. xxiv, fig. 56; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 79, pi. xxiv, fig. 56.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 213, pi. LXV, figs. 3, 4. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 180. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, IJ, 1894, p. 529, pi. LXVIII, figs. 1, la. * Anodon ylobosa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxv, tig. 141. *Margaron (Anodonta) globosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51 ; 1870, p. 81. * \Anodon nopalatensis SOWERBY, ' Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xvi, fig. 58. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 223, pi. LXXIII, fig. 3. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. " P/ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 182.* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 531. *Maryaron (Anodonta) nopalatensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. Mexico. ANODONTA TABASCOENSIS Morelet. * Anodonta tabascoensis MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p. 124. * P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. * FISCHER and CHOSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 530, pi. LXII, fig. 1. Tabasco, Mexico. 1 Lea's globosa is a yonng shell. Sowerby's nopalatensis is the adult. There is a magnificent specimen in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sci- ences, 7i inches long and 5| inches high. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 647 ANODONTA MICANS Anthony. "Anodonta micans ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 162, pi. xvi, fig. 1.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. ' Margaron (Anodonta) micans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. Said to come from Texas. I do not know k, nor where it groups, though it seems something like A. Jcennicottii. ANODONTA LURULENTA Morelet. 'Anodonta lurulenta MORELET, Test. Nov. Pt. 1, 1829, p. 28. *FISCHER andCROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 523, pi. i.xiv, figs. 6, 6a. Guatemala; Yucatan. tANODONTA KENNICOTTII Lea. "Anodonta kennicottii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 56; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 214, pi. xxxin, fig. 283; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. ; 6, pi. xxxin, fig. 283.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 153, pi. XMX, figs. 3, 4.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Anodonta) kennicoitii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. * \Anodonta simpsoniana LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 56; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 212, pi. xxxn, fig. 281; *Obs.., IX, 1863, p. 34, pi. xxxn, fig. 281. *CLKSSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 119, pi. xxxvn, figs. 5, 6.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 184. * Margaron (Anodonta) simpsoniana LEA, Syii., 1870, p. 78. *Anodon simpsonianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxvn, fig. 153. * t Anodonta dallasiana LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 29, pi. xi, fig. 28; * Obs., XI, 1863, p. 33, pi. xi, fig. 28. *CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 107, pi. xxxni, figs. 3, 4.* B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 178. *Margaron (Anodonta) dallasiana LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. Upper and middle St. Lawrence River system; northwest into the Mackenzie drainage. tANODONTA PEPINIANA Lea. * Anodonta pepinianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 96, pi. xvi, fig. 51. * TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Nat., V, 1839, II, p. 239. *Anodon pepinianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxvi, fig. 150. * Anodonta pepiniana LEA, Obs., II, 1838, p. 96, pi. xvi, fig. 51. HANLEY,Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 220. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. *CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874,p. 158, pi. LIII, figs. 1, 2.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch.Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 183. "Margarita (Anodonta) pepiniana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 30. * Margaron (Anodonta) pepiniana LEA, Syn., 1872, p. 49; 1850, p. 78.' Upper and middle St. Lawrence drainage; Lake Winnipeg. 1 Although this resembles to some extent the so-called Anodonta modeata, and is sometimes slightly incurved in front of the beaks, the beak sculpture is that of the A.grandis group, and quite different from that of A. modesta. 648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MrSKfM. VOL.XXII. ANODONTA LUGUBRIS Say. Anodunta Ingttbri* SAY, N. Harm. Diss. II, 1829, p. 340.' The following are indeterminate and spurious Anodontas : * Anodon analinus SOWEUBY, Rich. Faun. Boreal<5 Am., Ill, 1836, p. 316. Saskatchewan River; probably A. implicata. * Anodonta apollonica BOUKGUIGNAT, Moll. Aceph. Eur., 1881, p. 91. Asia Minor. *Anodonla aureus P.*:TEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 176. China. *Anodonta brandti DKOUET, Jl. tie Conch., 1888, p. 108. * Anodonta callifera VON MARTENS, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 15. *Anodonta chantrel BoiiRGUiGNAT, J. de Conch., 1883, p. 187. *Anodonta chinensis P.KTEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 177. *Anodon cocMearis SOWERBY, C. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxin, fig. 135. Probably a glabaris. *Anodonta cornea PHILIPPI, Menke's Zeits., 1848, p. 130. "Anodonta curvatus JAY, Cat., 1850, p. 27. Anodon dalei LESSON, Oeuvres Buffon, I, p. 155, pi. in, fig. 1. ? *Anodonta dignota RAFINESQUE, Cont. Mon., 1831, p. 6. * Anodonta fragilis FITZINGER, Syst. Verz., 1833, p. 120. *Anodonta gallandi BOURGUIGNAT, Mat. Aceph. Eur., 1881, p. 95. * Anodonta hockingen sis CALL, Am. Nat., 1880, p. 529, Moore, manuscript. Accord- ing to Call, it is A. grandis Say. * Anodonta inflata RAFINESQUK, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 6. * Anodonta laminata ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom., VI, 1882, p. 40. * Anodonta martensi CLESSIN, C. Cab. Ann., 1876, p. 181, pi. LXIII, fig. 2. * Anodonta ohioensis RAFINESQUE, An. Gen. Sci, Brux., V, 1820, p. 316. Anodonta ovata STARK, Elements Nat. Hist., II, 1822, p. 90. * Anodon pictus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, p. 39. * Anodonta polymorpha LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 84. Credited to Kuster. Where? * Anodonta pseudodontopsis BOURGUIGNAT, Jl. de Conch., 1883, p. 187. *Anodontites radiata VALENCIENNES, Enc. Meth., 1824, p. 147, pi. ccm, fig. 4 = Modiolaria nigra. * Anodonta recurvirostra LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 84; Knster ( ?). * Anodonta rugifera DUNKER, Mai. Bl., 1858, p. 225. Probably a Spatha. * Anodonta schlqflii MOUSSON, J. de Conch., 1874, p. 51. * Anodonta sedalcoivl SIECMASCHKO, Bull, de Ac. Petersb., 1849, p. 225. * Anodonta somersi CALL, Am. Nat., 1880, p. 529, credited to Moore, manuscript, A. grandia fide Call. * Anodonta subrostrata PHILIPPI, Mai. Bl., 1869, p. 39. * Anodonta sitbainuata PHILIPPI, Mai. Bl., 1869, p. 41. A glabaris probably. * Anodonta sulcosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. Said to be of Conrad. Where? * Anodon triangularia SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xv, fig. 56. * Anodonta trigona HELD, Isis., 1836, p. 280, A. cygnea probably. The name was used by Spix in 1827. 1 1 do not kuow what this is. It is said to come from the Cumberland River, and is very likely one of the forms of A. grandis. I have omitted the synonymy. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. G49 *Anodonla truncata KUSTER, Faun. Dalm., 1866, p. 131. * Anodonta tunizana MORELET, J. de Conch., 1864, p. 156. *Anodonta mridis H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503, as of Lea. Lea did not describe it. Genus COLLETOPTERUM Bourguignat, 1881. (Type, Anodonta letourneuxi Bourguignat.) Colletopterum BOURGUIGNAT, Lettres Malacologiques, 1881, p. 45. Shell inflated, thin, winged in front and behind, hinge arched, very short, without teeth, but with a feeble lateral lamella shown in pro- nounced relief; ligament internal. Animal unknown. COLLETOPTERUM LETOURNEUXI Bourguignat. Anodonla letourneuxi BOURGUIGNAT, Annales Mai., I, 1870, p. 76. * Anodonta (Colletopterum} letourneuxi WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt. 7, p. 310. Colletopterum letourneuxi BOURGUIGNAT, Lett. Mai., 1882, p. 46; * Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., VII, 1890, pi. vi, figs. 1, 2. Servia, at Belgrade. COLLETOPTERUM PR^CLARUM Bourguignat. Anodonta prceclara BOURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mai., 1, 1870, p. 78. * Anodonta (Colletopterum) prceclara, WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt.7, p.310. Colletopterum prce-clarum BOURGUIGNAT, Lett. Mai., 1882, p. 46. Bulgaria, at Rutschuk. COLLETOPTERUM EXIMIUM Bourguignat. Anodonta eximia BOURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mai., 1, 1870, p. 80. * Anodonla (Colletopterum) eximia WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt. 7 p. 310. Wallachia at Giurgevo. COLLETOPTERUM TANOUSI Bourguignat. Anodonta tanomi BOURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mai., 1, 1870. * Anodonta (Colletopterum) tanousi WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt. 7, p. 311. Servia at Belgrade. 1 Genus GABILLOTIA Servain, 189O. (Type, Anodonta pseudodopsis Locard.) Gabillotia SERVAIN, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., VII, 1890, p. 296. Shell large, subsolid, subcompressed, more or less rhomboid gaping behind; beaks low, with fine, broken, concentric sculpture; epidermis 1 1 am wholly unacquainted with this genus. All the species are from the Danube, and if the characters are accurately given it may possibly be a valid genus, though Westerlund gives it subgeheric rank under Anodonta. It is more than likely, how- ever, that all the so-called species are merely specimens of the well-known Anodonta cygnea, having a dorsal wing which conceals the ligament, and something which may be vestiges of lateral teeth. Such examples occur among Anodontas in other parts of the world. 650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE I'M. VOL.XXII. sbiuiug; teeth rudimentary, one in each valve, sometimes rather sharp pointed and flattened; hinge with occasional vestiges of laterals; epi- dermal matter mingled with the nacre on the hinge; nacre brilliant, often finely radially ridged, especially at the palleal line. Animal unknown. GABILLOTIA PSEUDODOPSIS Locard. < Anotlonta pseudodopsis LOCARD, Mai. d'lacs Tilt., 1883, p. 61, pi. xixhis., ligs. 1-3. "Gabillotia paeudodopsix, SKRVAIN, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., VII, 1890, p. 296, tig. Syria. GABILLOTIA LOCARDI Servain. *Gabillotia locardi SERVAIN, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., VII, 1890, p. 296, pi. v, figs. 1,2. Asia Minor. GABILLOTIA OPPERTI Bourguignat. * Unio opperti liouryuignat, Rev. etMag., VIII, 1856, p. 71, pis. viu, fig. 6; ix, fig. 1. * Pseudodon opperti WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 182. * Margaritana opperti P.ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 173. *Margaritana euphratica KOBELT, Icon., new ed., II, 1886, p. 26, pi. XLV, fig. 266. Euphrates River. fGABILLIOTIA EUPHRATICA Bourguignat. * Unio enphraticus BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Nov., 1852, p. 28; * Cat. Rais.. 1853, p. 75, pi. iv, figs. 1-3; * Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 72. * Pseudodon euphratica CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. Margaritana euphratica VON MARTENS, Vorderas Conch., 1874, p.* KOBE IT, Icon., new ed., II, 1886, p. 26, pi. XLV, fig. 266. * P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. * Leguminaia euphratica WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 188. * Unio churchillianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcvi, fig. 526. | GABILLOTIA EUPHRATICA var. CHURCHILLIANUS Bourguignat. * Unio churchillianus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., 1857, p. 18, pi. n, figs. 1-4. * P^TEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Pseudodon churchillianus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 183. *t Monocondylcva rhomboidea LEA, Pr. Ac. N. ScL, Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 187; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1860, p. 263, pi. XLII, fig. 143; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 81, pi. XLII, fig. 143. * Margaron (Monocondylcea) rhomboidea LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72. * Microcondyla>,a rhomboidea P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. * Leguminaia rhomboidea KOBELT, Icon., new ed.,VI, 1893, p. 94, pi. CLXXVIII, figs. 1124, 1125. * Unio rhomboideus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 480. * Pseudodon rhomboideus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, pi. vu, 1890, p. 183. Asiatic Turkey. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 651 Genus LEGUMINAIA Conrad, 1865. (Type, Monocondylcea mardinensis Lea.) Leguminaia CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 233. Microcondyla'a VKST, Verb. Mitth. Sieben. Ver. Nat., 1866, p. 201. Microcondylus DROUET, Jl. de Concb., 1879, p. 138. Shell rhomboid-elliptical, slightly biangulate behind; posterior ridge faint and double; beaks anterior, sculptured with fine, concentric ridges which are sometimes slightly corrugated, but which show a tendency to form two rounded loops; surface smooth or with very faint corruga- tions on the posterior slope; epidermis rayless or nearly so; a single tooth in each valve, that in the left under the beak, that in the right in front of it, teeth smooth; epidermal and ligamentary matter mingled with the nacre along the hinge; the two front anterior muscle scars united, the hinder distinct, posterior scars faint; beak cavities shallow; dorsal scars few, irregularly disposed. Animal with the outer branehi;e adherent to the mantle throughout their entire length; inner free from the abdominal sac. (Drouet.) Section IEGUMIJIAIA Conrad, 1865. (Type, Monocondyhm mardinensis Lea.) % Shell somewhat solid, elliptical to rhomboid; beaks rather full; teeth strong, with sometimes a slight secondary tooth in the left valve, well in front. Group of Leguminaia mardinensis. Characters as in the subgenus. t LEGUMINAIA MARDINENSIS Lea. * Moiiocoiidyloa mardinensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Pbila., VIII, 1864, p. 286 ; * Jl. Ac. N.Sci. Pbila., VI, 1869, p. 252, pi. xxx, fig. 67; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 12, pi. xxx, fig. 67. * Leguminaia, mardinensis CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 233. * LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon., Ill, 1883, p. 250. * WESTEKLrND,Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7,1890,p.l88. KOBELT, Icon., new ed., VI, 1893, p. 92, pi. CLXXVII, figs. 1122, 1123. *Margaron (Monocondylced) mardinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73. * Margaritana mardinensis CLESSIN, Concb. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 266, pi. LXXXIII, figs. 1, 2.* P.ETEL, Concb. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. LEGUMINAIA MARDINENSIS var. CHANTREI Locard. * Leguminaia chantrei LOCARD, Arch. Mns. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 252, pi. xixbis, figs. 8-10.* KOBELT, Icon, 1st sup., 1895, p. 23, pi. iv, fig. 3." WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Ft. 7, 1890, p. 198. * Monocondylaa chantreyi P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. * Leguminaia lourgniynati LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyou, 111,1883, p. 252, pi. xixbis, figs. 11-18. WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 189. Southern Turkey in Asia. 652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEJ'M. VOL.XXII. LEGUMINAIA TRIPOLITANA Bourguignat.' *l'nio tripolitanus BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Nov., 1852, p. 28; *Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 75, pi. iv, figs. 12, ]2a; * Rev. etMag., 1856, p. 72. *P;ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * Pseudodoii tripolitanus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 233. *Mara or Monocondyla-a bonelli. The statement that the ligament passes into the hinge exactly fits this, and this is one of the best generic characters of Leguminaia. : 'The amount of variation of this species is very great. In many cases the poste- rior end has evidently been injured by unfavorable environment, and the shell is dwarfed and variously distorted, and sometimes a good deal thickened. Of course every individual variation and distortion of this kind has been seized on by the New School and elevated to specific rank. I have seen only what seemed to me a single species of this subgenus, and nothing which really was worthy of a varietal name. * Credited to Muhlfeld in literature. 6 Credited by Rossmiissler to Ferussac, but without other reference. Lea says Ferussac's manuscript labels, neither of which constitutes a published description. 654 PROCEEDINGS OF Till: \.\Tla\M. MUSEUM. *Anodon bonelli SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xi, tig. 34. * ' Microcondylaea fcowe/ZiCLKssix, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1861, p. 257; Moll. Osterr., 1887, p. 719, figs. 486, 487.* P.KTKL, Conch. Sain. Ill, 1890, p. 175. * Microcondylus bonelli DKOUET, Jl. de Conch., xxvi, 1879, p. 138; Union. Italic, 1885, p. 110. Muryaritana (Microcondylaen) bonellii KOBKLT, Icon.. 1884, p. 62, pi. xxv, figs. 208, 209. * Leguminain bonellii WESTKRH:NI> Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 191. South central Europe. Genus LASTENA Rafinesque, 182O. (Type, Lastena lala Rafinesque.) Lastena RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 316. Odatelw RAFINESQUE, Atlantic Jl. and Friend., 1832, p. 154. Leptodea (Rafinesque) CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 262. Shell elongated, subsolid, inequilatural, generally wider in front, rounded-truncate at anterior base, pointed at post-basal region, and having a low posterior ridge, with one or more secondary ridges above it; beaks low, sculpture consisting of a few coarse, irregular, longi- tudinal folds; epidermis shining, often rayed; a single imperfect tooth occurs in each valve, and sometimes vestiges of laterals; there is one roughened dorsal scar in the shallow beak cavity; muscle scars very large, deep and distinct, the posterior greatly elongated; nacre pur- plish, shading to blue at the edge; palleal line radially ridged. Animal with very long branchiae, inner and outer about alike in size and form, projecting free slightly behind, the inner free from the abdom- inal sac nearly the whole length, brownish throughout; palpi long, large; mantle thickened at edge, brown, black above; branchial opening large, with heavy papilla^; anal opening large, without papillae; super- anal opening united below; foot very large when living, club-shaped, capable of great extension. No gravid specimens have been seen, but the outer branchiae are probably used as a marsupium. t LASTENA LATA Rafinesque. *Anodonta (Lastena) lata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 317, pi. LXXXII, figs. 17, 18. "Anodonta lata FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. * CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 26, pi. in, figs. 17, 18. * Leptodea lata CoNRAD,Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. *Anodon lata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xix, fig. 76. * Unio latus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.* SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Uuio, 1861, p. 388, pi. LXVII, fig. 5. Unio dehiscens SAY, N. Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p. 308; *Am. Conch., Ill, 1830, pi. xxiv. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 554; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 674. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204, pi. xxi, fig. 36.* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 32, pi. ix, figs. 7-9. "CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. i,xxv, fig. 393. "Margarita ( Unio) dehiscens LEA, Syn.. 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 23. NO. 1205. SYXOrSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 655 * Hemilastena dehiscens AGASSI/., Arch, fiir Nat., 1, 1852, p. 50. * Martjaron (Margarltana) dehiscens LEA, Syii., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 69. "liaphia dehiscens H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499. * Maryaritana dehiscens CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 274, pi. xxiv, tigs. 3J4. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. "Anodonta dehiscens P/ETEL, Conch. Saui., Ill, 1890, p. 178. * t Unio orient LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 73, pi. vi, fig. 5; Obs., I, 1834, p. 83, pi. vi, fig. 5." CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xiv, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 222, pi. LXXV, fig. 2.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIII, fig. 314. "Unio hildrethi DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pi. xix, figs. 4a, 46. Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. Genus SOLENAIA Conrad, 1868. (Type, Mycetopns emarginatus Lea.) Solenaia CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., IV, 1869, p. 249. Shell greatly elongated, falcate, rather thin, narrower and rounded in front, the upper anterior portion being strongly sulcate, gaping at anterior base and behind, having a strong posterior ridge that ends in a point at the post base; beaks low; sculpture of slightly double-looped concentric ridges; epidermis rayless; hinge line narrow; teeth rudi- mentary, being mere vestiges of one or more lamellar laterals in each valve; dorsal scars numerous, in a line under the hinge; anterior scars faint; posterior elongated; palleal line with a distinct posterior sinus. According to Fischer the foot is enormously developed for the purpose of burrowing, as in Mycetopoda. It is probable that the mantle is closed behind into two siphons. (Group of Solenaia emarglnata.) Anterior region much narrowed, drawn out in the direction of the anterior base, marked off' from the rest of the shell by a faint ridge. f SOLENAIA EMARGINATA Lea. *Mycetopu8 emarginatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 308; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1863, p. 398, pi. L, fig. 305; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 34, pi. L, fig. 305. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. u, fig. 6.* FISCHER. Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11. * P.TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 186. *Platiris (Mycetopus) emarginatus LEA. *Anodonta emarginatus CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 169, pi. LV, figs. 5, 6. *Mycetopus (Solenaia) emarginatus FISCHER, Bull. Soc. d'Autun, IV, 1891, p. 135. Siam, 656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE X.ITHLVAL MTSETM. VOL.XXII fSOLENAIA FALCATA Higgins. * Mycelopus falcatua HIGGINS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loml., 1868, p. 179, pi. xiv, fig. 6.' SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. iv, fig. 9. *CLKSSIN, Couch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 204, pi. LXVII, figs. 1, 2.* FISCHER, Jl. de Conch.. XXXVIII, 1890, p. 8. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 186. * Platiris (Mycetopus) falcatus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 90. Southeastern Asia. ? (Group of Solenaia soleniformis.) Shell oiily slightly narrowed in front, the narrow area not distinctly marked off from the rest of the shell. fSOLENAIA SOLENIFORMIS Benson. *Anodonta soleniformis BENSON, Jl. As. Soc. Bengal, V, 1836, p. 749. *Spatha soleniformis HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pi. ix, fig. 1. *Mycetopm soleniformis FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 94. ' Margaron ( Unio) bensoni LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. *Mycetopun bensonianus P.ETKL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 186. Assam, India. t SOLENAIA OLEIVORA Heude. *Mycetopus oleivorus HEUDK, Conch. Flnv. Nank., Ill, 1877, pi. xxn, fig. 46; xxin, fig. 48.* FISCHER, Jl. de Conch, XXXVIII; 1890, p. 11.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 187. * }Mycetopus recognitus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., Ill, 1877, pi. xxn, fig. 47. * FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 1L * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 187. *Mycetopti8 cwruleus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pi. i.xxi, fig. 135. * FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 186. *Mycetopu,8 armattis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pi. i>xx, fig. 133. 2 *Mycetopus arcnatus FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11. P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 186. "Mycetopua riridis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pi. LXXI, fig. 136. * FISCHER, Jl.de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 187. *Mycetopus succineus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pi. LXX, fig. 184. * FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.* P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 187. China. 1 Said to come from forest streams near Chyavetas, Upper Amazon, and to have been discovered by Mr. Bartlett. I can not believe that it is a South American species at all, but rather that it is from southeastern Asia, as it is an almost exact miniature copy of S. emarginatus Lea from that region, having its texture, and not the soft, shining appearance of the Mycetopodas. It was described with a miscella- neous lot of shells from various localities, and that given for this is, I think, erroneous. 3 M. arcuatus Heude in explanation of plate. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE XAIADES SIMPSOX. (J57 tSOLENAIA IRIDINEA Heude. f .Vycetopu8iridir>cu8 HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 117; Conch. Fluv. Nauk., I, 1875, pi. vin, fig. 19. * F.ISCHEH, Jl.de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 187. *Mycetopm similia HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Xauk., Ill, 1877, pi. xxm, fig. 50. * FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 187. China. SOLENAIA RIVULARIS Heude. *31ycetop><8 rh-ularis HEUDE, Couch. Fluv. Nank., Ill, 1877, pi. xxm, fig. 49. * FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11. China. SOLENAIA CARINATA Heude. 1 *Mycetopns carinatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., Ill, 1877, pi. xxi, fig. 45. '* FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam. ,111, 1890, p. 186. China. SOLENAIA RUGATA Sowerby. *Mycetopit8 rugatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. in, fig. 7. * SMJTH, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, pi. iv, fig. 1.* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Auo., 1876, p. 205, pi. LXVII, fig. 4. * P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 187. *Platiris (Mycetopus) rugatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 90. Said to come from Victoria Kiver, Australia. I am a little in doubt about the locality. (Group of Solenaia triangular is.} Shell short, rounded on post base; very narrow in front. SOLENAIA TRIANGULARIS Heude. 'Myceiopus triangularis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pi. LXXII, fig. 138. * FISHER, Jl. de Couch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 187. China. Genus GONIDEA Conrad, 18S7. (Type, Anodonta randaUi Trask, and Anodonta feminalis Gould.) Gonidea CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 165. Shell elongated, subtriangular, much narrowed in front, wide behind, inflated, subsolid, usually with a high, sharp, posterior ridge; beaks rather sharp but not high, the sculpture consisting of a few, strong, concentric bars; epidermis rayless; hinge with a rudimentary pseudo- cardinal and lateral in each valve, though these are sometimes wanting; dorsal scars forming a row within the shallow beak cavity; muscle scars irregular; palleal line with a trace of a sinus behind; nacre lurid to purplish. 'The type and only kuowu shell is a fossil fragment. It may be a recent species. Proc. N". M. vol. xxii 42 658 pi;ar /:/: in \i;s or Tin: \ATIO\AL Animal with the outer gills larger than the inner behind, narrower in front, inner free from the abdominal sac, all united to the mantle nearly to their posterior points ; mantle double edged ; branchial opening large, a lew irregular, large and small branched papilla. 1 on it; anal opening large, with rudimentary papilla 1 ; superanal opening closed a long way below; foot very large when living. No ova were found in the branchiae in numerous specimens taken at different dates and localities. f GONIDEA ANGULATA Lea. Anodonta angiilnta LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. !>7, pi. xvi, fig.52; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 97, pi. xvi, fig. 52. *TROSCHEL, Arcb. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2. p. 239. *HANLEY. Test. Moll., 1842, p. 222; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222, pi. xxiv, fig. 15. * GOULD, U.S. Expl.Exp., XII, 1852, p. 436. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1*57. p. 504. * CIIENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 146, fig. 722. *RKKVE, Elein. Couch., II, I860, pi. xxxi. fig. 180. CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 150, pi. LIII, figs. 3, 4. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 176. Margariia (Anodonta) anf/itldta LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 32. *Marqaron (Anodonta) aiiyuluta LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 52; 1870, p. 83. ' Anodon angulata CALTOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 66. - Auodon angulatns SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. in, fig. 6. . I nodon feminalis GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., Ill, 1850, p. 293 ; * Otia Conch., 1862, p. 87. Anodonta feminalis GOULD, U. S. Expl. Exp., XII, 1852, p. 436, figs. 547, 547^, 547&. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. * P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179. Anodonta randalli TRASK, Pr. Cal. Ac. N. Sci., I, 1855, p. 29. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 177. Anodon bian;/iilata SOWERHY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pi. xxni, figs. 8, 8a, 86. *Anodon1a bianyulata CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 234, pi. i.xxvn, fig. 3. Central California; north to British Columbia; east to Idaho. Genus ANODONTOIDES Simpson (in Baker) 1898. (Type, Anodonta ferunsaciana Lea.) 1 Anodontopsis SIMPSON (in Baker), Tr. St. Louis Ac. Sci., VIII, 1898, p. 76; not Anodontopsla McCoY. Anodontoides SIMPSON (in Baker 1 ), Moll. Chicago, 1898, p. 72. Shell elliptical, inflated, thin, with a faint- posterior ridge, sometimes constricted at the center of the base; beaks rather full, with a few coarse, subparallel, concentric ridges, which are curved up rather 1 The shells of this group are much like those of Strophitus, but have different beak sculpture. The character of the marsupia is also different in the two genera. In this group a limited number of ovules was found in the inner gills of one of the few gravid specimens seen, while in Anodonta only the outer gills contain ova so far as I have observed. It differs from Anodonta in the curving in of the hinge line in front of the beaks, in the beak sculpture, and in having papillte on the anal open- ing. Notwithstanding the fact that I have found embryos in all four gills of a specimen of this genus, I have placed it with the Homogense rather than with the Tetragena3 because the characters of shell and animal seeui to agree better with the former than with the latter. NO. 1205 SYNOPSIS OF THK NALADES SIMPSON. 659 sudden ly behind, and back of these there are flue radiating ridges; epidermis smooth, shining, often rayed; hinge line slightly incurved in front of the beaks, edentulous or bearing the merest rudiments of teeth; muscle scars shallow, irregular; nacre bluish white. Animal with marsupium occupying the outer and sometimes the four leaves of the branchiae; ovules more numerous in the outer, the whole pad like; gills large, inner semicircular, free from the abdominal sac, or united to it; branchial opening large, with many small papillae; anal opening with well-developed papillae. f ANODONTOIDES FERUSSACIANUS Lea. * Anodonta fentsxaciana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.. V, 1834, p. 45, pi. vi, fig. 15; *Obs., 1, 1834, p. 157, pi. vi, p. 15. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 66. CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. *Mus- GROVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. i, fig. 15. "CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 75, pi. xxui, tig. 4. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179. * Anodon ferussaciana DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 200, pi. xvi, fig. 230. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xiv, fig. 51. * Margarita (Anodonta) ferussaciano, LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 51 ; 1833, p. 30. *Maryaron (Anodonta) ferussaciana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79. "Anodontoidesfermsacianus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 72, pi. in, fig. 6; v, fig. 2. * t Anodonta buchanenxis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 47, pi. xiv, fig. 43; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 47. pi. xiv, fig. 43. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 238.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223. * CAT- LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nona., 1845, p. 66. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.* Sow- ERBY, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pi. xxiv, fig. 92. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 177. *Maryarita (Anodonta) buchancnsis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 54; 1838, p. 32. *Maryaron (Anodonta) buchanensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. *t Anodonta aryen tea LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1840, p. 289; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 223, pi. xix, fig. 41 ; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 61, pi. xix, fig. 41. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. * CLKSSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 218, pi. LXXII, figs. 3, 4. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 176. *ATaryaron (Anodonta) aryentea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p,79. *Stroplntii8 argenteus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. *t Anodonta femtyinea LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 289 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 225, pi. xix, fig. 43; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 63, pi. xix, fig. 43. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. *MUSGKOVE, Phot. Couch., 1863, pi. i, fig. 2. *CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 219, pi. LXXII, figs. 5, 6. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 179. *Maryaron (Anodonta) femtyinea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79. *\Anodonta plicata HALDEMAN, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 201." CON- RAD, Pr.Ac.Nat.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.264. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Maryaron (Anodonta) plicala LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79. *t Anodonta deniyrata LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 285, pi. xxv, fig. 45; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 41, pi. xxv, fig. 45.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila,, VI, 1853, p. 264.* H. and A. ADAMS, Geu. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.* CLESSIN, 660 PBOCEEDIXC* or THE \.lTHi.\.IL Conch. Cab. Ano., 1*75, p. 210, pi. i.xiv, ti^s. 4, 5. ' B. H. WRICH r, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEI,, Couch. Sain.. Ill, 1890, p. 178. on (Auodonta) dcnif/rata LKA, Syu., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79. * \Anodonta oblita LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1-52, p. 290, pi. xxvm, fig. 52; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 46, pi. xxvm, fig. 52.* COXRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264. * II. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. *<.'LI:-SIN-, Con<-h. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 165, pi. LIV, figs. 7, 8. * B. H. WHKMIT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Anodonta} oblita LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79. *Anodon subctjllndracea SOWEKBY, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xiv, fig. 47. * Anodonta subcylindracea CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. AUG., 1873, p. 92, pi. xxvi, figs. 6, 7. tANODONTOIDES FERUSSACIANUS var. SUBCYLINDRACEUS Lea. * t Anodonta subcylindracea LEA,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 106, pi. xxiv, fig. 117 ; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 106, pi. xxiv, fig. 117. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 239.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223. * STIMPSON, Shells of N.Eng., 1851, p. 15. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264." H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.* LATCH- FORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882,p. 55.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.*:TI-:L, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. * WALTON, Moll. Monroe Co., 1892, p. 17, pi. vin, fig. 3. * Margarita (Anodonta) subcylindracea LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 32. * Anodon subcylindracea DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 200, pi. x vi, fig. 229. . * CATLOW and REEVE, Couch. Norn., 1845, p. 68. *Harflaron (Anodonta) subcylindracea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. *Anodontoide8 xubcylindraceus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 74, pi. iv, fig. 4; vi, fig. 1. ANODONTOIDES FERUSSACIANUS var. MODESTUS Lea. * t Anodonta modesta LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 84; *J1. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 364, pi. LXIII, fig. 189; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 46, pi. LXIII, fig. 189. 'CLESSix, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 153, pi. XLIX, figs. 7, 8. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 182. *Margaron (Anodonta) modesta LEA, Syn., 1879, p. 79. Anodon modestus SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. x, fig. 26. Mississippi drainage area generally; St. LawrenceKiver system; Eed River of the North; Saskatchewan liiver; Connecticut. ? The varieties are found in the St. Lawrence system. Genus PEGIAS Simpson, 19OO. (Type, Margaritana fabula Lea.) Shell small, thickened in front, with a sharp posterior ridge, in front of which is a wide radial depression, ending in a basal sinus; above this ridge is another, making the shell decidedly biaugulate and trun- cate behind; beak sculpture consisting of subconcentric corrugations, generally swollen on the posterior ridge; epidermis decorticated, but showing a few dark, radial rays on the base of the shell; pseudocardi- nals rather solid; laterals wanting. Animal having the marsupium empty in the specimen examined; inner gills larger in front, free from the abdominal sac, all four truncated behind; palpi large; mantle with square spots on its edge; branchial opening with a few large papilla; ; anal opening smooth, not separated from the superanal. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSOX. 661 t PEGIAS FABULA Lea. Marflarita ( Margaritana) fabula, LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 46; 1838, p. 28. * Margaritana fabula LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 44, pi. xin, fig. 39; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 44, pi. xm, fig. 39. "TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Nat.,V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 238.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 301, pi. c, fig. 3.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. * Unio fabula HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213; Biv. .Shells, 1843, p. 213, pi. xxii, fig. 45.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 59.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXVI, fig. 394. *Margaron (Margaritana) fabnla LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 44; 1870, p. 70. * Micromya fabula AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Nat., 1, 1852, p. 47. *Strophitu8 fabula CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. *Baphia fabnla H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499. * ^Margaritana curreyana LEA. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, 1840, p. 288 ; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,VIII, 1842, p. 223, pi. xvm, fig. 40; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 61, pi. xvm, fig. 40. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 300, pi. c, fig. 2. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Micromya curreyana AGASSIZ, Arch, fur Nat. 1, 1852, p. 47. *Margaro (Margaritana) curreyana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870, p. 68. *StropMtit8 curreyana COXRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. *Baphia cnrreyana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499. * Unio curreyana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIII, fig. 319. * Unio cnrreyaniis HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 386, pi. xxiv, fig. 10. ^Margaritana correyana P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. Cumberland aud Tennessee river systems. Genus ARCIDENS Simpson, 19OO. (Type, Alasmodonta confragosa Say.) Shell subsolid, inflated, subrhomboid, with full, high beaks; beak sculpture very strong, consisting of irregular corrugations which fall into two loops, at the bases of which the ridges are swollen into knobs that continue out in two radiating rows on to the disk of the shell; in front of and behind the beaks are many fine, radial wrinkles, the posterior ones being zigzagged; surface of the shell covered with oblique folds and wrinkles; epidermis dark olive, shining; there are two elongated, compressed psuedocardinals in the left valve, the posterior under the beak, and curved upward, cutting off the hinge plate in the right valve, which has a single, compressed psendocardinal in front; laterals numer- ous, short, blurred; muscle scars irregular; nacre white. Animal with the gills very large, rounded below; inner the larger, free from the abdominal sac; marsupium filling the outer gills, of a peculiar, granular texture; palpi very large, elongated, attached half way to the mantle; mantle with a thick, unspotted border; branchial opening large, papillose; anal opening with rudimentary papillae. 1 1 In the only gravid specimen I have seen the marsupinm presented a peculiar, striated, granular structure, different from that of any Naiad I know. It was nar- rowed in the middle, and produced into a sort of lobe behind, but, though the spec- imen seemed to be a perfectly normal one, I am in doubt whether this peculiar form is constant. I do not think that this granulation is the result of a diseased condi- tion, though it may be. 662 PROCEEDINGS OF THE \.lTloy.lL MUSEUM. tARCIDENS CONFRAGOSUS Say. *Alasmodonta confragosa SAY, N. Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p. 339 ; * Am. Conch., I, 1830, pi. xxi; IV, 1832 (cover p. 4). *CONHAI>, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72. TERUSSAC.Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 26. "CiiEXU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 30, pi. vin, figs. 1, la. *COXRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. "Margarita (Margarilana) confragosa LEA, Syii., 1836, p. 43; 1838, p. '21. "Unio confragosa DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 552; 3d ed., II, 1837, p. 674.* HANLEY, Test. Atoll., 1842, p. 210; v Biv. Shells, 1843. p. 210. pi. xxiii, fig. 52. * DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., 1853, p. 217, pi. xxx, tigs. 5-7. *Baplna confragosa II. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500. *Margaron (Margaritana) confragosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870, p. 67. * Margaritana confragosa CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1874, p. 46. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJSTKI., Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. *Unio confragosus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nona., 1845, p. 57. *SO\VERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LX, fig. 299. Mississippi Eiver and States adjoining it; Ohio liiver drainage; southwest to the Colorado River, Texas. A specimen is in the Lea collection, said to be from Enterprise, southeastern Alabama, but I am doubtful about the locality. Genus SYMPHYNOTA Lea, 1829. (Type, Symphynota compressa LEA.) Symphynota LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1829, p. 424. ^Megadomns SWAIXSON, Tr. on Mai., 1840, p. 266. ? Complanaria SWAINSON, Tr. on Mai., 1840, p. 290. Shell elliptic rhomboid, compressed ; beaks low, their sculpture con- sisting of strong bars; one pseudocardinal in the right valve and two in the left, the hinder somewhat A-shaped, cutting off the hinge plate in the right valve; laterals generally imperfect. Animal with the gills semicircular below, inner ^the larger, free nearly the whole length from the abdominal sac; marsupium thick, padlike, filling the outer gills; mantle strongly attached at palleal line; branchial opening papillose; anal opening Avithout papilla 1 . Subgenus SYMPHYNOTA Lea, 1829. Shell smooth, subsolid, shiniug, rayed; teeth delicate; laterals com- pressed, moderately developed. SYMPHYNOTA COMPRESSA Lea. * Sympliynota compressa LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1829, p. 450, pi. xn, fig. 22; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 64, pi. xn, fig. 22.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag, 1835, p. 25. * Complanaria compressa CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fhila., VI, 1853, p. 261. * Microcondylaea compressa P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. * Unio compressus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68 ; * Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 71, pi. XL, fig. 1. *C. B. ADAMS, Thompson's Hist.Vt., 1842, p. 166. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 174; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pi. xx, fig. 39.* DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y.,Pt. 5, 1843, p. 191, pi. xxi, fig. 245. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 57. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 198, pi. LXIV, figs. 3, 4.* SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXI, fig. 303. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMP SOX. 663 Margarita ( Unio) compressus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1838, p. 13. * CompJanaria compressiut AGASSI/, Arch. fiir. Nat., I, 1852, p. 48. * Complaiiariaalasmodontina STIMPSOX, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. * Unio alasmodontinas P.KTEL, Couch. Sara., Ill, 1890, p. 144. * Margin-on (Cnio) pressits LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 29.' * Unio pressus H. ami A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498. * LATCIIFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club., 1882, p. 52. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. PJSTEI., Couch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * Alasmodonla pressa BAKER, Tr. Ac. N. Sci. St. L., VIII, 1898, p. 76, fig. ; Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 58, pi. vi, fig. 3 ; x, fig. 4. SYMPHYNOTA COMPRESSA var. PLEBIUS C. B. Adams * Unio compressus var. plebius C. B. ADAMS, F. W. and L. Shells of Vt., p. 16. Ohio and St. Lawrence drainage areas; west to Arkansas, north through Nebraska to Wisconsin ; Hudson River. t SYMPHYNOTA CHARLOTTENSIS Lea. * Unio charlottensis LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; *J1. Ac.'X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 8, pi. n, fig. 5; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 12, pi. n, tig. 5. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. " MaryaroH ( Unio) charJoltensis LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. Near Charlotte, Xorth Carolina. t SYMPHYNOTA VIRIDIS Conrad. I nio riridia CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 35, pi. xvn, fig. 1 ; 2 * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLV, fig. 244. "B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita (Unio) tappunianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. * Unio tappanianns LEA. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 62, pi. xvn, fig. 55; *Obs. 11,1838, p. 62, pi. xvn, tig. 55. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 236.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209, pi. xxi, tig. 38. *DnKAY, Zool.of N. Y., Pt.5, 1843, p. 194, pi. xx, fig.242. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll. ,11, 1857, p. 492. *CHEXU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xx, tigs. 2, 2, 2b. *KCSTER, Conch. Cab. Uuio, 1862, p. 270, pi. xci, fig. 3. *HAHTMAX and MICIIEXER, Conch. Test., 1874, p. 89, fig. 185. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. *Mn ( Unio) tappaniunxa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. *Unio Ifippiainis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nora., 1845, p. 64. * Wnio in/alinns LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 69, pi. n, fig. 4 ; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 43, pi. n, fig. 4.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. -192. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 204, pi. LXVIII, fig. 3.* P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. "Marganm (Unio) hyalinus LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 1 Lea changed his name compressa to pressus because the former had been used for a Unio previously by Sowerby. The restoration of the genus Symphijnota makes the earlier name of Lea valid. 2 Credited by Conrad and others to Rafinesque. The description of the latter of Unio viridis is not sufficiently clear to distinguish it from some of the other members of this genus, and the locality given is in error for the shell figured by Conrad, which belongs exclusively to the Atlantic drainage, and not to the Ohio River and Kentucky, localities given by Ratiuesque. GG4 ri;H ( I'nio) pertenulu LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 62. Streams draining into the Atlantic from New York south to North Carolina; Monroe County, Michigan! tSYMPHYNOTA DECORATA Lea. I'nio decora! i< LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 257, pi. xin, fig.6; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 13, pi. xin, fig. 6.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 11,1857, p. 498. *goWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xci, fig. 496. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.KTKI., Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * Margaron (Unio) decoratus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 29. *t Unio insolidw LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 40, pi. xin, fig. 37; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 44, pi. xm, fig. 37.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Virginia to South Carolina. t SYMPHYNOTA NEGLECTA Lea. Unio tieglecins LEA, Desc. 12 Uniones, 1843; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846, p. 280, pi. XLII, fig. 10; *Obs.,IV, 1848, p. 88, pi. XLII, fig. 10. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 22.">, pi. LXXVI, fig. 4. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. Margaron ( I'nio) neglectiia LEA. Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. Northern Alabama. t SYMPHYNOTA QUADRATA Lea. s Margariiana quadrala LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 41; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1862, p. 210, pi. xxxn, fig. 279; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 32, pi. xxxn, fig. 279. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. '* Margaron (Margariiana) quadrata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. Murgariiana (Alaxmodonta) quadrata CI.ESSIN, Couch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 273, pi. LXXXIII, figs. 5. 6. Eastern Tennessee. Subgenus LASMIGONA Bafinesque, 1831. (Type, Alasmidonta coxtala Rafinesqne.) 1 Shell subrhomboid, compressed, corrugated behind; beaks low, their sculpture consisting of several coarse ridges which generally fall into two slight loops, aud often with radiating ridges in front and behind; epidermis shining; laterals partly developed, consisting of blurred ridges which slope diagonally downward and backward on the hinge plate; cavities of the beaks shallow; dorsal scars faint, irregular. 1 The description of Alasmidonta costata of Rafiuesqne so clearly covers the species described three years later as Alasmodonta rugosa by Barnes that the former name innst be usecf. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 665 Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills, very thick, like that of Anodonta; inner gills free all or the greater part of their length from the abdominal sac; branchial opening papillose; 1 opening generally smooth or only slightly creuulate. tSYMPHYNOTA COSTATA Rafinesque. Alasmidonla costata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 313, pi. LXXXII, figs. 15, 16. ^ Alasmodonta costata SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * COXRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72. *FEUt;ssAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25 "Complanaria costata COXRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853. p. 261. * Alasmodonta ruf/osa BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 278, pi. xm, fig. 21. SHORT and EATOX, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 81. * C. B. ADAMS, Thompson's Hist, of Vt., 1842, p. 165. * BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 57, pl.vn, tigs. 1, 2; vin, figs. 3, 4. * Mya rugosa EATOX, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 222. * Margarita (Margaritana) rugosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 44 ; 1838, p. 27. * Unio rugosa HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211, pi. xxi, fig. 8. *Alasmodon rugosa DE KAY, Zool. N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 196, pi. xiv, fig. 226. *Complanaria rugosa STIMPSOX, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. Margaron (Margaritana) rugosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870, p. 67. * Baplria rugosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500. * Margaritana rugosa CALKIXS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 46. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * Lasmigona rugosnm RAFIXESQUE, Cont. Mon., Og,, 1831, p. 5. * Unio rugosus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1815, p. 63. KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 200, pi. LXVI, figs. 1-3. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LX, fig. 302. Alasmodonta hians FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. Mississippi drainage generally; St. Lawrence basin ; Manitoba; Hud- son liiverf; Columbus, Mississippi. Texas?. Subgenus PTEROSYGNA Eafinesque, 1831. (Type, Alasmodonta complanala Barnes.) Shell large, ovate-rhomboid, inflated in post basal region ; beaks much compressed, their sculpture sharply and strongly doubly looped; epi- dermis dark, scarcely rayed; teeth very heavy. Animal with an extremely thick marsupium; palpi large; mantle with small crenulatious on lower border; branchial opening large; anal open- ing small, both slightly papillose. tSYMPHYNOTA COMPLANATA Barnes. * Alasmodonta complanata BARXES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 278, pi. xm, fig. 21. "HII.DRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 289. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.* SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.* BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 60, pi. vin, figs. 1, 2 ; ix, figs. 1-4. k My a complanata EATOX, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 222. *Symphynota complanata LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1830, p. 448. * SHORT and EATOX, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 80. * LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 62. FERUSSAC, Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ^Margarita (Margaritana) compJanata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 43; 1838, p. 26. *rio complanata HANI.KY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 210; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 210, pi. xxi, fig. 9. *Complanaria complanata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Pbila., VI, 1853, p. 261. "Sophia compJanata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500. Margaratina complanata CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1874, p. 46. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890. p. 172. "Alasmodmi complaj^atus SOWERBY, Couch. Mau., 1842, p. 61, fig. 140. * CATI.ONV and REEVE, Conch. Noin., 1845, p. 57. * KUSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 199, pi. i.xv, fig. 1.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. L, fig. 266. Complanaria yiyas 8 >WERBY, Couch. Man., 1839, fig. 141, * ; 1842, p. 115, tig. 141. *? Megadomus ijigas SWAINSOX, Tr. on Mai,, 1840, pp. 2l>5. 37S. fSYMPHYNOTA COMPLANATA var. KATHERIN^E Lea. Unio katherina' LEA, Syn., 1838, p. '35 ; l Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p. 143.* TRO- SCHEL, Arch, fiir Nat., V, 1839, II, p. 237. Upper Mississippi drainage, as far south as Arkansas on the west; Ohio River system; upper St. Lawrence and its tributaries; north into the Mackenzie River. Genus ALASMIDONTA Say, 1818. (Type, Monodonta undulata Say.)* Monodonta SAY, Nich. Enc., II, 1816. Alasmidonta SAY, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1818, p. 459. Alasmodonta SAY, Nich. Enc., 3d ed., IV, 1819. Alasmodon SWAINSON, Tr. on Mai., 1840, p. 382. Uniopsis SWAINSON, Tr. on Mai., 1840, p. 382. Shell generally rhomboid, inflated, with a well -developed posterior ridge, which ends in a point behind when it is single or a biaiigulation when double; beaks full and high, with coarse, concentric or slightly doubly looped bars; epidermis rayed, shining; hinge with two pseudo- cardinals in. the left valve and one in the right; laterals wanting or imperfect; cavity of the beaks deep; dorsal scars under the hinge plate; nacre bluish. Animal with the inarsupium occupying the entire outer gills; gills rounded below, inner much the larger, united to the abdominal sac, or free; mantle generally having square spots on the posterior border; branchial opening papillose; anal opening smooth or creuulate. Subgenus ALASMIDONTA Say, 1818. (Type, Monodonta undulata Say.) Shell ovate rhomboid, solid, inflated, shining, with' very strong, gen- erally concentric beak sculpture; pseudocardinals solid, stumpy, some 1 This is probably the small, peculiar boreal form of this species, which appears very different from the type. -Changed by Say afterwards to Alasmidonta undulata as the name Monodonta was preoccupied. For some reason Say later on called his genus Alasmodonta. NO. 1205. syyoi'sis or THE \AiAi>KStnirt<>\. 667 what radiately ridged ; laterals short, very imperfect, or wanting ;; beak cavities deep, compressed. Animal with inner gills wider than the outer throughout ; palpi long; inarsupium loose and flabby, and having ova scattered throughout it in the only gravid specimen seen. t ALASMIDONTA UNDULATA Say. Monodonia undulata SAY, Nich. Enc., 1816, pi. in, fig. 3. * Alasmidonta undulata SAY, Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1818, p. 460. Alasmodonta undulata SAY, Nich. Enc., IV, 1819, pi. in, fig. 3. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73. * FERCSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. *C. B. ADAMS, F. W. ami L. S. of Vt., 1842, p. 15. ^Alasmodon undulata SWAINSOX, Tr. ou Mai., 1840, p. 288, fig. 61. *GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 115, fig. 76. *D KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 198, pi. xv, fig. 227. ^Margarita (Margarltana) undulata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 44; 1838, p. 27. " Unio undulata HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211. * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211. M. 472. I'nio RET/ITS, part, Diss. Hist. Nov. Test. Gen., 1788, p. 16. I'nio OKKN, Lehrbuch der Nat., 1815, p. 236. Maryaritana SCHUMACHER, Essai Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 137. />w7i.s (LEACH manuscript) GRAY, Pr. Zool.Soc. Lond., 1817, p. l!Hi. II. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499.' Shell elongated, usually arcuate, rounded in front, almost lacking a posterior ridge; beaks rather low, the sculpture consisting of a few coarse, parallel ridges, which follow the growth lines; epidermis con- centrically striate, brownish or blackish; hinge teeth generally imper- fect or not fully developed; two more or less perfect pseudocardinals in the left valve, and one in the right, often reduced to mere tubercles; behind these the hinge plate is narrow and rounded for some distance; laterals short, usually imperfect or wholly wanting; cavity of the beaks rather shallow; muscle scars large, those of the anterior roughened, posterior elliptical; nacre generally more or less covered inside the pal- leal line with small muscle scars. Animal with very long gills, inner wider in front, free for the greater part of their length from the abdominal sac, the two pairs united to their posterior ends, which project backward for some distance unconnected with the mantle; palpi very large, falcate, united half way posteriorly ; branchial opening having crowded, often arborescent papilla* arranged in folds; anal opening smooth or crenulate; superanal opening not closed below; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills.- Foot and abdomen small ; whole animal dark colored. fMARGARITANA MARGARITIFERA Linnaeus. Mya margarilifera LISTER, Hist. Auiru. Aug. App., 1685, pi. i, fig. 1. Hist. Conch., 1685, pi. CXLIX, fig. 4. -* LINN.KUS, Systema. Nat., 10th od., I, 1758, p. 671. * DA COSTA, Hist. Nat. Brit., 1778, p. 225, pi. xv, fig. 33. ( i.M KLIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1792, p. 3219. '* LINN.K rs, Fauna Suecica, 1761, p. 2130. KNORR, Vergn., IV, 1769, pi. xxv, fig. 2. *MI'LLER, Vermes, 1774, p. 210. PENNANT, Brit. Zool., IV, 1777, pi. XLIII, fig. 18. * DA COSTA, Hist. Nat. Brit., 1778, p. 225, pi. xv, fig. 3. k SC.HROTER, Fluss Conch., 1779, p. 168, pi. iv, fig. 1. *BORN, Test. Mus. Viiid., 1780, p. 21. * SCHROTER(Ein. Conch., 1783, II, p. 606. * DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, III, 1801, pi. LXXIII. * MONTAGU, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 33. *TrjRTON, Brit. Fauna, 1807, p. 146. * MATON and I The name Bapliia- Meuschen has precedence, but was never described ; it was applied to a miscellaneous lot of bivalves, and is in the plural number. Retzius' first species in I'nio, the type of a section without laterals, is the I'. maryaritifer, but in 1792 Brugniere in Choix de Me"moires, I, p. 106, fully and carefully redefined the genus Unio, restricting it to species with cardinal and lateral teeth. -According to VanWahl. I have examined a great many animals taken at different seasons, but have never seen one; gravid. II Refers to Conchylien Cabinet VI, pi. i, fig. 5, which is the form we know as Mar- garilanu maryaritifera. SYNOPSIS OF THE XAI.IDESSIM1'S(L\. 675 RACKKTT, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807. p. 40.* WOOD, Gen. Couch., I, 1815, p. 107, pi. xxiii, tigs. 1-3. *DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p. 52. "TuirroN, Conch. Diet., 1819, p. 106.* BINGLKY, Fseful Knowledge, III, 1825, p. 245. WOOD, Index Test., 1825, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 30. * EATON, Zool. Text-Hook, 1826, p. 216.* WAAUDEXBERG, Coin. Hist. Nat. Anim., 1827, p. 360. CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., 1, 1845,p. 57, pi. xx, figs. 1, 2. * HANLEY, Ipsa. Linn. Conch., 1855, p. 460. *HANLEY (Wooo), Ind. Test., 3d ed., 1856, p. 16, pi. n, fig. 30. JbTj/amarv/arift/eratestaovalioblonga, etc. * MOLLER, Zool. Danicu-, 1776, p. 245. * CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., VI, 1782, p. 15, pi. i, fig. 5. * Baphia- margaritifera MKUSCHEN, Mns. Gevers, 1787, p. 472. * Unio margaritifera DRAPARNAUD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 107; Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 132, pi. x, figs. 17-19; pi. xi, fig.5.? 1 * GAERTNER, Vers. Syst., 1813, p. 37. *OKEN, Lehrbuch, 1815, p. 238. "CuviER, Rogno Animal, II, 1817, p. 473. "C.PFEIFFER, Nat. Deutsch. Land und Suss. Moll., 1821, Pt. 1, p. 115, pi. v, fig. 11. *Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., Ill, 1824, p. 139. *GRAS, Moll. I8.~;re. Ap., 1840, p. 22.* FRIELE, Norske L. Fersk Moll., 1853, p. 53. * Margarita na margaritifera SCHUMACHER, Essai. Nouv. Syst., I, 1817, p. 124, pi. x, tig. 4. *MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 114. * SCHOLZ, Schleis L. and W.Moll., 1843, p. 135. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., XIII, Pt. 1, 1847, p. 270; vi, fig. 1. ' MOQUIN-TANDOX, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1855, p. 623, pi. xxn, figs. 14-16. v VON WAHL, Arch, fiir die Nat. Kunde Liv., 2d ser., I, 1855, p. 118. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 293, pi. xxxvm; xxxix, figs. 2-4. *CHEN*TT, Manual, 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 710. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Sw Nor. and Den., 1873, p. 577. * HARTMAN and MICIIENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 91, fig. 189.* CLESSIN, Deutsch. Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 449, fig. 293.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. * STEARNS, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 105. *LOCARD, Coq. de France, 1893, p. 149. * VON IHERING, Abh. Senok. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 155. * WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897. p. 166. * Alaxmodonta maryaritifera CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72. FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * Margarita (Margaritana) maryaritifera LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 45 ; 1838, p. 28. *Maryaron (Margaritana) maryaritifera LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 69. * Baphia maryaritifcra H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499, III, pi. cxvii, figs. 2, 2. * Unio maryaritiferus RET/IUS, Dis. S. Hist. Nat., 1788, p. 16. * SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., Ill, 1793, p. 52.* TURTON, Couch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 241, pi. xvi, fig. 1. * NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 103. ^TURTON, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1831, p. 19, fig. 9. M ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 15.* HAN- LEY,Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213 ; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 60.* FORBES and HANLEY, Hist. Brit. Moll., II, 1853, p. 146, pi. xxxvm.* SOWERBY, 111. Ind. Brit. Shells, 1859. pi. vn, No. 1. *TATE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1866, pi. in, fig. 15. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIV, fig. 325. * Alasmodon margaritifenis BROWN, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836. p. 112, pi. xxi, fig. 13, pi. xxn, figs. 1-3. * THOMPSON, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1840, p. 197. * BROWN, 111. Recent Conch., 1844, p. 83, pis. xxx, figs. 1-4; xxxi, figs. 1, 2; xxxn, figs. 13-15. * TURTON, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1857, p. 277, pi. n, fig. 9. * Margaritana margaritifcrus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 184. * Alasmodon maryaritiferum FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Moll., 1828, p. 417. * Unio maryaritifer var. minor ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Pt. 2, 1835, p. 19, pi. ix, fig. 129. 'The figures on pi. x are of Linnauis's species; that on pi. xi may be Unio batavus Lamarck. 676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * Unio margaritifir KTSTKK, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 130, pis. xxxviu, xxxix. * MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr, et Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 56(3, pi. xi.vn. * NOR- DEXSKIOLD and NYLANDEU, Fiu. Moll., 1856, p. 86, pi. vi, h'g. 74. "DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 57, pi. i. * HESSLING, Perl, untl Hire Perlon, 1859, p. 86, pi. i.* JEFFREYS, Brit. Couch., I, 1862, p. 37.* RKKVE, L. and F. \V. Moll. Brit,, 1863, p. 223, fig. 3. *L. ADAMS, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 19, pi. i, fig. 12. 1'nio (Martjaritami) margaritifer SCHRENCK, Reis. uiul F. im Amur-Lande, II, 1867? p. 700. I'nio aiir'n-itlnrinx SI>EN<;LER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., Ill, 1793. p. 44. * Unio elongala LAMARCK, Ann. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 70.' STARK, Nat. Hist., II ( 1828, p. 90. GRAS, Moll. Isere Ap., 1840, p. 22. PUTON, Moll. Vosges., 1847, p. 72. l>amari eloinjata LEACH, Syu. Moll. (it. Brit., 1852, p. 322. Mttrijdrltanti ciongata WKSTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 185. " LOCARD, ( 'oq. de Fr., 1893, p. 149, fig. 162. * Unio eloiigatns NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 106. * SOWERIJY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXVI, fig. 397.* P.KTKL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * Alasmodonta arcuata BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 277, pi. xn, fig. 20.* C. B. ADAMS, Thompson's Hist, of Vermont, 1842, p. 165, figured; ' F. W. and L. S. ofVt., 1842, p. 165, figured. * HESSLING, Die. Perl, and Ihre Perlen, 1859, p. 205. " My a arcuata KATOX, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 222. * Alasmodon arcuata GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 113, fig. 75. * DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 197, pi. xiv, fig. 224.* MIGUELS, Bost. Jl. N. Hist., 1844, p. 325. Mtiri/tiritaiui aranala STIMI-SON, Shells of N. Kng., 1851, p. 15. ' KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 293, pi. xxxix, fig. 1. * CONRAD, Pr.Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.., VI, 1853, p. 262. v GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 174, tig. 477. *P.KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. *H. CARPENTER, Naut., IV, 1890, p. 35. * Unio xinuata C. PFEIFFER, Nat. Deutsch. L. und S. W. Moll., Pt. 2, 1825, p. 33, pi. vn, fig. 4. / nio roissyi MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll., Fr., 1831, p. 112, pi. xvi, fig. 28. * GRAS, Moll. Isere Ap., 1840, p. 22. * Margaritana roissyi WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 186. * LOCARD, Coq de France, 1893, p. 150. *Unio tristis MORELET, Moll. Portugal, 1845, p. 107, pi. xm, fig. 2.- * Margarita (Unio) crassisslmtis LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 40; 1838, p. 26. 3 *Unio (Alasmodonta) dahuriciis MIDDENDORKF, Bull. Phys. Math. Ac. St. Petersb., IX, 1850, p.?; * Sib. Reise, II, 1851, p. 275, pi. xxvi, figs, 3-5. "f/wiorfa/iKricHsMiDDENDORFF, L. and S. Moll. Sib., 1859, p 26. * HESSLING, Perl, und Ihre Perlen, 1859, p. 202. * WESTERLUND, Kong. Sv. Vet. Ak. Hand., XIV, No. 12, p. 74. * Unio (Margaritana) dahuricus SCHRENCK, Reis. und Forsh. Amur-Lande, II, 1867, p. 699. * Margaritana dahurica KOBELT, Abh. Senck, Nat. Ges., XI, 1875, p. 427. * KOBELT, Faun. Jap. Ext., 1879, p. 143, pi. xm, tigs. 1, 2. * MIDDENDORFF, Kong. Svensk. Vetens. Ak. Handl., XIV, No. 12, p. 110. P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p, 187. 'Lamarck thinks this may be the Mya margaritifera of Linnauis; Lea is certain that it is. 2 The figure looks like an elongated batarus, but Morelet afterwards acknowledged that his shell was probaly a young margaritifera. 3 The naked name crassissima was first applied to this by Klein, Method! Ostraco- logica-, 1753, p. 128, pi. x. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 677 t Alannwdon falcata GOI:M>, Pr. Boston Sue. Nat. Hist., Ill, 1850, p. 294; * Otia Conch., 1X112, n. 87;'' U. S. Expl. Exp., XII, 1852, p. 438, figs. 545, 545a, 515ft. CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 2<>2. P.KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. *Uniofalcatits SOWERHY, Conch. Icou., XVI, 1868, pi. i,xxv, tig. 390. * I'nlo ( Alasmodonta) complanatns MIDDENDORKK, Sib. Reise, 11,1851, Pt. 1, p. 273, pi. xxvii, figs. 1-6.- *Mary9: 1870, p. 62.' * Unio auriculariua Si-KXtii.Ki:, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., Ill, 1792, p. 54. WESTKK- LUND, Faim. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 50. Unio rugusa POIKKT, Coq. Flnv.,et Terr, do 1'Aisne, 1801, p. !().">.- * Unio sinuata LAMARCK, Au. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 70. :! BLAINVII.LK, Man., 1825, p. o39, pi. LXVII, fig. 3. * DESHAYES, Enc. M, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. DESHAYKS, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 553; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 674. *CnKNr, Bib. Couch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 1. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 61. * Alasmodonta monodonta FERUSSAC, Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * Margaritana monodonta CONHAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila. VI, Ifc53, p. 262. * Unio monodontus SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 210; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 210, pi. xxm, fig. 48.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen., Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. *KUSTKR, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 221, pi. LXXV, fig. 1. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. * Margarita ( Unio) monodontits LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 40; 1838, p. 26. * Margaron ( Unio) monodontus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. * Unio soleniformis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., LV, 1831, p. 87, pi. x, fig. 17; *Obs., I,'1834, p. 97, pi. x, fig. 17. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xiv, tigs. 4, 4a, 4fr; * Manual, II, 1859, p. 137, fig. 661. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLV, fig. 243. * Margaritana soleniformis P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. Ohio; Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; Illinois; eastern Iowa; Nebraska!. t MARGARITANA DECUMBENS Lea. * Unio decitmbens LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p: 40.* LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 87. pi. xil, tig. 236. * LEA, Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 91, pl.xii, tig. 236. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXII, iig. 432. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) decnmbens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 62. Alabama. Genus UNIO Retzius, 1788. l (Type, Unio tnmidits Retzius.) Unio RETZIUS, Diss. Hist. Nov. Test. Gen., 1788, p. 16. BitUGUiERic, Choix de Memoirs, 1, 1792, p. 106. Limnwa POLI (part), Test. Utr. Sic., 1, 1791, p. 31. Lymnium OKEN, Lehrbuch, 1815, p. 237. Elliptio RAFINESQUE, Jl.de Phys. Nat. Hist., 1819, p. 426. Mysca TURTON, Couch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 243. 'This genus was described in a thesis by Laurentius Miinter Philipsson under his master, Ret/ins, in the University of Lund, Sweden, and it is often credited to the former. I am informed by Professor Job. Chr. Moberg, of Lund, that by a former law or custom of the university the professor was considered the author of all papers which a student under him defended. According to this, Ret/ins must be credited with the genus. This law was repealed in Lund in 1852. 680 VlUH-KKDiydS OF Till: XATIO.\.U, M I'SEUM. Canthyria SWAINSON, 'I'r. on Mai., 1810, p. 27X. H* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, lN r >S, p. 268. Shell inequilateral, oval to elongated, rounded in front and pointed or biaugulate behind, with a more or less developed posterior ridge, often becoming slightly arcuate when old; beaks only moderately full, generally sculptured with coarse ridges, which run parallel with the growth lines, or are somewhat doubly looped, sometimes broken and showing flue radiating lines behind ; surface smooth, slightly concentric- ally ridged or pustulous ; epidermis generally rather dull colored, rayless or feebly rayed; hinge plate narrow; two pseudocardinals and two lat- erals in the left valve and one pseudocardiual and one lateral iu the right, with rarely a vestige of a second lateral; cavity of the beaks not deep or compressed. Animal having the iniier branchiae free from the abdominal sac for from one-half to their entire length; marsnpiuin occupying the whole length of the outer gills only, forming a thick, smooth pad when filled with young; gills united to the mantle behind to their extreme points, or very nearly so ; papilla; on branchial and anal openings unbrauched; superanal opening always closed below. Section IYMNIUM Oken, 1815. (Type, Unio pictorum Retzius.) Shell generally smooth; beak sculpture broken, often somewhat cor- rugated or pustulous; pseudocardinals compressed; beak cavities well excavated, not compressed. Animal highly colored, anal opening crenu- late or smooth. (Group of Unio pictorum.} Shell inflated, elongate, oval, anterior end angled above, swollen a little at posterior base; beaks full, their sculpture consisting of numer- ous slightly doubly looped bars which often become pustulous; paste, rior ridge rather low; epidermis smooth, rather bright, sometimes slightly rayed behind; rest periods well marked ; pseudocardinals com- pressed, often a little reflexed, smooth below, those of the left valve partly united; muscle scars smooth; nacre whitish to salmon. Animal the same as described for the section. tUNIO PICTORUM Linnaeus. 1 * Mya pictorum LINN/EUS, Syst. Naturaj, 10th ed., 1758, I, p. 671; Faim. Suec., 1761, No. 2129. *MiiLLER, Venues, 1774, p. 211. PENNANT, Brit. Zool., IV, 1777? pi. XLIII, fig. 17. *DA COSTA, Hist. Nat. Brit., 1778, p. 228, pi. xv, fig. 4. ^SCHHOTER, Flusscouch., 1779, p. 178, pi. in, figs. 2, 4, 5.* BORN, Test. Mus. Vind., 1780, p. 20. *SCHROTEK, Ein. Conch., 1783, II, p. 604, *OLivi, Zool. Adriatic, 1792, p. 95. STURM, Deuts. Faun., VI, 1803, 2d ed, p. 19, pis. a, b, c.* MONTAGU, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 36. ; TURTON, Brit. Fauna, 'Hanley says [Ipse Linntui Couchylia, p. 27] : "More Uniones than one are pres- ent in the [Linuaum] collection, but upon the whole the U. pictorum of authors [Rossui. Icon., tig. 196] agrees best with synonymy and description. The figure referred to of Libter is U. pictorum; Bonanni's drawing is more doubtful and was possibly meant for I', tiimidiis. The descriptions in Fauna Suecica and Systema are brief and unsatisfactory and might suit either species alike." NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF TffE NAIADES SIMPSON. 681 1807, ]>. Mli. 'MATox and KACKETT, Tr. Liuu. Sor. Loud.. VIII, 1807, p. 38. WOOD, Grn. Concb., 1.1815, p. 104, pi. xix, 'figs. 3, 4. ' DILI.WYN, Cut., I, 1817, j. 4!!. "Trio-ox, Conch. Diet., 1819, p. 106. ' WOOD, Index .Teat., 1825, p. 12, pi. n, i\g. 26c; "rev. ed., 1856, p. 15, pi. n, tig. 26. *?CHEXU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., I, 1845, p. 114, pi. xi.vn, tigs. 8, 9.' *HAXLKY, Ipsa. Liuu. Conch., 1855, p. 460. * Unio plclorum RKTZIUS, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 17. *SPEXGLER, Skriv. Selsk- Nat., Ill, 1793, p. 59. ' DRAI-ARNAUD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 106; in part Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 131, pi. xi, rig. 4.- *GAERTXKU, \'ers. Ein. Syst., 1813, p. 36. 'MILLET, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813, p. 74. * BIIAKD, Hist. Coq. Paris, 1815, p. 226, pi. vm, fig. 1. BROOKES, Int. to Conch., 1815, p. 51, pi. n, fig. 12. *CuviER, Ri-gne Animal, II, 1817, p. 473. *KLEES, Dis.s. Test., 1818, p. 45. * LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 77. *C. PFEIFFER, L. and Snss. Moll., Pt. 1, 1821, p. 115, pi. v, figs. 9, 20. * NILS- SOX, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 111. * Bosc., Hist. Nut. Co<|., Ill, 1824, p. 139, pi. xxin, fig. 3. * BLAINVILLE, Manual, Mai., 1825, p. 539, pi. LXVII, fig. 2. *CROUCH, 111. Int. Lamarck, 1827, p. 16, pi. ix, figs. 4, 4a, 46. * WAAUUEXBKKG, Com. Hist. Nat., 1827, p. 36. *KLEEBEUG, Moll. Boruss, 1828, p. 38. STARK, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 90. * FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Animals, 1828, p. 416. *GOUPIL, Hist. Moll. Sarthe, 1835, p. 84. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., I, 1835, p. 118, pi. in, figs. 71, 71a,716; III, 1836, p. 23, pi. xin, fig. 196; VI, 1837, p. 55, pi. xxix, fig. 409; IX, 1839, p. 10, pi. XLV, fig. 587-590; XI, 1842, p. 14, pi. LV, fig. 741; XII, 1844, p. 30, pi. LVIII, figs. 762-766; p. 31, pi. ox, tigs. 767-769. *Fo0RNEL, Faun. Moselle, I, 1836, p. 486. " FLEMING, Moll. Animals, 1837, pi. xiv, fig. 51.* WYATT, Man. Concb., 1838, p. 67, pi. vnr, fig. 6.* PORRO, Mai. Como., 1838, p. 117.' TERVER, Moll. Terr, et Fluv., 1839, p. 39. ANTON, Ver/.-der Concb., 1839, p. 15.* ? GRAS, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 71, pi. i, fig. 8. 3 *HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 205; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205. *SCHOL/, Scbleis, L. and .W. Moll., 1843, p. 127. *CATLOW and REEVE, Couch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. "STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 60, pi. in, fig. 73. * MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 108." BROWN, L. and F. W. Couch., 1845, p. 107, pi. xix, figs. 1-4. * PUTON, Moll.Vosges, 1847, p. 70. *STEIX, DieLebend. Schneck., 1850, p. 104, pis. xxiv, xxv, figs. 1, 2. *MIDDEXDORFF, Sib. Reise, II, 1851, p. 276, pi. xxvni, Jigs. 1-3. * LEACH, Syn. Moll. Gt. Brit., 1852, p. 234. -DUPUY, Hist. M. Fr., 1852, p. 647, pi. xxvi, fig. 20. * FORBES and HANLEY, Hist. Brit. Moll., II, 1853, p. 142, pi. xxxix, fig. 1. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854. p. 88, pi. xxin, figs. 1, 2; pi. xxiv; xxv, figs. 1, 2. MOQUIN-TAXDON, Moll. Terr. Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 576, pi. L, figs, 8, 10; LI, figs. 1, 10. 'vox WAHL, Arch. Natnrk. Liv. Est., 2d ser., 1855, p. 105. "NORDENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 83, pi. V, fig. 72. *DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 103, pi. vm. * TUUTON, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1857, p. 279, pi. 11, fig. 11. *H. aud A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491; III, pi. cxvi, figs. 5, 5, 56. * SOWERBY, 111. Index Brit. Sbells, 1859, No. 2, pi. vii. * GOODRICH, 111. Nat. Hist., II, 1859, p. 523, fig. JEFFREYS, Brit. Couch., I, 1862, p. 34. *BIELZ, Fauu. Sieben, 1863, p. 192. RKKVE, L.' and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1863, p. 221, fig. 2. * TATE, L. and F. W. Moll. <;. Brit., 1866, pi. n, fig. 3. * fSciiRENCK, Reise nud F. iin Am. Laude, II, 1867, p. 696^ * KOBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 241. * WESIER. 1 if', batavux perhaps. 'Draparnand gives figures 1-4 for pictorum. One and 2 may possibly be that spe- cies, but they look more like batarus, and 3 is certainly balantx, while 4 is probably ptctorum. :i Doubtful, may be batanix. 4 It is very probable that the specimens from Amur Land and vicinity which have been referred to ('. pictoriiin, are a smooth variety of Nodtilaria douglasia' Gray, a species resembling it in form, but not at all closely related to it. 682 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL .l/TNAV.l/. TO-.XXII. I. I'M). Fan ii. S. N. ami I)., 1*73. p. ~>7I. *LKIIM.\N, Die Sclinecken, 1873, p. 2!IO. ' CI.ESSIN, Dontsclie Kx. Moll., 1876, p. 453, fig. 2!M. '.JORDAN, Jahrb. Dents. Mai. Ges.,VI, 1879, p. 301. * DKOI:ET, Mem. A cad. Dijon, \'II, 1882, p. 10 (reprint). *L. ADAMS, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 18, pi. I, fig. 11. * f CLESSIN, Moll. Oest,, 1887, p. 723. P.KTKI., Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Baphiw plctorum MEUSCHEN, Mus. Gevers., 1787, p. 472. * Lymnium pirlontm OKEN, Lehrb., 181.1, p. 237 * Afysca pictorum TURTON, Condi. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 245; * Man. L. and F. W. Shells, Brit. Is., 1831, p. 20, fig. 11. * Margarita ( Unio) pictorum LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 36; 1838, p. 24. * Margaron (Unio) pictorum LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 58. * Mtja auyuata subflava, etc., SCHROTKR, Fluss. Concb., 1779, p. 184, pi. m, fig. 3; pi. iv, fig. 6. * My a nodosa GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13tb ed., 1788, p. 3222.'" WOOD, Gen. Couch., I, 1815, p. 110.* DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p. 54. WOOD, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 34a; * rev. ed., 1856, p. 16, pi. n, fig. 34.* P.KTKI., Concb. Sam., III. 1890, p. 161. * f Unio conns SPBNGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., Ill, 1793, p. 60. * Mya ovalis DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, III, 1801, pi. LXXXIX. * TURTON, Brit. Fauna, 1807, p. 146. * ? Unio oralis SOWERBY, Eec. and Foss. Shells, No. XVI, 1823, fig . * ? REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 117, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 1. * CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., I, 1845, p. 67, pi. xxiv, figs. 1-3.* P.KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * Mi/a nodulosa WOOD (part), Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 106, pi. xxn, figs. 3, 4.- * Unio tiodulosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78. * Unio roslrala LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 77. (J. PFEIKFER, Nat. Dents. L. and Suss. Moll., Pt. 1, 1821, p. 114, pi. v, fig. 8. WAARDEXBKRG, Com. Hist. Nat. Animalium, 1827, p. 36.* LAMARCK, Enc. M^th., II, 1830, p. 586. "MiciJAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 108, pi. xvi, fig. 2.1. * BROWN, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 109, pi. xx, figs. 1, 2; "111. Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 82, pi. xxxn, figs. 9-12.* PUTON, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 70. * GRAS, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 71, pi. v, fig. 21. *Unio restrains CHENU, Man., II, 1859, p. 137, fig. 658. *WKSTERLUND, Faun, der Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 104. *P.KTKL, Concb. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. *LOCAUD, LesCoq. de Fr., 1893, p. 207. WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 165. * Unio manca LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80. *l'nio mancus DROUET, Moll. Cote d'Or, 1867, p. 103. * WKSTEKLUND, Faun, der Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 85. * Unio limosus NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 110. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 24, pi. XIII, fig. 199.* KUSTER, Concb. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 80, pis. xxi, xxn, xxni. * P.KTKI., Concb. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * WKSTKUIJ-ND, Fann. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 115. *LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 211. * WESTER- LUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 166. * Unio dcsliayesii MICHAUD, Coinp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 107, pi. xvi, fig. 30. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 23, pi. xin, fig. 197. *GRAS, Moll. Isere. App., 1840, p. 21. "BROWN, 111. Rec. Concb., 1844, p. 81, pi. xxxn, ligs. 1-4; L. and F. W. Conch., 1845, p. 108, pi. xx, figs. 3,4. * LOCAKD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 210. *Unio duMus FITZINCER, Syst. Verz., 1833, p. 119. * Unio micliaiidiana DKS MOULINS, Actes Soc. Linn. Bord., VI, 1833, p. 27, plate. *Unio Iongiro8tri8, ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 26, pi. xiv, fig. 200; XI, 1842, __ j 1 Giueliu refers to Couch. Cabinet X, p. 347, pi. CLXX, fig. 1650, which is, I am quite certain, a young U. pictorum. 2 Two species ai-e figured; figs. 1 and 2 are a heavy, inflated Chinese species; ligs. 3 aud 4 are no doubt pictorum. 50,1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 683 p. 13, pi. LI v, fig. 738. *STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 60. *DROUET, Mem. Ac. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 11 (reprint). *WESTERLUND, Fauu. tier Pal., II, Pt. 7,1890, p. 117. "P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. *LOCARI>, Coq. do Fr., 1893, p. 209. *Potamida sicula SWAINSON, Treatise on Mai., 1840, p. 282, fig. 58. (nio siculits HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 383, pi. xx, fig. 19. *P.*:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * I 'nio aradw PHILIPPI, Enum. Moll. Sic., Ill, 1844, p. 49.' KUSTER, Couch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 105, pi. xxvin, fig. 6. *KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 62, pi. cxvu, figs. 1146, 1147. *DROUET, .11. tie Conch., XXIX, 1881, p. 25. * Unio dactylus MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 110, pi. xiv, fig. 2. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 111.* KOBELT, Icon., new, sen, VI, 1893, p. 98, pl.cxxx, fig. 1132. * Uniomucidus MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 111.* KOBELT, Icon., new. ser., VI, 1893, p. 98, pi. CLXXX, figs. 1130, 1131. *P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. 'WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 111. *U>iio qninqueannulatus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Uuio, 1854, p. 93, pi. xxv, figs. 3, 4. *P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. * Unio pallens KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 95, pi. xxv, lig. 5; xxvr, fig. 1. 'Unio viridijlarus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 96, pi. xxvi, figs. 2, 3. "P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. I'nio petrocichii KITSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 98, pi. xxvi, fig. 5; xxvn, fig. 1. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Unio maltzani KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 106, pi. xxix, figs. 1, 2. *P;ETEL, Couch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 158. *Unio baletonicus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 231, pi. LXXVIII, fig. 1. * SERVAIN, Hist. Mai. Bal., 1881, p. 98. I'nio proechtts BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., XIV, 1862, pi. xix, figs. 1-3; XV, 1863, p. 19, xix. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 118. *Unio actephilits BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., XIV, 1862, pi. xix, figs. 7, 8, xx, fig. 3; XV, 1863, p. 20. "I'nio lawleyanus GENTILUOMO, Bull. Mai. Ital., I, 1868, p. 54, pi. iv, figs. 1-3. Europe generally; Siberia east to the Lena River and perhaps farther; south into Asia Minor!; Algiers'?. fUNIO PLATYRHYNCHUS Rossmassler. * Unio plat yrhynchus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., II, 1835, p. 22, pi. ix, fig. 130; V, 1837, p. 20, pi. xxiv, fig. 338. *PORRO, Mai. Como, 1838, p. 117. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 205 ; * Biv. Shells., 1843, p. 205, pi. xxm, fig. 53." CATLOW and REEVE, Couch. Norn., 1845, p. 62. * KUSTEI:, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 77, pis. xix, xx. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1856, pi. xxx, fig. 154. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. v P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 118. * Margarita ( I'nio) platyrlnjnchus LEA, Syn., 1836. p. 35; 1838, p. 24. * Hargaron ( Unio) platyrhynclius LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 58. * ('nio fiscallianus KLECIACH, Atti. Soc. Ital., XV, 1872, p. 92. *PFEIKKER and KOBBLT, Mai. Blatt., XX, 1873, p. 9J, fig. I'nio limosKs * KOBELT, Icon., new ser., VI, 1893, p. 44, pi. CLVII, figs. 1024-1027. ' Central and southwestern Europe. 'According to Kobelt in above reference, his^Za/^rfti/Hc/ts = the limosiis of Nilsson. Nilsson does not figure his species in Hist. Moll. Svec., but refers to pi. v, fig. 10, in Pfeiffer's Land and Susswasser Mollusken, which is plainly a Unio piutornia. Kobelt's figures, the latter three certainly, are genuine platyrhyncluis, which I consider a perfectly good species. G84 rRWKKniyas OF Tin: X.ITIOX.U. w,s/:r.v. fUNIO PLATYRINCHOIDEUS Dupuy. plati/rinchoideux DriTY, Cut. Kxt. (Jail. Test, 1849;' * Hist. Moll. Fr., VI, 1852, p. 619, pi. xxvii, tig. 16. 'DuoUKT, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 100, pi. ix, fig. 1. P.KTEL, Concli. Sum., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Unio plalyrhynchoidettt WESTKRH'ND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 121. * Uni0 platyrrkynokoideiu SOWEISHY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXX, tig. 358. * I'nio thniicUx (JASSIKS, Actes. Soc. Linn, de Bord, XXVI, 1866, p. 132, pi. i, lig. 8. * WKsiKHU'ND, Fuun. Pul., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 110. * P.KTEL, Condi. Sum., Ill, 1890, p. 150.* LOCARD, Coq. de. Fr., 1893, p. 1W. Unio InrtlrliiiHHx PKCCIIIOLI, Bull. Mai. It., II, 1869, p. 163, pi. v. South France. tUNIO ELONGATULUS C. Pfeiffer. * rnioeloiiyaltilaC. PFEiFFER, 2 Nat. Dents., L. and S. Moll., II, 1825, p. 35, pi. vm, fig*. 5, 6. ROSSMASSLEU, Icon., II, 1835, p. 23. pi. IX, fig. 132; XII, 1811, p. 27, pi. LVI, fig. 751; VI, 1879, p. 42, pi. CLXII, figs. 1644, 1645. PORKO, Mai. Porno, 1838, p. 114. CATLOW and REEVK, Conch. Noiu., 1845, p. 59. KrsTF.u, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1854, p. 104, pi. xxvm, tigs. 4, 5. DROUKT, Nay Fr., II, 1857, p. 91, pi. vi, fig. 2. H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. SOWERHY, Concli. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXV, fig. 451. DROUKT, J. do Conch., XXVII, 1879, p. 331. * CLKSSIN, Moll. Oest., 1887, p. 735. * WESTEKLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 163. *PA:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 18!3, p. 166, fig. 180. * Margarita ( Unio) elonyatuhis LEA, Syn., 1836, 1838, p. 24. " Margaron ( I'nio) cJoxgatulun LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37, 1870, p. 59. Central Europe. fUNIO TUMIDUS Retzius. f'tiio tnmidus RET/.IUS, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 17. SPKNGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., Ill, 1793, p. 57. NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 109. ROSSMASSLEK, Icon., I, 1835, p. 117, pi. in, figs. 70, 70a, 70ft; III, 1836, p. 27, pi. xiv, figs. 202-204; VIII, 1838, p. 41, pi. XL, fig. 543; XII, 1844, p. 32, pi. LX, figs. 772-778.** BROWN, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 109, pi. xxi, figs. 8,9. *HANLEY, Test. Moll-., 1842, p. 205; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205. * BROWN, 111. Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 82, pi. xxxn, figs. 5-8. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 65. * STAISILK, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 61, pi. in, fig. 74. * STEIN, Die Lei). Schuecken, 1850, p. 103.* DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 655, pi. xxvm, fig. 20. * FORBES and HANLEY, Hist. Brit. Moll., II, 1853, p. 140, pi. XL, fig. 1. "KrsxER, Conch. Cab. IJuio, 1854, p. 71, pis. xvn, xvni. * MOIJUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr. Fluv., II, 1855, p. 577, pi. LI, figs. 11, 14. " VON WAUL, Arch, fiir Naturkunde Liv., 2d ser., I, p. 115. *NORDENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 85, pi. vi, figs. 7, 8. 'GRAY, Tnrton's Man , 1857, p. 297. "DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 110, pi. ix, fig. 2. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. *SOWERBY, 111. Int. British Shells, 1859, pi. vii, No. 3. 'JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., 1, 1862, p. 32.* REEVE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1863, p. 219, fig. 1. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. 'Credited by Lea to the above without page reference. I have not seen the paper. 2 Pfeifi'er credits this to Mnhlfeld in litt. It is a doubtful species, perhaps a variety of pictorum, but is generally smaller, thinner, and more compressed, and is rather more biangulate behind. PfeiU'er's two ligures represent somewhat different forms, but they may be the same thing. 3 Fig. 776 is probably a form of batarua. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 685 xxv. fig. 124. *TATE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1866, pi. n, Hg. 2.* KOBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 239.* LEHMAN, Die Schnecken, 1873, p. 292. * WESTERLUND, Faun. S. N. and D., 1873, p. 572. * CLESSIN, Dents. Ex. Moll, 1876, p. 458, fig. 299. "JORDAN, Jahrb. Dents. Mai. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 305. * DROUET, Union. Russ., 1881, p. 9; * Mem. Ac. Dijon, 3d ser., VII, 1882, p. 12 (reprint). * L. ADAMS, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 18, pi. L, fig. 10. * CLESSIN, Moll. Oest., 1887, p. 738. *P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. "KoBELT, Icon., new ed., VI, 1893, p. 87, pi. CLXXIII, fig. 1115. * LOCARD, Coq. Fr., 1893, p. 212.* WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, 1897, p. 162. * Margaron ( Unio) tumidus LEA, Syn., 1852. p. 36; 1870, p. 58. * Unio tn mill, i C. PFEIKFER, Nat. Dents. L. and S. Moll., II, 1825, p. 34, pi. vn, figs. 2, 3; pi. vin, figs. 1, 2. * KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 38. *PUTON, Moll.Vosges, 1847, p. 71. * My a depresaa DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, III, 1801, pi. ci. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st Ser., I, 1845, p. 71, pi. xxvi, figs. 1-3. * Unio depressus P.KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * Mya orate DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, IV, 1802, pi. cxxn. 1 * MATON and RACKETT, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 39. * WOOD, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 105, pi. xix, fig. 5. *DILL\VYN, Cat., I, 1817, p. 50. ?TURTON, Conch. Diet., 1819, p. 106. * WOOD, Ind.Test., 1825, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 27c; * rev. ed., 1856, p. 16, pi. n, fig. 27.* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., I, 1845, p. 82, pi. xxxn, figs. 1-3. Mi/aca oi-ata TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 246; Man. Shells Brit. Is., 1831, p. 21, fig. 12.* SWAINSON, Treat, on Mai., 1840, p. 277, fig. 56. * Mysca solida TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 246, pi. xvi, fig. 2; Man. Shells Brit. Is., 1831, p. 22, fig. 13. * Mya ovalis MONTAGU, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 34. * FLEMING, Hist. Br. Anim., 1828, p. 416. Unio ovalis BROWN, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 101, pi. xvm, figs, 4,5; 111. Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 82, pi. xxxi, figs. 12-14. * LEACH, Syn. Moll. Gt. Br., 1852, p. 322. *Margariia (Unio) ovalis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 24 . * Unio mttelleri ROSSMASSLER, Icon., VIII, 1838, p. 41, pi. XL, fig. 541; XI, 1842, p. 13, pi. LIV, fig. 739. * Unio pictorum BROWN, 111. Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 81, pi. xxxi, figs. 8-11. Northern and middle Europe ; eastern Siberia. UNIO TURTONI Payraudeau. *Unio turtoni PAYRAUDEAU, Cat. Moll. Corse, 1826, p. 65, pi. n, fig. 65.' 2 *PniL- IPPI, Moll. Sic., 1836, p. 67. *ROSSMASSLKR, Icon., VII, 1838, p. 25, pi. xxxv, fig. 492. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 65. * REQUIEN, Cat. Coq. Corse, 1848, p. 29. *Duruv, Hist. Moll. Franc., 1852, p. 651, pi. xxvu, fig. 17. * PAULLUCCI, Bull. Soc. Mai. It., V, 1879, p. 107. * WESTERLI ND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 160. *P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. *Unio capiyliolo PAYRAUDEAU, Cat. Moll. Corse, 1826, p. 66, pi. n, fig. 4. *Ross- MASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 22, pi. xxiv, fig. 341; XII, 1844, p. 28, pi. LVII, figs. 755, 756.* MOCJUIX-TANDON, Moll. Terr. Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 574, pi. L, figs. 3, 4. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 146. * P/ETEL> Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * Unio capii/liolo var. bondini P/ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. 1 First described by Lister in Historia Animalium Angli;i>, 1678. This has often been confounded with I', pictorum, but is generally more rhomboid, higher at the posterior part of the ligament, and more plainly marked at thereat periods than that species. 686 pnocEEDiNGS OF mi-: \.trrnx.iL MI'SECM. V..I..XXH. *Unio pictortun <;n:inx, Icon. Rc-gne Auim., II, 1829-1844, pi. xxvin, fig. 16. * BOURGUIGNAT, Mai. Alg., II, 1804, p. 292, pi. xxn, figs. 6-11.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1*65, pi. xxv, fig. 123. *Unio reqiiicnii MICIIAT;I>, Comp. Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 106, pi. xvi, fig. 24. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 24, pi. xin, fig. 198. *Gu.\s, Moll. Isere, 1840, p. 21.* STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 02, pi. in, fig. 1786.* GASMF.S, Moll. Ageu., 1849, p. 195, pi. I, figs. 4, 5.* DUPUY, Hist. M. Fr., 1852, p. 652, pi. xxvii. fig. 18. *KusrER. Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 120, pi. xxi, fig. 7; xxvi, figs. 1-3; xxxvn, figs. 2-4. * DROUKT, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 93, pi. vn, figs. 1-3. *MoU8SON, Coq. Terr. Fluv. Pal , 1861, p. 66. * DROUET, Moll. Cote d'Or, 1867, p. 102. * BENOIT, Mas. Cat. Sic., 1881, p. 170. *CLKSSIN, Moll. Oest., 1887, p. 731, fig. 494. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 121. * RETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. I'nio lobataPmiArri, Moll. Sic., 1836, p. 67. f'n io bandanii ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V, 1837, p. 22, pi. xxiv, fig. 341. * Unio paUens ROSSMASSLER, Icou., XI, 184 9 , p. 13, pi. LIV, fig. 740.' * WESTER- i.r.M), Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7,1890, p. 114. *Unio hispanua ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 26, pi. LVI, fig. 747. * BOUR- GUIGNAT, Moll. Pen. Con., 1863, p. 46, pi. xxiv, figs. 1-3. ' BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 344, pi. xxm, figs. 1-3. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 139. I'nio alcroni COMPANVO and MASSOT, Bull. Soc. Pyr. d'Or, VI, Pt. 2, 1845, p. 234, fig. . * BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 49, pi. xxm, figs. 1-3; Rev. etMag., XVII, 1865, pi. xix, figs. 1-3. *Unio rousii DUITY, Hist. Moll., VI, 1852, p. 653, pi. xvm, fig. 18. "MUSGKAVK, Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. n, fig. 7. * 1'nio ralentinus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1854, p. 37, pi. LXIX, p. 852. * I'.oi i;- GTIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 45, pi. xxvn; Rev. et Mag. Zool., XVII, 1865, p. 343, pi. xx. *WKSTERH ND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 140. P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. * Maryaron ( J'nio) ralentinua LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. I'nio ardusianus MOQUIN-TANDON, Hist. Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 575. : *WKSTER- LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 109. * LOCARD, Coq. de Franc., 1893, p. 205. * I'nio graelhianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 47, pi. xxm, Jigs. 4-7; *Rev. et Mag., 1865, p. 345, pi. xix, figs. 4-7. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 140. *1Unio letoitrneiixi BOURGUIGNAT, Mai. Alg., 1864, p. 289, pi. xvn, fig. 47. *WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 58. *P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * I'nio coiirquinianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 48; *part, Rev. et Mag., 1865, p. 346, pi. xxn, figs. 1,2. *J7nio siculus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXI, fig. 364. :! *Unio ravoisieri var. issericus KOBELT, Icon., new ser., I, 1884, p. 65, pi. xxvin, fig. 215. *WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 142. *Unio alcxandri KOBELT, Icon., 1st sup., 1895, p. 14, pi. n, fig. 2. Entire circummediterranean region. 1 Credited by Rossmassler to Parreyss. I do not know where the latter described it or whether he described it at all. -MoI-:SNIMI'SOX. 687 tUNIO RAVOISIERI Deshayes. 1 f'nio mroisieri DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Aceph. Alg., 1848, pi. cvm, figs. 1-7.* HOURGCIGNAT, Mai. Alg., 1864, p. 291, pi. xx, figs. 5-10. * P.-ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 165. *WESTEKLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 142. *Margaron (Unio) ravoisierl LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. I'n lo moreleti DESHAYES, Hist. Moll. Alg., 1848, pi. cix, figs. 1-4; cxn, fig. 5. *KOHELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 4, pi. xxxin, iig. 228. * WESTER- LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 141. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. Manjaron (Unio) moreleti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. tl'nio maccarthi/anns BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Pen. Con., 1886, p. 221, pi. xxxiv, figs. 8-11. *WKSTERH-ND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 57. *P.KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. Algiers. tUNIO MUSSOLIANUS Kuster. * Unio musnoliaiiHS KUSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 244, pi. LXXXII, fig. I. 3 P.K IEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. - 1 nlo boitrguifjHatianiis'Lv.A, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 189; Ml. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 54, pi. x vin, fig. 51 ; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 55, pi. xvm, fig. 51. *\\ T ESTERLrxi), Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178. *P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * Maryaron ( Unio) boitrguignatianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. - l.'nio rasas LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII. 1863, p. 189; MI. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 18H6, p. 50, pi. xvn, fig. 47; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 51, pi. xvn, fig. 47. ; - P.-KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. Mnryaron ( Unio) rasns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 58. Cnio mositJcnsis LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; Ml. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 52, pi. xvn, fig. 49; *0bs., XI, 1867, p. 56, pi. xvn, fig. 49. '* Marfiaron ( Unio) mosulensis LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 48. * Margaritana mossulcnsis P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. Assyria. UNIO HUETI Bourguignat. *Unio IntHi BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VII, 1855, p. 332, pi. vm, figs. 1-4. VON MARTENS, Vorderas. Couch., 1874, p. 33, pi. vn, fig. 54. "P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. *WKSTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 171. 4 Asia Minor. 1 Doubtfully distinct from U. tin-torn. It is not quite eo rhomboid as that species, which is also found in Algiers, but I have seen much intermediate material which hints at n connection of the two. -The magnificent work in which this species with other Unioues was figured was never finished, and no descriptions of the Naiades were written. The beautiful col- ored figures are wonderfully characteristic and are accompanied by names. 3 Credited to Parreyss in catalogue. This is quite likely only a variety of the preceding, but seems to be thinner and is more evenly elliptical. Von Martens believes it to be the same as Lea's mosulensis. 688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIOXAI. Ml >'/./ V. UNIO EUCIRRUS Bourguignat. * Unio eitcirrux 15orR(;n<;NAT, Mag. Xool., IX, 1857, p. 20, pi. vm, figs. 4-6. *KOBELT, Icon., VII, 1880, p. 82, pi. ccvi, fig. 2101. * WKSTERLUND, Faun. I'al.. II, Ft. 7. 1890, p. 171. 'P.-KTEi., Couch. Sani., Ill, 1890, p. 152. M8acritx LOCARD, Arch. Mas. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 219, pi. xxi. tigs. 16, 17. * WESTKRLCND, Faun. Pal., II, Ft. 7, 1890, p. 174. * Unio axiaciiH LOCARD, Arch. Mas. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 242, pi. xx, figs. 20-23. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sara., Ill, 1890, p. 145. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 170. I'nio subtiyridls LOCAKD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 245, pi. xxi, tigs. 18-20. 'WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 175. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Unio aremprosthns LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 246, pi. xxi, tigs. 21- 23.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 175. * t'trio chantri LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 247, pi. xxu, figs. 1-7. * P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 176. ' Asia Minor. UNIO ZABULONICUS Locard. * Unio zabnlon-icus LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 220, pi. xxu, figs. 11-18. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 177. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. *Unio antioch Ian us LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 249, pi. xxn, figs. 14- 16.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 176. Asia Minor. t UNIO TERMINALIS Bourguignat. * Unio terminalis BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Noviss., 1852, p. 31 ; * Cat. Rais. Moll., 1853, p. 76, pi. in, figs. 4-6 ; * .11. de Conch., IV, 1853, p. 74, pi. m, figs. 10' 10".* Mous- SON, Coq. Terr, et Fluv. Pal., 1861, p. 65. *KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 65, pi. cxix, fig. 115. *P,ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 174. * Maryaron (Unio) terminalis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. Lake Tiberias. UNIO GRELLOISIANUS Bourguignat. * Unio yrelloisianus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 227, pi. XL, figs. 1-4; Moll. Pen. Con., 1863, p. 74, pi. XXHI, figs. 4-7. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, pp. 140, 173.- *P;ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Unio lunulifer BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 227, pi. xi, figs. 5-8. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 177. * P^ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. " Mitrgaron ( Unio) lunulifer LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. * Unio jordanicus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag.. VIII, 1856, p. 228, pi. x, figs. 1-4. *MoussoN, Coq. Terr. Fluv. Pal., 1861, p. 66. *!\ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 172. * Maryaron ( Unio) jordanicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44. Jordon Eiver. 'All these so-called species of Locard, some of which he credits to the manuscripts of Bourguignat and Lortet, have high beaks placed at some distance from the anterior end, arc wedge-shaped and more or less pointed posteriorly. I think it quite probable that all of them, together with the next species, are mere variations of Bourguignat's old U. terminalis. Of course Locard lias figured every possible variation and distor- tion and called it a species. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 44 G90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. UNIO ELLIPSOIDEUS Locard. * Unio ellipnoidcits LOCARD, Arch. Mas. Lyou., Ill, 1883, p. 211, pi. xxi, ligs. 1-3. ' * WESTEKLUND, Fium. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 171. * P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. I'niu genezftMtknitit LOCAKU, Arch. Mus. Lyou., Ill, 1883, p. 213, pi. xxi, tigs. 4-6. ^P^ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. * WESTKRLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 172. I'liio jaubertl LUCAHU, Arch. Mus. Lyou., Ill, 1883, p. 248, pi. XXH, figs. 8-10. *1\KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 176. t'nio :abiilonicu8 KOUKLT, Icon., hew ser., VI, 1893, p. 96, pi. CLXXIX, fig. 1129. *Unio lortiti KOHELT, Icon., 1st sup., 1895, p. 14, pi. v, tig. 3. I'n to kobelti ROLLK, Icon., 1st sup., 1895, p. 15, pi. vi. fig. 3. * Unio pietri KOHELT (part), Icon., 1st sup., 1895, p. 16, pi. vi, figs. 1, 2. * Uniajierodes KOBELT, Icon., 1st sup., 1895, p. 17, pi. vi, fig. 4. Lake Tiberias. tUNIO DELICATUS Lea.- * Unio delicatus LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 189. Ml. AcaU. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 58, pi. xix, tig. 56. *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 62, pi. xix, fig. 56. * WESTERLUND, Fauu. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178. *PJETEL, Couch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 150. *Marf/aron ( Unio) delicatus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. Oroiites Kiver, Syria. (Group of Unio littoralis.) Shell rather solid, subiutiated, rounded rhomboid, with a faint pos- terior ridge, usually slightly biangulate behind and often becoming arcuate when old; beaks prominent and full; beak sculpture consisting of numerous rather line, subparallel ridges or corrugations which are sometimes a good deal broken up, and which extend well out on the disk, but begin at the beaks as normal, somewhat coarse Unio sculpture, sometimes with fine radial lines posteriorly; pseudocardinals rather solid, subcompressed, smooth below ; laterals straight or slightly curved; cavity of the beaks rather deep ; muscle scars distinct. I have never seen the soft parts, of any member of this group. Quite a number of descriptions have been published of various nominal species, most of which go into details as to the color of the different parts, but do not give an atom of information as to real characters. The animal is dark or highly colored, and seems to be gravid in sum- mer, and no doubt carries the young in the outer gills alone. Gills large, wider behind, inner the larger, especially in front; mantle thick- ened at the edges; palpi very large, elliptical, rounded behind, hanging at an angle of 45; branchial opening large, strongly fringed/' 'I think this is a form of grelloisianns. Some forms of the latter are very much like U. tlgridus Bourguignat, but he says that it has roughened beaks while those of tigridis are always smooth. -I have only seen the type, a young shell, and its relations are doubtful. The sharp, rather pustulous, beak sculpture, and the shining, yellowish epidermis are like the i>ictorum group, but its form is peculiar. It may not come from Syria at all. :i From a figure in Mai. d'Algerie, II, pi. xix. so.1205. M XOl'.SIS <>/' Till: \MADES SIMPSON. 691 tUNIO LITTORALIS Lamarck. 1 * Unio littoralis LAMARCK, Syst. An. sans Vert., 1801, p. 114. * DKAPAKNAUD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 101 ; *Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 135, pi. x, tig. 20. M IL- LET, Moll. Maiueet Loire, 1813, p. 74. -* BKARD, Hist. Coq., 1815, p. 229. *CuviER, Regne Animal, II, 1817, p. 473. *LAMARCK, Au. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 76. * DKSHAYES, Enc. Method., II, 1827, p. 151, pi. CCXLVIII, fig. 2. *Mi- CHAUD, Couip. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 110. *LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 201. 'Gou- PIL, Hist. Moll. Sarthe. 1835, p. 83. *PHILIPPI, Moll. Sic.. 1836, p. 66. 'ROSS- MASSLER, Icon., V, 1837, p. 21, pi. xxiv, fig. 340. *TERVER, Cat. Moll. Terr. et Fluv., 1839, p. 39. "SoWERBY, Couch. Man., 1839, fig. 145. "GRA8, Moll. Isere., 1H40, p. 72, pi. v, fig. 20. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; "Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pi. xxi, fig. 13. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60. "Pirrox, Moll. Vosges., 1847, p. 74. *GASSIES, Moll. Agenais, 1849, p. 197. *DCPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 632, pi. xxm, fig. 8; xxiv, figs. 5, 6, 8. "RossMAssLER, Icon., Ill, 1854, p. 37, pi. LXIX, fig. 850. *DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 66, pi. in, figs. 1,2. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.493. *Moussox, Coq. Terr. Fluv. Pal., 1861, p. 64. -REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxn, fig. 98. *WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 52. *P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * I'nio littoralis var. minor ROSSMASSLER (part), Icon., XI, 1842, p. 14, pi. LV, figs. 743, ?747.< * Unio littoralis var. ucarranicus KOUELT, Icon., IV, 1879, p. 40, pi. CLXI, fig. 1638. " I'nio littoralis var. pianensis KOBELT, Icon.. VI, 1888, p. 43, pi. CLXIII, fig. 1648. "Margarita (Unio) Utoralis LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22. * Margaron ( Unio) Uloralis LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 54. * Unio Utoralis var. umbonatns ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 27, pi. LVI, fig. 754. * iUnio granosus SCIIUMACHKR, Ess. Nonv. Syst., 1817, pi. n, fig. I. 3 * Unio brerialis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73. * LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 200.' * Unio nana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert. VI, 1819, p. 76. * LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 202. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 61. "WESTERLUND, Fauu. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 83. I'nio rubens MEXKE, Syn., 1830, p. 149. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Vand VI, 1837, p. 56, pi. xxix, fig. 412. * Unio subtetrayona MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 111. * GRAS, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 21. * I'nio snbtetragonus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Noiu., 1845, p. 64. * DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 634, pi. xxiv, fig. 7. 1 Lauiarck refers this in the Animaux sans Vertdbres first to his Systems An. sans Vertobres, published in 1801, and thirdly to Draparnaud ( I list. Moll. Fr.,1806). Dra- parnaud published this species under the name Unio littoralis without a figure in the Tableau Mollusques de France, 1801, which appeared, according to Moquin-Tandon, about July 1 of that year. I do not know which has priority, but Lamarck refers to u characteristic figure in the Encyclopedic Methodique (17;'7), thus fixing the species without a doubt, and as he is most generally considered its author I shall credit it to him. -Fig. 743 is a small I', littoralis. I think 747 is U. batavus. 3 Only a partial inside view is given of two valves. Scliumacher says it very much resembles U. corrugatus Retzius, but is larger, and the teeth are very different. I believe it is a T. littoralis. 4 Lamarck refers this species to the Isle of France. Sgan/iu states (Me"rn. Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasb., 1840-46, p. 8) that the amateurs he consulted in that island assured him that no such mollusk was found there. According to Lea it is Unio littoralis. 692 PROCEEDINGS OF Till- .\.iTln.\.U. MCSEUAl. ' Cnio incurcits LEA. Tr. Am. 1'hil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 97, pi. xm. fig. 2< ; ( >l>s., I, 1834, p. 107, pi. xm, fig. 27.* C'HENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xi, Tigs. 1, la, Ib. Unio draparnaldi DESIIAYES, Desc. Coq. Terr., 1831, p. 38, pi. xiv, tig. 6.' P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * I'nio jiianensis FAKIXES, Ann. ties Sci. Nat., II, 1834, p. 118. MOI.I.EK, Syn. Nov. ( Jfn., 1836, p. 197.* Dui-fcY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 635, pi. xxi v, tig. 4. * Unio bif/errensis MILLET, Gner. Mag., 1843, p. 3, pi. LXIV, tig. 1. * I'nio bigorrcnais LOCAUD, Coq. tie Franc., 1893, p. 153. *Unio fellmani DESIIAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Alg., 1848, pi. cvin, tigs. 8, 9. *KUSTEK, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 151, pi. xi.iv, tig. 1. *!I.;in, Coq. do Franc., 1893, p. 153. * I'nio cnneaius ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XIII and XIV, 1854, p. 37, pi. LXIX, iig. 851. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. *Unio rJtomboideus MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr. Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 568, pi. XLVHI, figs. 4, 9; XLix,fig8. 1, 2. 'BOURGUIGNAT, Mai. Alg., 1864, II, p. 284, pi. xvin ; Rev. et Mag., XVIII, 1866, p. 11. *LOCARD, Coq. de Franc., 1893, p. 152, fig. 165. I nio rothi BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nonv., 1863, p. 41, pi. xx, figs. 1-6; Rev. et Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 337, pi. xvi. * KOBELT, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 40, pi. ci.xi, fig. 1639. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. * WESTEKLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 59. * Unio umbonatus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nouv., 1863, p. 42, pis. xxi, xxn ; * Rev. et Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 339, pis. xvn, xvm. * WESTEKLUND, Fann. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 54. * Unio sttbreniformis BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nonv., 1863, p. 43; Rev. et Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 340.* KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 64, pi. cxvm, fig. 1151. *WESTER- LUND, Fain. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 54. * t'nio ater REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxi, fig. 19. * Uniocrassus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxn, fig. 98. * Unio ralentinus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLI, fig. 225. *Unio mauritanicus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nonv., 1868, p. 317, pi. XLV, figs. 1-5. * KOBELT, Icon., II, new ser., 1886, p. 5, pi. xxxni, fig. 230. " WESTKRLUXD, Fann. Pal., II, Pt, 7, 1890, p. 56. * I'nio Jcsibianus Moussox, Mai. Blatt., XXI, 1873, p. 156; * .lahrb. Dents. Mai. Ges., I, 1874, p. 104, pi. v, fig. 6.* KOBELT, Icon., IV, now scr.. I,s7. (15, pi. cxix, fig. 1153. * P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * WESTEULUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890. * Uniojolyi KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 22, pi. XLI, tig. 256. 1' .ETEL, Conch. Sam., III. 1890, p. 156. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 57. * Unio maccarfliyanus KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 5, pi. xxxni, tig. 229. * Unio leiourneauxi KOBELT, Icon., new scr., II, 1886, p. 3, pi. xxxn, fig. 227. * Unio lycicus ROLLE, Icon., 1st sup., 1895, p. 18, pi. n, fig. 1. Southern Europe; Asia Minor; Assyria; Morocco; Algiers. fUNIO DELESSERTI Bourguignat.' Unio delesserti BOURGUIGNAT, Voy. Mer. Mort., 1852, p. 77; Test. Nov. Saul., 1852, p. 29; * Cat. Rais. Moll., 1853, p. 77, pi. in, figs. 7-9.* ROTH, Mai. Blatt., 1856, 1 Approaches '('. littoralis, and may be only a variety of that, but is not so elon- gated. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE X.I FADES SIMPSON. 693 II, p. 57. P.KTKL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Ft. 7, 1890, p. 171'. 1 Manjaron ( Cnio) delesserti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. Syria. fUNIO SEMIRUGATUS Lamarck.' " Cnio semirufiatua LAMARCK, An. san. Vert., VI. 1819, p. 76. * DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pi. xn, figs. 6, 6a, Gb. * \rnio emesaensis LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, p. 286; Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 254, pi. xxx, fig. 68; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 14, pi. xxx, fig. 63. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 61. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. *Maryaron ( Unio) emesaensis LEA, Syn.-, 1870, p. 57. t ' I 'niosimonis TRISTRAM, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, Pt. 2, p.544. 2 * LoCARD,Arch. Mus. Lyou, III, 1883, p. 239, pi. xx, figs. 1-3. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 60. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * KOBELT, Icon., new ser., VI, 1893, p. 91, pi. CLXXVI, fig. 1121; first supp., 1895, p. 18, pi. in, figs. 1-3. *Unio litynesi LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 205. *P/ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. * Unio (jalila'i LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 206, pi. xx, figs. 10-12. 3 WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 60. * KOBELT, Icon., 1st sup., 1895, p. 20, pi. vii, figs. 4, 5. * Unio timius LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyou, III, 1883, p. 207, pi. xx, figs. 13,14. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 61. * Unio rhomboidopaix LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 239, pi. xx, figs. 7-9. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 61. *Unio rollei KOBELT, Icon., 1st supp., 1895, p. 20, pi. iv, figs. 1,2. *Unio tracluv KOBELT, Icon., 1st supp., 1895, p. 21, pi. vna, fig. 2. 4 *Unio wagneri KOBELT, Icon., 1st supp., 1895, p. 22, pi. vn, figs. 1,2. Asia Minor. tUNIO HOMSENSIS Lea. "Unio homsensis LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 285; Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 249, pi. xxix, figs. 63; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 9, ph xxix, fig. 63. * LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon., Ill, 1883, p. 275. * P.ETEL' Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal. II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 62. *Margaron ( Unio) homsensis LEA, Syii. 1870, p. 31. Syria. 1 Lea and Ferussac both referred this to Uttoralin after examining Lamarck's shells. I have seen specimens in the collection of the former from the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, which are, no doubt, authentic, and which, I think, perhaps, are specifically different from littoralin, being much shorter and more rounded. 2 A specimen of this in the IT. S. National Museum collection, from Tristram, labeled as above, is the same as Lea's examples of semiruyattis. 3 Published as Unio maris-yalilcei in list in Comptes Rendus, XCI, p. 502; but not described. 4 Some of these approach very close to specimens of 17". littoralis, especially to the form called U. rothi Bourguiguat, which I have placed in that species, and I should not be surprised if there was an absolute connection between the short, rounded forms of U. semirugatua and the longer rhomboid U. littoralis. (594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. UNIO PSEUDONYMUS Simpson.' *Unio liueii KOBELT, Icon., new scr.,.11, 1886, p. 22, pi. XLI, fig. 225. Euphrates and Tigris rivers. t UNIO FERUSSACIANUS Lea. * T'nio ferusaacianus LEA, Jl. Acail. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 255. Footnote to description of 7'. emesaensis. 'LEA, Obs., XII, 1869, p. 15. Footnote. *Margaron ( Unio) fernssacianus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. Bagdad. UNIO EPISCOPALIS Tristram. *Unio episcopali* TI:ISTI:AM,- I'r. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 54-1. VON MAIITEXS Vorderas. Couch., 1874, p. 68. ^ WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Ft. 7, 1890, p. (!2. *P.KTEL. Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * KOBETT, Icon., VI, new ser., 1893, p. 89, pi. CLXXV, fig. 1119. Oroiites Elver, Syria. tUNIO DURIEUI Deshayes. T/nto durieui DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Alg. Atlas, 1847, pi. cix, figs. 5-8. 3 BOUKGUIGNAT, Mol. Alg., II, 1864, p. 288, pi. xix, figs. 4-8. * WESTERLUND. Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 142." P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. *Margaron ( Unio) durieui LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 48. * Unio sitifenais MOKELET, Jl. de Conch., II, 1851, p. 360. I'nio orientaJis BOUKGUIGNAT, Test. Noviss., 1852, p. 29. *Unio brui/uieriuHiia BOURGUIGNAT, Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 78, pi. n, figs. 54-58. *WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 172. * P.KTEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. *Margaron ( Unio) brugnierianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44. "Unto vescoi BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et. Mag, VIII, 1856, p. 74, pi. u, figs. 4-8. 4 * KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 66, pi. cxix, fig. 1154. *WESTEULUN , Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 152. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. *Maryaron ( Unio) vescoi LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. * Unio acinverzenbachi BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. ct Mag., VIII., 1856, p. 75, pl.vin, figs. 1-5. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 266, pi. xc, fig. 2. * SOWEKBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. XLIV, fig. 241. *KOBELT. Icon , VII, 1880, p. 81, pi. ccvi, fig. 2099. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 95. * Unio prusii Boi'RGUiGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 76, pi. m, iigs. 1-4. *Unio damaacensia LEA/' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863. p. 190; Jl. Acad. 1 Kobelt supposed this to be the U. Jiueti of Bourguignat, and figured and described it for that species. It is, however, very distinct, and I therefore am compelled to give it a new name. -Tristram only describes this in Latin, and docs not figure it; and as I have never seen an authentic specimen I am obliged to depend on Kobelt's figure, which agrees well with Tristram's diagnosis. These make it a large, somewhat silicate form, shaped like batarua, but more compressed and having a beautiful purple nacre. 3 There does not seem to be any essential difference between the Algerian and the Syrian shells, which I have referred to this species. 4 Bourguiguat says he has received numerous specimens of this from Dronet, labeled U. turcicus Parreyss, but Parreyss's names were only in manuscript, and were never published, and have therefore no scientific standing. "'Only the typo is in the Lea collection, and it appears to be a delicate specimen of durieui. N<>.l-">5. SYNOPSIS OF THE X AT. IDES SIMI'fif>\. 695 Nat. Sci. Pbila., VI, 1866, p. 55, pi. xvm, p.52; "Obs., XI, 1869, p. 59. pi. xviii,. lig. 52. *P/ETEL, Couch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * WESTERH'ND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178. Manjaron ( Unio) damascensis LKA, Syu., 1870, p. 52. I'nio orontesensis LEA,Pr.Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbila., VI, 1866, p. 53, pi. xvm, fig. 50 ; * Obs., XI, p. 57, pi. xvm, fig. 50. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178. P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * Margaron (Unio) orontesensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * I'nio orphaensis LEA, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 285; Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila , VI, 1868, p. 250, pi. xxix, fig. 64; ''Obs., XII, 1869, p. 10, pi. xxix, fig. 64. ^WE.STEULUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 179." P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. '' Maryaron ( Unio) orpnacnsis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * I'nio mnrdinensis LEA, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 286; "Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 252, pi. xxx, fig. 66; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 12, pi. xxx, fig. 66.* WKSTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II., Pt. 7, 1890, p. 179. * Margaron ( Unio) mardinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. tUNIO DURIEUI var. KULLETHENSIS Lea. * Unio kitllethensis LEA, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 285; * Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 251, pi. xxix, fig. 6'>; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 11, pi. xxix, fig. 65. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178. * Margaron ( Unio) kulletliensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. * Unio kalletheiisis and kullinthensis P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. Algiers; Tunis; Asia Minor, Assyria; Southeastern Europe. fUNIO SYRIACUS Lea. 1 *t7nio syriacus LEA, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 189; * Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 56, pi. xix, fig. 53 ; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 60, pi. xix, fig. 53. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178. * P^CTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Margaron (Unio) syriacus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Orontes River, Syria. UNIO BYTHINICUS Kobelt. * Unio bythinicus KOBELT, Icon, new ser., VI, 1893, p. 96, pi. CLXXIX, fig. 1128. Asia Minor. UNIO MICELII Kobel:. *Unio micelii KOBELT, Nach. Mai. Ges., XVI, 1884, p. 182; Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 24, pi. XLIII, figs. 260, 261. Tunis. fUNIO EMARGINATUS Lea.* *Unio emarginatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 62, pi. ix, fig. 22; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 174, pi. ix, fig. 22. 1 1 have only seen a single, badly eroded specimen, the type, but it seems to differ from anything I know. It probably belongs to this group. 2 Lea's only shell, the type, consists of two opposite, odd valves. One of these may possibly be an elongated batavus, the other appears distinct. 696 rnocEEDiNdS or TIIK \.ITIO\AI. MCSKTM. VOI..XXM. Mari/arita ( I'nio) nnarii'tnulux LKA. Syn., lls.'tS. ]>. L't!. ' Marijaron ( I'nio) emargiiialits LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 89: 1S7<>, p. l>2. Locality unknown. I have no doubt that it belongs somewhere in the circuminediterranean region. tUNIO CARNEUS Kuster. * Fnio carneus KUSTER, Couch. Cal>. Unio, 1854, p. 103, pi. xxvm, figs. 1, 2. *DROUKT, Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 23, reprint. *P.KTKL, Condi. Sani., Ill, 1890, p. 147. *Unio gonlierii BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., IX, 1857, p. 16, pi. iv, fig. 1-4. *WESTERLUNI>, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 67. *Mary(tron ( I'nio) gontieri LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 44. * UniopencJi'niatitinus BouimriGXAT, Moll. Pen. Con., 1863, p. 44, pi. xxv; * Rev. et Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 342, pi. xxi. ^ KOBELT, Icc.n., IV, 1S76, p. 66, pi. cxix, fig. 1155. Southern Europe. fUNIO BATAVUS Maton and Rackett. "fMya pictorum GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 3218 '. * DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, V, 1803, pi. CLXXIV. * ? CHENU, Bil>. Conch., 1st ser., I, 1815, p. 114, pi. XLVII, figs. 8, 9. * Unio pictorum DRAPARNAUD, part, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 131, pi. xi, figs. 1-4.'- * Mya batava MATOX and RACKKTT, :! Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIJI, 1807, p. 37. *Woon, Gen. Couch., I, 1815, p. 303, pi. xix, figs. 1, 2. *DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p. 49. * TURTOX, Couch. Diet., 1819, p. 105. *Wooi>, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 256; rev. ed., 1856, p. 15, pi. n, fig. 25. * Unio batara LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78. 4 C. PKEIFFER, Nat. L. and Suss. Moll., Pt. 1, 1821, p. 119, pi. v, fig. 14. *DESHAYKS, Euc. Moth., II, 1827, p. 151, pi. CCXLVIII, fig. 3; II, 1830, p. 584, pi. CCXLVIII, fig. 3. * WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat. An., 1827, p. 36. *KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 38. * FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Moll., 1828, p. 416. * STARK, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 90. * MICHAUD, Coinp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 109. * GOUPIL, Hist. Moll. Sarthe, 1835, p. 83. *Foi'RNKL,Faun. Moselle, I, 1836, p. 487. *GRAS, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 21. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Noni., 1845, p. 56.* PUTON, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 75. * Mysca batara TURTON, Conch. lus. Brit., 1822, p. 244. *TURTON, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, Brit. Is., 1831, pi. xx. fig. 10. * Unio batarus NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 112. *ROSSMASSLKR, Icon., II, 1835, p. 20, pi. vin, figs. 128, 128a, 128&; III, 1836, pp.28, 32, pi. xiv, fig.205; xv, fig. 214 ; V and VI, 1837, p. 56, pi. xxix, fig. 414 ; XI, 1842, p. 14, pi. LV, fig. 745. * BROWN, L. and F. W. Conch. ,1836, p. Ill, pi. xvm, figs. 6-8; xxi, figs. 10, 11. * f ANTON, Verz. der Couch., 1839, p. 15. *HANLEY,Test. Moll., 1842, 1 Guielin refers to the figure by Cheumit/ in Conchylien Cabinet, VI. This figure is probably a light-colored batavm. - Fig. 3 is certainly batarus, and figs. 1 and 2 may be. :i Matou and Rackett do not figure their species, but refer to several figures. The first is in Ginanui, Opere Postuiue, 1755, pi. iv, fig. 17. This work I have not seen. The figures referred to in Schroter's Flussconchylieu, in Chemnitz, and the Encyclo- pedic Methodinue (pi. 248, fig. 3) are what we understand as V. batavuH, the latter being the one cited by Lamarck. ^Lamarck does not figure his species, but refers to plate CCXLVIII, tig. 3, in the Encyclopedic Mdthodique, \vhich is the species commonly known as Unio batarus. NO. 12(15. SYNOPSIS OF Till: .V.I /.I />/>' SIMPSON. 697 p. 195; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195. * Snim./. Schleis. L. and W. Moll., 184:;, p. 133. " BROWN, 111. Keceiit Conch., 1844, p. 82, pi. . \x.\i, tigs. 3, 3a, 4-6. *Dui>UY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 638, pi. xxv. ligs. 11, 15. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 121, pi. xxxm, figs. 4-7; xxxiv, tigs. 1,2. vu\ WAHL, Suss. Biv. Liv., 1855, p. 96. *MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Ten-, et Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 571, pi. XLIX, figs. 7, 8. *DKOUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 79, pi. vi, fig. 1. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.493. *BIELZ, Faun. Siebon, 1863, p. 193. *BOURGUIGNAT, Mai. Alg., 1864, p. 286, id. xix, fig. "9; xx, figs. 1-4. * SOWEKBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xui, fig. 234." BKOT, Coq. Fain. Nay. Leman, 1867, p. 49, pi. ix, figs. 1-5.* Ko- BELT, Fuun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 242. * LEHMAN, Die Sehnecken, 1873, p. 295. *CLESSIN, Deutsche Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 463, fig. 302. * DROUET, .M. in. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 18 (reprint). * CLKSSIN, Moll. Oest., 1887, p. 741.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 74.* P.KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145.* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 167.* WESTERLUND, . Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 162. * Margarita ( Unio) batavus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. *Maryaron (Unio) batavus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47. *Unio batavl var. ? ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 55, pi. xxix, fig. 410. *Unio nanus DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 640, pi. xxv, fig. 16. * KOHELT, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 42, pi. CLXII, figs. 1642, 1643.* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr.,1893, p. 154, fig. 168. / tiio riparia C. PKEIKFER, Nat. L. and S. Moll., 1821, Pt. 1. p. 118, pi. v, fig. 13. *KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 39. *Unio riparius SCIIOLX, Schleis L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 129. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 90. * LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 164. *? Unio crassus NILSSON/ Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 108. *ROSSMASSLER, Icon., II, 1835, p. 19, pi. vin, figs. 126, 127- ; V and VI, 1837, p. 55, pi. xxxix,fig. 111. MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr, and Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 570; III, pi. XLIX, figs. 3, 4. *NORDENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 84, pi. vi, fig. 72. * DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 76, pi. iv, fig. 2. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Sw., N. and Den., 1873, p. 569. 3 * LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 162, fig. 176. * WESTERLUND, ActaSoc. F. and F. F.. XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 159. * Unio crassus variety batants JORDAN, .Jahrb. Deuts. Mai. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 307. *Unio ater NILSSON. Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 107. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., II, 1835, p. 23, pi. ix, fig. 133; VII and VIII, 1838, p. 41, XL, fig. 543. *SCHOLZ, Schleis. L. and F. W. Moll., 1843, p. 131.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 114, pi. xxi, figs.l, 2, 6; xxxn, figs. 1-4. * MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr, et Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 570, pi. XLIX, figs. 5, 6. *DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 72, pi. iv, fig. 1 ; Meui. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 14 (reprint). * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 65. *P.*:TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145. *LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 176. *WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 160. *Unio atra DESHAYES, Encyc. Meth., II, 1830, p. 582. Unio ruyatus MENKK, Syu. Moll., 1828, p. 90. *ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 65, pi. xxix, fig. 415. I'n'w elongata MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 113, pi. xvi, fig. 29. I'nio labacenris ROSSMASSLER, Icon., II, 1835, p. 21. '>>'ilsson claims that this is Retzius' species, and that it is found in the rivers of Sweden. His Latin description is so brief that nothing can be made out of it. I have no doubt that he had Unio batarus before him when he wrote it. 3 1 believe that this in a rather large batavus and the figures are almost exactly like those he gives of that species. "Claimed to be crassus of Retzius, but he gives U. ater of Nilssou as one variety and batarus Lamarck as another. PROCEEDINGS or Till'. XATloX.lI. * I'nio di'citri-dtiiN ROSSMASSI.KI:, Icon., II, 18:>r>, p. 22. pi. i\, fig. 131; V jind VI, 1837, p. 21. pi. xxiv, lig. 339. *KI;STKR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1S5G, p. 108, pi. xxx, figs. 1, 2. 'MrsiiitAVK, Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. n, lig. 4. SOWKKIIY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867,pl.T,vi, fig. 284. 'WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 92. PXKTEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. ir>0. *Unio reniformis ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 31, pi. xv, fig. 213. SrnoL/, Sehleis, L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 132. * KUSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1851, p. 110, pi. xxx, figs. 3, 4. *BouR(;uioxAT, Rev. ct Mag., 1865, pi. xxm, figs. 4-6. *SOWKUBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. i.xxn, fig. 371. WI-ST- KRLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 80. *LOCAI:I>, Coq. dc Fr., 1893, p. 161. / ,iio <-(irhithi<(cnx ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 30, pi. xv, fig. 209. ' *So\v- KRBY. Conch. Icon., XVI, 1856, pi. xxx, fig. 157; 'P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. *LOCAR1>, Coq.do Fr., 1893, p. 167. / nio amnicits ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 31, pi. xv, fig. 212. KUSTKR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 99, pi. xxvn, fig. 2. * DROUET, Mem. Acad. Dijon, VIII, 1882, p. 22 (reprint). WESTKRLUNP, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 89. * LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 163, fig. 177. * Unio piscln ali s ROSSMASSLKR, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 30, pi. xv, fig. 210. L<>< AI:I>, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 160. I'nio atrorirrns ROSSMASSLKR, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 28, pi. xv, figs. 206,207. SCHMIDT, Bull. Imp. Soc. N. H. Moscow, 1840, p. 1'iiio <-(tii8et.ineu8 ROSSMASSLKR, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 29, pi. xv, fig. 208; VII, 1838, p. 25, pi. xxxv, fig. 491 ; p. 42, XL, fig. 544 ; XI, 1842, p. 14, pi. LV., fig. 742. I nil) fuSCulllS ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 30, pi. XV, fig. 211. *P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153.* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 159, fig. 173. I 'io! ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Ill, 1836, p. 27. pi. xiv, fig. 201. * I'nio sterenianus DROUET, Unionida- Russ., 1881, p. 14 ; 2 Jl. do Conch., XXIX, 1881, p. 24; Supp. Un. Serbie, 1884, pis. i, n. * WESTERLUNI>, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 66. *KOBELT (part), Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 38, pi. LII, fig. 281. 3 * Unio banditti KUSTER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 22, pi. xxiv, fig. 341. *Unio glaucinus PORRO, Mai. Como., 1838, p. 115. "CATLOW and REEVK, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. "STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 61, pi. in, fig. 75. *KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 19, pi. XL, fig. 251. * PASTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 90. I'nio yargottw ROSSMASSLER, Icon., VII, 1838, p. 26, pi. xxxv, fig. 493. *MON- TEROSATO, Nat. Sic., new ser., 1896, p. 6, fig. 1. f Unio corrugala MANDUYT, Moll., Vienna, 1839, p. 8. f Unio rotundata MANDUYT, Moll., Vienna, 1839, p. 9. 4 fUnio ganrjrenosus SCHMIDT, Bull. Imp. N. H. Moscow, 1840, p. . * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1854, p. 124, pi. xxxiv, figs. 3, 4.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 81.* P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. Unio prinnostiH SCHMIDT, Bull Soc. Nat. Mosc., 1840, p. 445. * DROUET, Jl. de Couch., XXIX, 1881, p. 248; * Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 21 (reprint). *PVETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 82.* LOCARD, Coq. do Fr., 1893, p. 160. *Unio littoralis var. minor ROSSMASSLER (part), Icon., XI, 1842, p. 14, pi. i.v, fig. 744. 'Rossmassler credits this and several other species to Zeigler. So far as I am able to learn these are mere manuscript names. Neither Moquin Tandon or Locard give Zeigler as an author in their bibliographies of writers on French mollusks, and Lea refers only to his manuscript. I have not seen his Systematisches Verzeichniss. 2 Generally credited to Krinicke, who published the naked name in Bull. Nat. Mosc., 1837. 3 Fig. 280, said to be this, is probably U. lnmiduK. 4 Both these species of Manduyt are lialanis.' according to Moquin Tandon. No.1205. sY\nPS18 OF THE NAIADESSlMI'StiX. 699 I'H i/ minica MILLET, Guer. -Mag., 1843, p. 4, pi. LXIV, fig. 2. I'nio mancus DUPUY, Hist. M.Fr., 1852, p. 642, pi. xxvi, fig. 17. *LocAUi>, Coq. Fr., 1893, p. 156, fig. 170. * Unio moquinianus DUPUY, Moll. Gers., 1843, p. 80, pi. * ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 31, pi. MX, fig. 769. 'KUSTER, Couch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 100, pi. xxvii, figs. 3, 4, 5.* DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 644, pi. xxvi, fig. 18.* MOQUIN-TAXDON, Moll. Terr, and Fluv. Fr., 1855, p. 573, pi. L, figs. 1,2. * DUPUY, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 75. * DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 88, pi. vi, fig. 3.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159.* WKSTER- LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 146.* LOCARD, Co(i. ile F*., 1893, p. 179. I nio requieni ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 29, pi. LVII, figs. 757-761. : * KUSTER (part), Couch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 126, pi. xxxvi, fig. 2. 1 * MOQUIN- TAXDOX, Moll. Terr, ct Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 574, pi. L, figs. 5-7. *KOBELT, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 43, pi. CLXIII, fig. 1647. * LOCARD, Coq. cle Fr., 1893, p. 190. / nio xandri RASSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 26, pi. i.vi, figs. 748-750. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 101, pl.xxvn, figs. 6. 7. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIX, fig. 413. *P.KTEL, Couch. Sam., 111,1890, p. 166. WKSTERLUXD, Fann. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 93. .' I nio alcroni COMPANYO and MASSOT, Bull. Soc. Agr. Sc. Pyr. d'Or,VI, Pt. 2, 1845, p. 234, fig. 2. *KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 64, pi. cxvin, fig. 1150.- I'nio badiiis KOKEIL, Mich. Cornp., 1831, pi. xvi, fig. 36.- *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56. KOKEIL, Gallenst. Kiirnt. Conch., 1852, p. ?.' *f I'nio n-ohcichii MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 105, pi. xin, fig. 1. Unio jacquemini DX:PUY, Cat. Ext. Gall. Test., 1849, No. 328. *DUPUY, Hist. M. Fr., 1852, p. 643, pi. xxv, fig. 17. *KOBELT, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 42, pi. CLXII, fig. 1641. *WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 128. *LOCARD, Coq. Fr., 1893, p. 188. I'nio droiteti DUPUY, Cat. Ext. Gal. Test., 1849, No. 327; Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 639, pi. xxv, fig. 14. I'nio pliilippi DUPUY, Cat. Ext. Gal. Test., 1849, No. 335; Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 654, pi. xxvin, fig. 19. *Unio ovalis DUPUY, Hist Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 637, pi. xxv. fig. 13. * Unio spinellii VILLA, in Moll. Bres., 1852, p. 50, fig. D. * Unio moiilinsiana DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., VI, 1852, p. 640, pi. xxiv, fig. 10. *MOQUIX-TANDON, Hist. Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 572. *LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 152. *1Uniopetterianu8 KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1854, p. 97, pi. xxvn, fig. 4. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *P.ETEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. *WESTERLUNI>, Fann. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 115. *Margaron ( Unio) pettcrianus LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 31, 1870, p. 49. * Unio capiijliolo KUSTER (part). Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 125, pi. xxxiv, figs. 5, 6. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXV, fig. 392. *DUPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 645, pi. xxvi, fig. 19. * Unio heldi KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. Ill, pi. xxx, figs. 5-7. *DROUET, .11. de Conch., XXIX, 1881, p. 26. *WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 80. * Unio liuurians KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 119, pi. xxxn, fig. 5. * WEST ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 94.* P/KTEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. 1 Knster gives several figures of what he supposes are requieni. Part of them are turtoni, and one is possibly elongatitlus Pfeiffer. 2 It is hard to tell just what this is. It is probably a delicate, rather compressed batarun. 3 According to Lea and Westerlund this=^batavii8. 700 PROCEEDINGS OF Till'. .Y.l 77O.Y.I /. Ml SEUM. 1'iiin l->-rironh-in KUSTBH, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1*51, p. 120, }>1. xxxin, figs. 1-3. WKS i EKI.UND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1-S90, p. 5)6. * Unio natolicus KUSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 144, pi. XLII, tig. 1. I'niu litrnots KUSTKK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 267, pi. xc. ligs. 3, 4. I'tiio mcrdiger KKKVK. Concb. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvin, fig. 145." Europe; Asia Minor; Northwest Africa. Section LAPIDOSUS Simpson, 1900. (Type, 1'iiio Jaj>idosus Kobelt. 2 ) Shell inequilateral, subtriangular ovate, large, solid, slightly inflated, with a double posterior ridge, triangulate behind ; beaks high, sculpture not seen; disks strongly, irregularly sulcate; epidermis olive; three thick psendocardinals in the right valve and two in the left; laterals strong; anterior muscle scars deep, tripartite; posterior scars deep, distinct; nacre rosy white, irridescent behind. Animal unknown. UNIO LAPIDOSUS Kobelt. ' Cnio lapidosus KOBEI.T, Nacb Dents. Mai. Ges., 18M3, ]>. 151; *Icon., new ed., VI, 1893, p. 90, pi. CLXXVI, fig. 1120. *DKOUKT, .11. ].\<;s or mi: \.rrio.\.i/. Mi'si.i M. 256. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176, pi. \x, fig. 32. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63. *KusTKii, Conch. Cab., 1818, p. 142, pi. XLH, fig. 1. * H. and A. ADAMS, (Jen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. li7. GHENT, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxn, figs. 5, 5, 51>; Manual, 1859, II, p. 142, fig. 702. *SO\VEKIJY, Conch. Icon., XVI. 1868, pi. LXXV, fig. 387. 1>. II. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * FISCHER and CUOSSE, Miss. Sci., II, 1't. 7, 1894, p. 580, pi. LXV, fig. 2; LXX, figs. 2, 2a. Marnaron ( Unio) pliciferitH LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 31. Ciiio plexus CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 89, pi. XLIX, figs. 1, 2; *Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. Vera Cruz, Mexico. t UNIO CROCODILARUM Morelet. I 'nio crocodilarum MOREI.ET, Test. Nov., I, 1849, p. 28. " REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. x, fig. 37.* P.KTEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 149.* FISCHER and CHOSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 577, pi. LX, fig. 3; LXVII, fig. 3. .' / nio rnsticus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIV, fig. 324. Rio Usuinacinta, (luatemala. UNIO MORINI Morelet. I'nio moriiii MORELET, Test. Nov., II, 1851, p. 24. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 576, pi. LX, fig. 2; LXVII, fig. 4. Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. UNIO SEMIGRANOSUS von dem Busch. * Unio semigranosus VON DEM BUSCH (in Philippi), Abbild. uud Besch., I, 1845, p. 19, pi. I, figs. 1-3. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. (i 1. * CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 381, pi. xx, fig. 33.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Uuio, 1861, p. 252, pl.LXXXV, fig. 1. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. v FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 569. % Margaron ( Unio) semigranosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 34. I 'nio carbon a i-ius var. semirjranosus P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. Mexico, Vera Cruz to Tarapico. t UNIO CORIUM Reeve. 1 " Unio corium REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. x, fig. 39. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149.* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 570. State of Chiapas, Mexico. UNIO TESTUDINEUS Morelet. * Unio lestudineus MORELET, Test. Nov., I, 1849 p. 28.- FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 571, pi. LXII, fig. 3; LXX, fig. 3. ' Unio nemigranosus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. x, fig. 36. Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 1 Probably a mere variety of aemif/ranosus. It is quite likely that when a sufficient amount of material is examined this and some other species of this group will have to be placed in the synonymy. 2 Fischer and C rosso think that textudincus is perhaps only a local race of semiyra- nosus. I think it is quite likely they are right. NO. 1205, Sl'XOl'SIS OF THE XAIADKSSlMrSoy. 703 tUNIO PSORICUS Morelet. * Unio psoricua MORELKT, Test. Nov., J't. 2, 1851, p. 25.' * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 572, pi. LXI, tig. 2. Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. (Group of I'nio yibbosus.) Shell solid, compressed or inflated, triangular ovate to elongate ovate, arcuate when old, gibbous above, pointed or slightly biaugulate behind, with a moderate posterior ridge; beaks low, the sculpture con- sisting of a few very strong ridges which run parallel with the growth lines; epidermis dull and clothlike; pseudocardinals strong, rough; laterals granular or vertically striated, club-shaped; beak cavities very shallow ; one or more slight furrows or ridges occur in the cavity of the shell which run nearly parallel with the laterals; muscle scars very deep and distinct. Marsupiuui occupying the entire outer gills; branchiju- large, curved below, inner the wider except at the posterior end, free from the abdominal sac only part of their length; mantle very thin, with thick- ened edges; branchial opening generally large. tUNIO GIBBOSUS Barnes. * Unio nasuta LAMARCK/ An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 538; 3d eel., II, 1839, p. 669. * Unio nasutus AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 50. * Unio gibbosus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 262, pi. xi, fig. 12.'* HlL- DRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 286. SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 78. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842,. p. 207; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pi. xx, fig. 54. *CATLOW and REEVE/Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 28, pi. iv, ligs. 3, 4. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll. ,11, 1857, p. 491.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon, XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIII, fig. 379.* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 42.* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 50. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153.* BAKER, Moll. Chicago, 1898, p. 70, pi. xiv, figs. 3, 4 ; xv, figs. 1-4. Margarita Unio yibbosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. * Mar (jar on (Unio) glbbosus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. * Mya fjibbosa EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220. * Unio mucronatua BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 266, pi. xm, fig. 13 (out- line). * AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 50. * Mya mucronata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. 1 Probably another variety of semigranosus. -This name was given by Lamarck to the species under consideration before that of Barnes, but Say had already used the name nasutus for a Unio, hence gibbosus must be used. 3 In 1820 Rafinesque bestowed the name Amblema gibbosa on someunionoidmollusk which I can not determine. Since then Conrad in 1836, and others after him, have used the specific name as of Ralinesque and applied it to a Unio, which they have figured and described. Barnes applied the name in 1823, properly characterizing it, and it must stand, because at that time it had not been used in the genus Unio. 704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL .l/L r .S'AT M. * Unto (lihilattis SAY,' Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.* FERI-SSAC, Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 27. * CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, ]>. 42, pi. xxi. "KrsTER, Conch. Cab.Tnio, 1852, p. 38, pi. vi, fig. 4.* CONRAD, Pr.Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, VI, 1853, p. 248. * Unio tortilonns FERUSSAC, Oner. Mag., 1835, p. 28. * Unio arclatus FERI'SSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835. p. 29. *t Unio arctior LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc , VI, 1838, p. 10, pi. iv, fig. 10; 2 Obs., II, 1838, p. 10, pi. iv, fig. 10. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234. *HANLEY, Test. JVIoll., 1842, p. 208; - Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pi. xxn, fig. 46." CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 56. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Uiiio, 1861, p. 17!t, pi. LVI, tig. 6.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.* CIIKM , 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxi, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.* f SOWFRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXV, fig. 2. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. "Margarita (Unio) arctior LEA Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. *Margaron ( Unio) arctior LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 71. tUNIO GIBBOSUS var. ARCUS Conrad. * Unio areas CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 340, pi. L, fig. 8 ; *NewF. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 1898. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pi. xxni, fig. 46. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245." H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888." P^TEL, Conch. Sani., Ill, 1890, p. 144. * Margarita ( Unio) areas LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. *Marya'ron ( Unio) arena LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. tUNIO GIBBOSUS var. SUBGIBBOSUS Lea. Tnio aubgibboaua LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; Jl. Ac. N. Sci- Phila., IV, 1858, p. 53, pi. vi, fig. 36; Obs., VI, 1858, p. 53, pi. vi. fig. 36. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mua., XV, 1892, p. 432, pi. i.xxvin, fig. 5. *Marf/aron ( Unio) subyibbosHS LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. * Unio lazarus SOWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVIII, fig. 348. * t Unio rufns LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171 ; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 85, pi. xvn, fig. 65; Obs., VI, 1858, p. 85, pi. xvn, fig. 65.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) rufus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. fUNIO GIBBOSUS var. ARMATHWAITENSIS B. H. Wright. *Unio gibbosus var. armatlncaitens'w B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 123. :! tUNIO GIBBOSUS var. DELICATUS Simpson.' Entire Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence and its tributaries; Ala- bama River system; southeast into Florida; southwest to the Guada- lupe Elver, Texas. 'As of Rafiuesqne. I am unable to make out Rafinesque's species. 2 Merely a form with white nacre. 3 These three are dwarf varieties of gibbosvs. All are often more or less humped, and there are many intermediate and connecting specimens. 4 A greatly compressed, thin variety, with an evenly elliptical outline and very dark nacre may bear this name. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OL< THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 7Q5 tUNIO STONENSIS Lea. * Unio stonensls LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286 ; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1841, p. 195, pi. vin, fig. 5; Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 33, pi. vin, fig. 5. "CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxix, tigs. 7, la, 76.* Sow- EKBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pi. LXXXVI, fig. 462.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Mar gar on (Unio) stonensis LEA, Syn., 1852; 1870, p. 43. Stone Kiver, Tennessee. t UNIO LURIDUS Lea. *Unio luridus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 273, pi. xx, fig. 29; Obs., V, 1852, p. 29, pi. xx, fig. 29.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila , VI,' 1853, p. 251 ; * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. *Margaron ( Unio) luridus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48. Yadkin River, North Carolina; Georgia; Florida. (Group of Unio discus.) Shell large, solid, compressed, subtriaugular; biangulate behind; beak sculpture not seen ; beaks high, but not swollen ; epidermis dark, rough; teeth heavy; laterals remote, club-shaped; nacre white, yel- low or purple. Animal unknown. fUNIO DISCUS Lea. * Unio discus LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 74, pi. xvm, fig. 57 ; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 74, pi. xvm, fig. 51.* TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 237. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 197, pi. xxn, fig. 12. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *CHKNU, 111. Couch., 1858, pi. xix, figs. 6,60, 6&. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. i.xn, fig. 310. 'B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 567. *Margaron (Unio) discus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50. * Unio panacoensis, VON DEM BUSCH in Philippi, Abbild. und Besch., I, 1843, p. 75, pi. n. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, pi. LXXXI, fig. 1. *P.*;TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. *Unio mexicanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LV, fig. 281. Mexico; Central America. (Group of Unio sloatianus.) Shell rhomboid, solid, inflated, with a well-defined posterior ridge and a smaller, fainter one above, the posterior end being distinctly biaugulate, nearly straight or slightly incurved on the base, rounded in front; beaks only slightly elevated; beak sculpture not observed ; surface of the valves covered with somewhat radiately plicate, nodulous corrugations which become less pronounced in front; posterior Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 45 706 PllOCKKDIXGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE I'M. v,.i.. xxn. slope radially plicate ; epidermis dark ; pseudocardinals stumpy, radial, graii ularly striate; laterals double in the left valve, single in the right, with a faint, secondary ridge below; anterior muscle scars deep, nearly smooth ; cavity of the beaks moderate, slightly compressed. Animal unknown. tUNIO SLOATIANUS Lea. *l'nio sloatianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; Tr. Am. Phil. Sex., VIII, 1842, p. 217, pi. xvi, fig. 33; Obs.,111, 1842, p. 55, pi. xvi, fig. 33. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.* CHENU, 111. Conch. 1858, pi. xxxn, figs. 7, 7a, 76.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 286, pi. xcvi, fig. 3. ' B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Marr/aron ( Unio) nloatianus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 21 ; 1870, p. 31. " Fleet o met- it s sloatianus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. * Unio atromarginatus LEA,' Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 207, pi. xiii, fig. 21; Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 45, pi. xm, fig. 21. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 488.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxvin, figs. 6, 6a, Qb. * KUSTER, Couch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 250, pi. LXXXIV, tig. 2. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145. * Maryaron ( I'nio) atromarginatus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 19 ; 1870, p. 29. * Plectomerus atromarginatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. * Unio aratus CONRAD, Ann. and Mag., IV, 1849, p. 302; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila. IV, 1849, p. 154. * Unio plectophorus CONHAD, .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1850, p. 277, pi. xxxvni, fig. 7. * Plectomerus plectophorus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 2. Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia. (Group of Unio crassidens.) Shell generally solid, rather inflated, rhomboid oval, with a sharp, well-developed posterior ridge; beaks prominent, the sculpture consist- ing of a few coarse ridges running nearly parallel with the growth lines and swollen at the posterior ridge; surface of the valves nearly smooth or only marked by growth lines; posterior slope bearing wrinkled, corrugate, radiate ridges; epidermis often faintly rayed. Animal having the branchiae very large, rounded below, inner the larger, free nearly or quite their entire length from the abdominal sac; branchial and anal openings large, with many small papillae ; marsupiuui occupying the entire outer gills. tUNIO CRASSIDENS Lamarck. *Unio crassidens LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 71. * LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 199. *DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 532; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 667. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; ' Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pi. xx, fig. 46.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 58. *H. and A. ADAMS, 'Lea's type of sloatianus is an old, arcuate shell, while the type of atromarginalus is young and quite different looking. But the young plicate (tiromarginatus gradually changes into the smoother sloalianus as it grows older, :md specimens of both show the dark bordered nacre, though it is more pronounced in the young shells. NO. ia5. SYNOPSIS OF THE NA FADES SIM I'SON. 7Q7 Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* CALKINS, Pr. Ot. Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 42. * 15. 1 1. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. * CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci., St. Lonis, VII, 1895, p. 12, pi. n. * Margarita ( Unio)- crassidens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p. 17. *Margaron ( Unio} crassidens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. .' f'nin iiiijra RAFINESQUE, Ann. Geu. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 291, pi. LXXX, figs. 1-4. * Unio ni. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE SAIADESSIMI'SOX. 709 UNIO MASONI Conrad. 1 * Utiio masoni CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 34, pi. v, fig. 2, p. 70. *FER- TSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. CONRAD, Monog., Ill, 1836, p. 28, pi. xn, tig. 2._* MILLER, Syn. Xov. Gen., 1836, p. 204.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201 ; *Bi . Shells, 1843, p. 201, pi. xxm, fig. 18. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 61. *CiiEXi:, Bil>. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 18, pi. n, fig. 1. * KTSTER, Conch. Cab. Uuio, 1852. p. 34, pi. v, fig. 6. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 18o3, p. 252. H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. * Margarita ( Unio) masoni LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23. * Margaron ( Unio) masoni LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55. Savannah Kiver, Georgia. fUNIO FRATERNUS Lea. * Unio fraternus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 263, pi. xvi, fig. 15; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 19, pi. xvi, fig. 15. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 201, pi. LX vn, fig. 2.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. * Margaron ( Unio) fraternus LEA, Syn., 1852. p. 32; 1870, p. 51. Abbeville district, South Carolina, to Columbus, Georgia. fUNIO CONGAR^US Lea. * Unio congaraeus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 72, pi. vi, fig. 4; Obs., I, 1834, p. 82, pi. vi, fig. 4.* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.* FERUS- SAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.* CONRAD, Mouog., Ill, 1836, p. 27, pi. xn, fig. 1.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 200 ; * Bi v. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pi. xxn, fig. 31. *CATLOwrtTidREEVE,Conch.Nom., 1845, p. 57.^* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. in, figs. 5, 5a, 5Z>. *SO\VERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LIX, fig. 296.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PJETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Margarita ( Unio) congaroRxs LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838/ p. 22. * Margaron (Unio) congarceus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. *t Unio fulvus LEA, 2 Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, p. 96, pi. xin, fig. 39; *Ohs., I, 1834 p. 208, pi. xin, fig. 39.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pi. xxm, fig. 32.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 59. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XA r I, 1858, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 483. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. * Margarita ( Unio) fulrus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22. 'Margaron (Unio) fulinis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. Cape Fear River, North Carolina; south to Savannah, Georgia. 'I have never seen this species, but should judge from the figure that it groups with U. crasaidens. 2 The type is a young shell, and is not the same as adult shells which are in the Lea collection under that name. 710 I'l.'OCEEDTNGS OF Till. "NATIONAL M I'SEUM. t UNIO DARIENSIS Lea. * Unio darien sis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 246, pi. xxvi, fig. 61 ; * Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1843, p. 225; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 84, pi. xxvi, fig. 61. * CONKAD. Pr. Ac. X. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. 'H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., 11, 1857, p. 493. *CiiKNC, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxm, figs. 6, Ca, 66. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xci, fig. 494.* B. H. WHIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sara., Ill, 1890, p. 150.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 413, pi. LIII, fig. 2; LIV, fig. 1. * Margaron ( I'nio) dariensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33 ; 1870, p. 54. Southeast Georgia to iiorth Florida. t UNIO MONROENSIS Lea. Unio monroensis LEA, 1 Desc. of 12 sp. of Uniones, 1843, no pagination ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845?, p. 279, pi. XLI, fig. 8; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 37, pi. XLI, fig. 8. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 410, pi. LI, fig. 1. *Margaron ( Unio) monroensla LEA, Syn., 18i'-2, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. Florida. tUNIO HARTWRIGHTI; B. H. Wright. t Unio hartwrighti B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., IX, 1896, p. 121, pi. n, tigs. 4-6. Lake Beresford, Florida. UNIO HINKLEYI B. H. Wright. *Unio hinkleyi B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 117, pi. iv, fig. 3 s ; *Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 423, pi. LXV, fig. 4. Florida. 1 A puzzling form. The type, the only shell in the Lea collection, is rather solid, and the posterior ridge is curved slightly upward in the middle. Other specimens in the museum are less solid, the posterior ridge is sharper, aud straight or curved down in the middle, and there seems to be almost a connection with the very different I', hartwrighti. 2 This name was applied to another species by Newcomb, and was used by Wright in the Check List, by Pa;tel and others, but the form to which it was given was believed to be a synonym of something else, and it was never described. Mr. Wright has again used the name for what is probably a valid species. :> The figure of this shell is not at all accurate, being considerably more blunt posteriorly and inflated below than the specimen sent as the type. It approaches U. monroensis, but is more elongated, and a series of specimens sent by Mr. Wright almost connects it with U. dorei. BO i2o5 syxorsrs OF Tt/ r -: X.UADES siMi'sox. 71 1 tUNIO WEBSTERI B. H. Wright. I'niv websterl B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci Phila., 1888, p. 113, pi. HJ fig. 2 ' j * Check List, 1888. Florida. tUNIO DORSATUS Lea. " Uniodorsatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 160; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 300, pi. XLV, fig. 112; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 60, pi. XLV, fig. 112. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mas., XV, 1892, p. 411. pi. LI, tig. 7; LII, figs. 1, 2. * Mar gar on ( Unio) dorsatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. Catawba River, North Carolina; Florida. tUNIO WACCAMAWENSIS Lea. 2 * Unio icaccamawenfiis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; * Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 16, pi. v, tig. 14; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 20, pi- v, fig. 14." B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) ivaccamaicensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. Waccamaw Lake, North Carolina. (Group of Unio pigerrimus.) Shell rather solid, elliptic rhomboid, somewhat inflated, with a low, rounded posterior ridge, sometimes a little arcuate below, biangulate behind ; beaks full, their sculpture a few coarse ridges which are curved upward and swollen where they cross the posterior ridge; surface concentrically striate and often sculptured with curved, subradiating or zigzag corrugations which have a tendency to break into nodules; epidermis brownish; hinge rather heavy; pseudocardinals stumpy, granular; laterals club shaped; muscle scars well marked. Animal unknown. UNIO PIGERRIMUS Crosse and Fischer. * Unio pigerrimus CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch. XLI, 1893, p. 293. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 582, pi. LXV, figs. 1, la. Mexico. tUNIO MITCHELLI Simpson. "Unio mitchelli SIMPSON (in Dall.), Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 5; Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1896, p. 371, pi. xxxii, figs. l-3. s Southern Texas to New Leon, Mexico. 1 Mr. Wright has sent to the Museum under the above name two quite different forms, neither of which is like the figure. From an examination of the first one sent, an old, worn shell, and the figure, I believed it to be a form of U. obesuv (see Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 428). Specimens sent since by Mr. Weight and said to be typical approach U. Itartwrighti, but are more compressed and elongated. These forms are exceedingly puzzling. 2 An aberrant species. The shell is inflated, thin, and has a strong posterior ridge. It has characters of both the Buckleyi and Crassidens groups. ? Close to pifjerrimus appnrently. nnd inny be but a variety of it; it is a lighter, longer shell, is less sculptured, and does not have a rose-colored nacre. 712 FROCK EIHXfiS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tUNIO IHERINGI B. H. Wright. * Unio iheringi B. H. WRIGHT, Xaut., XII, 1898, p. 93. * SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79, pi. iv, fig. 5. Southern Texas. tUNIO SPHENORHYNCHUS Fischer and Crosse. *Unio sphenorliynchus FISCHER and CROSSK, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 617, pi. LXVI, figs. 2, 2a. Mexico. (Group of Unio liebmanni.) Shell rather solid, inflated, ovate rhomboid or trapezoidal, with a well-developed posterior ridge, pointed at or near the base behind, but not biangulate, nearly straight or slightly incurved below; beaks full, sculpture not seen ; surface smooth or concentrically striate ; epidermis dark, scarcely rayed; hinge rather strong; pseudocardinals heavy, compressed; muscle scars distinct; nacre livid to whitish. Animal unknown. 1 tUNIO LIEBMANNI Philippi. * Unio liebmanni PHILIPPI, Zeits.fiirMal., IV, 1847, p. 96; * Abbild. undBesch., Ill, 1849, p. 109, pi. vi, fig. 1.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 281, pi. xciv, fig. 7. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157.* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 616. * Margaron ( Unio liebmanni) LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. * Unio liebmanni B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Mexico. tUNIO OPACATUS Crosse and Fischer. * Unio opacatus CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 295.* FISCHKR and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 592, pi. LXVI, figs. 1, la. Mexico. (Group of Unio bucTcleyi.) Shell oval, obovate, subtrapezoidal, or elliptical, with a more or less developed posterior ridge, often biangulate behind, compressed or inflated, thin or somewhat solid; beaks generally full, sculptured with several rather strong concentric ridges, which are either nearly paral- lel with the growth lines or slightly doubly looped; posterior slope often faintly wrinkled; epidermis usually smooth and shining in the younger shells, often rough when old, becoming darker with age, rayed when young. Hinge teeth solid or compressed; nacre mostly brilliant, 1 This group is exceedingly close to that of U. buckleyi, according to the shell char- acters, and some specimens of U. liebmanni are so near others of U. buckleyi as to deceive even experts. NO. 1205. svxorsis OF TUI-: \.u.trtES-STMPsnN. 713 of many shades. Animal not differing especially from that of closely related groups. * t UNIO BUCKLEYI Lea. * Uniobuckleyi, LEA, Desc. of 12 Uniones, 1843 (no pagination); *Tr. Ani. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845 ?, p. 276, pi. xxxix, tig. 2; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 34, pi. xxxix, fig. 2. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. T'nio, 1861, p. 177, pi. LVI, fig. 2. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxiv, fig. 175. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* B. H. and S. H. WRIGHT, Conch. Ex., II, 1888, p. 95. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 417, pi. LVIII, figs. 6, 7; LIX, figs. 1, 2; LX, fig. 2. * Margaron ( Unio) buckleyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48. *t Unio buddianus LEA,* Desc. of 12 Unioues, 1843; Tr. Ain. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845,? p. 277, pi. XL, fig. 5; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 35, pi. XL. tig. 5. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 249, pi. LXXXIV, fig. 1.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xx, fig. 88. * B. H. and S. H. WRIGHT, Conch. Ex., II, 1888, p. 95. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * Margaron ( Unio) buddianits LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 52. *t Unio dalli B. H. WRIGHT, 3 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 119, pi. vi, fig. 1. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. t UNIO BUCKLEYI var. ORCUTTIl' S. H. Wright. * Unio orcuttii S. H. WRIGHT, West. Am. Sci., IV, 1888, p. 60, 3 tigs.< Florida. tUNIO JAYENSIS Lea. * Unio jatjensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 28, pi ix, fig. 23; s *Obs., II. 1838, p. 28, pi. ix, fig. 23. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Xaturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pl.xxn, fig. 53. ^CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 60. ^CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p 491. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxn, tigs. 4, 4a, 4fe. * SOWERBY, Conch. 1 The relationship between the Buckleyi, Crassidens, Complanatus, Downiei and Fish- erianus groups is very close. That of Crassidens is characterized by inflated shells with a strong posterior ridge, and wrinkles on the posterior slope; of Buckleyi by a less developed ridge, the absence of strong wrinkles, and a rich, warm texture of shell; of Complanatus by trapezoidal, not greatly inflated shells of dull texture. The species of the Fisherianus gronp have elongated, generally compressed, thin shells, pointed behind, and of the Downiei assemblage solid, inflated shells. But there are many species that are quite negative in characters, and others that com- bine the features of two or more groups, that can not be satisfactorily placed. 2 The type is a large, badly eroded shell, apparently a little injured at the upper, anterior part, and is truncated a little there. 3 The type is a small, old shell, which has become rough and arcuate. "Credited to Manatee River, Florida, Simpson and Miakka Lake, Florida, New- comb, by Mr. Wright. I have never found it in the Manatee River, but obtained it in abundance in Miakka Lake. "'Although the type is very different from that of U. luckleyi the two species ap- proach BO closely that there are specimens which I can not name. 714 pROCKKDixtis or Tin: XJTIO\.-U. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. LX, fig. 301; LXVH, fig. 343.? *P/ETEL, Couch. Ill, 1890, p. 155. * Margarita ( I'nio) jai/ensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24. *Margaron ( Unio) jayenxix LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37. * t Unio prasinntus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., II, 1866, p. 279, pi. xv, fig. 14.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unlo} jayanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. *Uniojayanns B.H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 419, pl.Lxi, fig. 4. * iUnio simpsoni B. H. WRIGHT' ; Check List, 1888. * t rio marshii B. II. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 118, pi. v, fig. 2 ; Check List, 1888. * t Unio tryoni B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 120, pi. vi, fig. 2 ; Check List, 1888. Florida. tUNIO CORUSCUS Gould. * Unio coruscus GOULD, Pr. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1856, p. 15; *Otia Conch., 1862, p. 222.* B. H. and S. H. WRIGHT, Conch. Ex., II, 1888, p. 95. * B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mas., XV, 1892, p. 419, pi. LXIII, figs. 1, 7. * Margaron ( Unio) coruscita LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. t UNIO CORUSCUS var. FRYANUS B. H. Wright. 2 Uniofryanux B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 113, pi. n, fig. 1; Check List, 1888. * t Unio diazensis S. H. WRIGHT,' Naut., X, 1897, p. 5. Florida. tUNIO CUNNINGHAMI B. H. Wright. * Unio cunninghami B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIII, 1883, p. 58, pi. I, figs. 1-4.* A. F. GRAY, Am. Nat., XVII, 1883, p. 1184.* S. H. and B. H. WRIGHT, Conch. Ex., II, 1888, p. 105.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 422, pi. LXV, tig. 6. Florida. tUNIO MICANS Lea. * Unio micawsLEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1&57, p. 85; *J1. Ao. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 59, pi. in, fig. 207; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 63, pi. in, fig. 207." SOWERUY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxv, fig. 182. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sara., Ill, 1890, p. 159.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 423, pi. LXV, fig. 3. * Margaron ( Unio) micans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. * Unio perlucens LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1 From an examination of specimens sent to the U. S. National Museum by Mr. Wright I referred this to U. buckleyi, iu Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, p. 417. The type is now in the U. S. National Museum, and I believe it to be a rather compressed, bright young U.jayensis. 2 A form of coruxcus a little less solid and inflated than the type, and quite brilliant. 3 This name occurs in B. II. Wright's Check List, but the species was not described until 1897. It scarcely differs from U. fryanus. XYXOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 715 VI, 1866 ? p. 18, pi. v, fig. 16; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 22, pi. v, fig. 16.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) perJiicena LEA, Syn., 1K70, p. 45. Korth Carolina to South Georgia and Florida. tUNIO PYGMiEUS Lea. 1 * Unio pygma-us LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 262, pi. xv, fig. 14; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 18, pi. xv, fig. 14; * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) pygmceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. Abbeville District, South Carolina. tUNIO LEHMANII, S. H. Wright. * Unio lehmanii, S. H. WRIGHT, Naut., X, 1897, p. 138.* SIMPSON, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80, pi. iv, fig. 9. St. Marys River, Florida. tUNIO BURTCHIANUS S. H. Wright. * Unio burtchianus S. H. WRIGHT, Naut., X, 1897, p. 137. * SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80, pi. iv, fig. 8. St. Mary's River, Florida. tUNIO CONFERTUS Lea.* * Unio lugubris LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p. 30, pi. ix, fig. 25 ; * Ohs., II, 1838, p. 30, pi. ix, fig. 25. * TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Naturg.,V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235. HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pi. xxn, fig. 9. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 53, pi. xv, figs. 1, la. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.252. *H. and A. ADAMS. Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xx, figs. 3, 3a, 36.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXX, fig. 423. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 424, pi. LXVI, fig. 4 ; LXVII, fig. 1. * Margarita (Unio) lugubris LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24. * Margaron ( Unio) lugubris LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 53. * t Unio confertus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 103, pi. x vi, fig. 47 ; * Obs., I, p. 215, pi. xvi, fig. 47. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 200 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pi. xxm, fig. 34.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxv, fig. 185.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Margarita ( Unio) confertus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31 ; 1838, p. 22. * Margaron ( Unio) confertus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. * t Unio geddingsianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 1840, p. 285 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII. 1842, p. 202, pi. xi, fig. 15 ; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 40, pl.xi, fig. 15." CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxi, figs. 3, 3a, 3&. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. * Margaron ( Unio) geddingsianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 1 Only a single broken right valve of this is in the Lea collection. 2 The name lugubris applied first to this species will have to give way to confertus because Say used lugubris at an earlier date for a Unio. 71 PROCKEIHXCS or nil': XATIOXAL MUSEUM. * Unio limatuhis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1849, p. 154; *Ann. and Mag., IV, 1849, p. 301; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 276, pi. xxxvn, fig. 9; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.-' H. ami A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PVETEL, Conch. Sana., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * Margaron ( Unio) Umatulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 52. * t Unio wlnteianus LEA,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 258, pi. xiv, fig. 8.* Obs., V, 1852, p. 14, pi. xiv, fig. 8. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen., Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888." P^TEL, Conch. Sam.. Ill, 1890, p. 172. * Margaron ( Unio) whiteianits LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. * Unio ribex CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.' * t Unio similis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 91, pi. xix, fig. 71; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 91, pi. xix, fig. 71. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Margaron ( Unio) similis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 52; 1870, p. 53. * t Unio protensus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 88 ; " .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 256, pi. xxxi, fig. 71 ; " Obs., XII, 1869, p. 16, pi. xxxi, fig, 71. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) protensus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. * t Unio radiolus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1871, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 21, pi. vi, fig. 18 ; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 25, pi. vi, fig. 18.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. North Carolina to Florida. tUNIO INSULSUS Lea. * Unio insulsus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 86; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1862, p. 53, pi. i, fig. 199; * Obs.,VIII, 1862, p.57, pi. i, fig. 199. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 422, pi. LXV, figs. 1, 5. * Margaron ( Unio) insulsus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. * t? Unio iHcidus LEA, 2 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866,p. 9, pi. n, fig. 6; "Obs,, XI, 1867, p. 13, pi. II, fig. 6. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. "Margaron ( Unio) lucidus LEA, Syn , 1870, p. 48. " \Unio cistelliformis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 19, pi. vi, fig. 17; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 23, pi. vi, fig. 17. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) cistelliformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. North Carolina to Florida. t UNIO OBNUBILUS Lea. *Unio obnubilus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 84, pi. xvn, tig. 64 ; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 84, pi. x vn, fig. 64. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 424, pi. LXVI, fig. 3. *Mnrgaron (Unw) obniibiliis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. M Unio opacm LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p, 169; * Jl Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 86, pi. xvin, fig. 66; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 86, pi. xvm, fig. 66. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. 1 Conrad here states that his ribex first whiteianns of Lea, and then zeiglerianus of Lea. The latter is totally different from whiteianus. - Very near U. tonfertus. It is probably a delicate, light-colored, rayed insuhus. NO. 1205. S YXOPSIS OF THE X. 1 1 A I> KSSIMTSOX. 7 1 7 *Margaron ( Unio) opacus LEA, .Syn., 1870, p. 52. * t Unio ceqnatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 89, pi. xix, fig. 69; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 89, pi. xix, fig. 69.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) irquatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * \Unio riridicatns LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 87, pi. xvin, fig. 67; * Obs., VI, 1858, pi. xvm, fig. 67. * Margaron ( Unio) viridicatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. *trio hepaticus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, III, 1859, p. 154; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 348, pi. LVII, fig. 173 ; * Obs., VIII, p. 30, pi. LVII, fig. 173. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PYETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Margaron (Unio) hepaticus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * t Unio santee'nsis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I 1871, p. 193.* Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 20, pi. vi, fig. 17; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 24, pi. vi, fig. 17. 'B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *t Unio nolani B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 116, pi. iv, fig. 11; Check List, 1888. South Carolina to Florida. fUNIO FUSCATUS Lea. * Unio fuscatus LEA, Desc. 12 Uniones, 1843 (no pagination). *Tr. Aui. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845?, p. 277, pi. XL, tig. 4; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 35, pi. XL, fig. 4. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *KusiER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1848, p. 203, pi. LXVIII, fig. 2. "REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxi, fig. 95. *PVETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153.' SIMPSOX, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 420, pi. LXIII, figs. 2, 4. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) fuscatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48. Florida. tUNIO OCCULTUS Lea. * Unio occultus LEA, Desc. 12 Uniones, 1843 (uo pagination). Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845?, p. 279, pi. XLI, fig. 7; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 37, pi. XLI, fig. 7;* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 223, pi. LXXV, fig. 3. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161,* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 420, pi. LXIII, figs. 5, 6. * Margaron ( Unio) occultus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 48; 1870, p. 48. Florida. tUNIO ARCTATUS Conrad. * Unio arctatus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 340, pi. i, fig. 9; * New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 36, pi. v, fig. 4, p. 67.* MILLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 200. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pi. xxm, fig. 47. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56. *CHEXU, Bib. Conch., 1st sen, III, 1845, p. 19, pi. in, fig. 10.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 195, pi. LXII, fig. 3.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. * Margarita ( Unio) arctatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. * Margaron ( Unio) arctatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 62. 718 PllOCEEDIXGS OF THE XATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. fUNIO ARCTATUS var. TORTIVUS Lea. * t Unio tortirus LEA/ Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840,p. 287 ; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,VIII, 1842, p. 204. pi. xii, iig. 17 ; Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 42, pi. xn, fig. 17. 'CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p.259. H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,p.493. * CHEXU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxix, figs. 6, 6a, 66.* SOWEKBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvi, fig. 193.* B. II. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S Nat. Mas., XV, 1892, p. 421, pi. LXIII, fig. 8; LXIV, figs. 1, 3, 4. *Margaron ( Unio) tortivus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. * t Unio tetricus LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 195, pi. xxn, fig. 78; " Obs., VII, 1859, p. 13, pi. xxn, Iig. 78. KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 276, pi. xci, fig. 7 ; xcm, fig. 3.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. *Maryaron ( Unio) letricus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. * \Unio puri>nrellm LEA, 2 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 19, pi. xxni, fig. 81; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 16, pi. xxm, fig. 81." B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) piirpureUus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. *t Unio merceri LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; Ml. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 209, pi. xxxi, fig. 278; "Obe., IX, 1863, p. 31, pi. xxxi, fig. 278. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. * Margaron ( Unio) merceri LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. Florida; South Georgia; the type west to the Black Warrior Eiver, Alabama. tUNIO NIGELLUS Lea. * Unio nigellus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 283, pi. xxiv,fig.42; *0bs., V,1852, p. 39, pi. xxiv, fig. 42. *CoNRAD,Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * Margaron ( Unio) nigellus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 53. *t Unio denigratus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 200, pi. xxni, fig. 83; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 18, pi. xxni, fig. 83.' B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 422, pi. LXV, fig. 1. *Margaron (Unio) denigraius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. Chattahoochee River system: south into Florida. t UNIO PINEI B. H. Wright. *Unio pinei B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 40." SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80, pi. in, fig. 1. North Florida. 1 Unio arctatus is a widely distributed, abundant, and variable species, ranging from the Black Warrior River to southern Florida. I have examined a great amount, of material from the Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers (collected by Call), from the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers from the Lea and other collections, and I feel reasonably sure that all the species I have united should <> together. 2 1 believe this to be a small, somewhat inflated form of urctatun. NO i-u, SY \OI\SIS OF THE XJfADESSIlirSOX. 719 t UNIO OSCARI B. H. "Wright. *l~nio oscari B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., V, 1892, p. 124; IX, 1896, p. 122, pi. n, tigs. 1-3. Florida. tUNIO HAZELHURSTIANUS Lea. '" Unio hazelhurstianvs LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Pbila., II, 1858, p. 166; * Ji. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 211, pi. xxvi, fig. 92; * Obs., VII, 1859, p. 29, pi. xxvi, fig. 92.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxv, fig. 188. -* B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.tTEL, Conch, Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Margaron (Unio) liazelhurstianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. Southern Georgia. tUNIO BUXTONI B. H. Wright. *Unio buxtoni B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 55 * SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80, pi. i, fig. 6. Marion County, Florida. tUNIO FERRISSII Marsh. * Unioferrissii MARSH, Naut., V, 1891, p. 30.'* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 423, pi. LXVI, figs. 1, 2. Small creek near Palatka, Florida. tUNIO DOREI B.H.Wright. * Unio dorei B. H. WRIGHT, 2 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 115, pi. in, fig. 1. Lake Monroe, Florida. (Group of Unio striatulus.) Shell subsolid, rhomboid oval, with a well-developed post ridge ending in a point below; beaks full, with numerous subparallel, slightly corrugated, strong ridges; epidermis ray less or faintly rayed, with a few wrinkles on the posterior slope; pseudocardinals stumpy ; laterals straight. Animal unknown. t UNIO STRIATULUS Lea. *Unio striatulus LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; *J1. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 55, pi. n, fig. 202. ' Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 59, pi. n, fig. 202.- * SOWERBY, Conch, Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXII, fig. 367." B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. Margaron (Unio) atriatulus, LEA, Syn,, 1870, p. 37. Roauoke River; Welden and Salem, North Carolina. 1 This was first published in the Joliet Weekly News, a newspaper, May 1, 1891. It is a puzzling form, having something the shape of the variety orcutti of U. buck- leyi, but has plications ou the posterior slope such as are found in the Crassidens group. 2 1 do not know where to place this form, of which I have only seen the type. The figure is not very accurate, aud I formerly thought it a variety of U. buckleyi, but on seeing the type I believe it is uot that. It seems to combine characters of the Buckleyi and Crassiderw groups. 720 i'ii<>fi-;i:i>ix<;s OF THE X.ITIOX IL Mrsi>;rM. VOL.XXH. t UNIO AMABILIS Lea. *rio amahilis LKA, Pr. Acad. X. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 89; * Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 257, pi. xxxi, fig. 72; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 17, pi. xxxi, fig. 72.* B. H. Wright, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) amabilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. Butler, Taylor County, Georgia; North Carolina? UNIO SUBPLANUS Conrad. I'nio xitbplatiHs CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 73, pi. XLI, fig. 1; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, Snpp., 1856, p. 383, pi. xxi, fig. 16. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Uuio, 1862, p. 272, pi. xci, fig. 5. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Margaron (Unio) subplanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. *Unio subplannm SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVII, tig. 252. North Carolina and Virginia. UNIO BRIMLEYI S. H. Wright. *Unio brimleyi S. H. WRIGHT, Naut., X, 1897, p. 138; * SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80, pi. iv, fig. 6. Neuse River and Irwin's Creek, North Carolina. (Group of Unio complanatus.) Shell elongate trapezoidal, moderately solid, but little inflated, nearly straight below, with a posterior ridge, usually biangulate behind; beaks not prominent, sculptured with several coarse, parallel ridges which follow the growth lines or are nearly straight. Epidermis some- times shining and feebly rayed, becoming rough and rayless with age; laterals straight or slightly curved; beak cavities shallow. Animal with the marsupium occupying all or nearly all of the outer branchiaB; gills long, rounded below, inner much the larger, free nearly or quite their whole length from the abdominal sac. t UNIO COMPLANATUS (Solander) Dillwyn.i Mya complanata SOLANDER, manuscript (no date). * PORTLAND catalogue, 1786, p. 100, Lot 2190.* DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p. 51. * Unio complanata DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 559; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 676. 1 This species was described by Solauder in Latin, but the manuscript was never published and is now in the British Museum. Mr. Edgar A. Smith kindly examined it for me and informed me that Dillwyn's description in the catalogue is a transla- tion from Solander. The name Mya complanata was used by Lister in Hist. Sive. Conch. (1770, p. 150), but Lister was not a binomial author. The Portland catalogue is anonymous, and a mere sale list. I have done my best to straighten out the syn- onymy of this variable and exceedingly puzzling group, and have examined nearly all the types and a great amount of material. In some cases, as in the Buckleyi group, there seem to be no specific lines whatever. xo.1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMP SOX. 72] * Unio complanatus FKRUSSAC, Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * GOULD. Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 107, figs. 68-70.* BINNEY, 2d ed., Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 167, fig. 472. *C. B. ADAMS, Thompson's Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 167. * HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199, pi. xxi, fig. 20.* DE KAY, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 188, pi. xxn, tig. 246.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 57.* STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 13.* AGASSIZ, Arch, fur Nat., I, 1852, p. 50.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247. KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 137, pi. XLI, fig. 2. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 86, fig. 181.* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Cl., 1882, p. 49.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* H. CARPENTER, Naut., Ill, 1889, p. 93.* P.E- TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Margarita ( Unio) complanatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30: 1838, p. 22. *Margaron (Unio) complanatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. * lUnio violacem SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk. Ill, 1793, p. 55. * ? Unio purpureus SAY, Nich. Enc., II, 1816, pi. HI, fig. 1; N. Harm. Diss., II, No. 21, 1829, p. 324. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.* SOWERBY, Rich. Faun. Boreali Am., Ill, 1836, p. 316.* L. W. SAY, Terr, and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 7.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVIII, fig. 346. *Myapurpurea EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 2. *fUniopurpurea DESHAYES, Encyc. M6th. II, 1827, p. 151, pi. 249, fig. 5. * Unio rarisulcata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72. *LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 200. DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 534. *Unio coarctata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73. *LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 200. DESHAYES, Encyc. Me"th., II, 1830, p. 581; * An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 535; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668.* ? SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxiv, fig. 178. *Unio purpurascens LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73. DESHAYES, Enc. M6th., II, 1830, p. 581. *LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 200. DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 535; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668. * Unio georgiana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74. * LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 201. DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3ded., II, 1839, p. 668. *Unio rhombula LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668. *Unio rhombula LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74. *LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 200.* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668. *?DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Sam., 1841, pi. xn, fig. 8. * Unio carinifera LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74. * LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 201. DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 176, pi. LVI, fig. 1. *Unio glabrata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.* LEA, Obs., 1, 1834, p. 201. DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 537 ; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669. * Unio sulcidens LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 77. * LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 202. DESHAYES, An. sans Vert.,2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 539; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 670. * ? DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Sam., 1841, pi. xn, fig. 3. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xn. figs. 5, 5a. * Unio virginiana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 79. DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 544; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 671. Unio fluviatilis GREEN, Jl. Mac. Lyceum, 1827, p. 41. * I Unio raveneli CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 39, pi. vi, fig. 4,' p. 71.* FER- USSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * MILLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 206. 1 It is hard to say what this is. The figure is like complanatus, bu t the shell, which is labeled raveneli Conrad and is in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, is like litt/ubris. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 46 722 I'HOGKEDIXGS OF THE .V.I Tiny A I. l/r.v/.VV. VOL.XXII. *CHKXI:, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, p. 9, pi. in, fig. 8. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256. * B. H. WRIGHT, rh.-ck List, 1888. * Margarita (Unio) watereensis LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 31; ' 1838, p. 22. * Margaron (Unio) iratireensiH, LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. * Unio icatereensiK, H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. P,i:n.i., Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. * t Unio yriffithianus, LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 103, pi. xv, tig. 46 ; Obs., I, 1834, p. 215, pi. xv, fig. 46. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199, pi. xxm, lig. 28.* CATLOW andREEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p.59. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,1853, p. 250. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p 493. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 208, pi. LXIX, fig. 2.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 449.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Margarita ( Unio) griffithianus, LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31 ; 1838, p. 22. * Margaron ( I'nio) griffithianus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 52. *t Unio planilaterus, CONRAD, Monog., XII (no date after 1838), p. 103, pi. i.vn, fig. 1; Pr.Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. 8am., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Margaron (I'nio) planilaterus, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. * t Unio fuUginosus, LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 78, pi. vii, fig. 19. *iUniorttfu8culu8~LKA., Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 258, pi. xiv, fig. 7; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 14, pi. xiv, fig. 7.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIII, fig. 377. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.*;TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. * Margaron (Unio) rufnaculus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. *Mya rigida WOOD, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 200, pi. i, snpp. fig. 10. * t Unio abbeviUensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 84 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 51, pi. vi, fig. 34; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 51, pi. vi, fig. 34. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 143. * Margaron ( Unio) abbeviUensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * Wnio contracts LEA, Pr.Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; \Jl.Ac.N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 203, pi. xxix, fig. 272; *Obs., IX, p. 25, pi. xxix, fig. 272. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) contractus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. * iUnio virens LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 80, pi. xvi, fig. 60; *<)bs., VI, 1858, p. 80, pi. xvi, fig. 60. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) rirens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * \Unio savannahensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 81, pi. xvi, fig. 61 ; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 81, pi. xvi, fig. 61. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) sarannahensis LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. * iUnio subflavus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 90, pi. xix, fig. 70; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 90, pi. xix, fig. 70. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) subflavus LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 52. * \Unio neusensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 41; * Jl. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., V, 1859, p. 60, pi. iv, fig. 208; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 64, pi. iv, fig. 208.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) neusensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 1 Lea changed the name raveneli to watereensis, because the name rarenelianus had In en applied by him to a Unio. 200. SYNOPSIS Of THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 723 nio rsactits LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 41; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 62; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 66, pi. iv, fig. 210. *B. H. WRIGHT, Che<-k List, 1888. Maryaron ( Vnio) exactus LEA,Syn., 1870, p. 43. * t I'nio rosivellensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 165; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, IV, 1859, p. 205, pi. xxiv, fig. 87; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 23, pi. xxiv, fig. 87. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) rosweUensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. * t Unio postellil LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 165; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 214, pi. xxvi, fig. 94; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 32, pl.xxvi, tig. 94. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVII, p. 255.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Maryaron ( Unio) postellii LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 51. t I'nio baldwinensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 170; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 330, pi. LI, fig. 155; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 12, pi. LI, fig. 155. * B.H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Maryaron (Unio) baJdwinensis LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. * t Unio raeensis LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 171 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., . IV, 1860, p. 331, pi. LII, fig. 156 ; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 13, pi. LII, fig. 156.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) raeensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. *]Uuio quadratus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 172; *M1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV. 1860, p. 338, pi. LIV, fig. 163; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 20, pi. LIV, tig. 163.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. "Maryaron ( Unio) quadratus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 54. * t Unio squamcits LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 391; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 200, pi. xxvni, fig. 269; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 22, pi. xxvin, fig. 269. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. ^Maryaron ( Unio) squameus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. *Unio liigubris KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 234, pi. LXXIX, fig. 1. * \Unio weldonensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 11, pi. in, fig. 8; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 15, pi. m, fig. 8. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) weldonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. *iUnio gastonensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 20, pi. vi, fig. 18; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 24, pi. vi, fig. 18. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Maryaron ( Unio) gastonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. * t Unio aberrans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 7, pi. i, fig. 3 ; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 11, pi. i, fig. 3.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) aberrans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * t Unio mecklcnbergensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 17, pi. v, fig. 15; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 21, pi. v, fig. 15. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Margaron ( Unio) mecklenbergensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. * \Unio mleiyltensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 6, pi. i, fig. 2; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 10, pi. I, fig. 2.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Maryaron ( Unio) raleiyhensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. *tZ7nio mediocris LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 24, pi. vn, fig. 22; * Obs., XI. 1867, p. 28, pi. vn, fig. 22. * Maryaron ( Unio) mediocris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * \Unio indefinitus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 15, pi. iv, fig. 12; *0bs., XI, 1867, p. 12, pi. iv, fig. 112. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 724 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XA 77O.Y. I /. .V I >7 UM. * Margaron ( Unio) indefinitus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 'WJnio humerosus LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.. XII, 1868, p. 161; * JI. Ac. N. Sci. Thila., VI, 1868, p. 301, pi. XLV, fig. 113; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 61, pi. XLV, li-r. 113. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Margaron ( I'nio) humerosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. "t Unio bearcrensi* LEA, 1'r. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 161; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 297, pi. XLIV, fig. 109. * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 57, pi. XLIV, fig. 109.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) beavcrenscs LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * I'nio Heart-reuses P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * ? Unio neglectus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXV, fig. 329. * l'io tortuosus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. Lxv, fig. 330. *PJKTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Unio uliareenifis LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 304, pi. XLVI, fig. 116; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 63, pi. XLVI, fig. 116.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. "Margaron (Unio) iiharcensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * t Unio nubilus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 161 ; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 298, pi. XLIV, fig. 110; *Obs., XII, p. 58, pi. XLIV, fig. 110. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) nubilus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. *t Unio yadkinensis LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 32, pi. x, fig. 29 ; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 36, pi. x, fig. 29. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * t Unio ampins LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 39, pi. xin, fig. 36; "Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 43, pi. xin, fig. 36. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. "t Unio ligatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 49, pi. xvn, fig. 47; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 53, pi. xvn, fig. 47; * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. MTwio 8fyjara?7e/M LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 46, pi. xvi, fig. 44; Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 50, pi. xvi, fig. 44. "B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * t Unio incincnsis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 44, pi. xv, fig. 42; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 48, pi. xv, fig. 42.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * \Unio curratus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; *Jl.Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 38, pi. xni, fig. 35; *Obs., XHI, 1874, p. 42, pi. xm, fig. 35. " \Unio subsquamosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 47, pi. xvi, fig. 45; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 51, pi. xvi, fig. 45. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * t Unio infuscus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 51, pi. xvn, fig. 49; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 55, pi. xvn, fig. 49. "PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. *\Unio rains LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 52, pi. xvin, fig. 51; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 56, pi. xvm, fig. 51; *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. * t Unio basalis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 161; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 48, pi. xvi, fig. 46; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 52, pi. xvi, fig. 46. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * \Unio sHbolivaceus LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1873, p. 422; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 57, pi. xx, fig. 56; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 61, pi. xx, fig. 56. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * \Unio infulgens LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1873, p. 422; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 60, pi. xxi, fig. 59; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 64, pi. xxi, fig. 59. *B. H. WRIGHT. Check List, 1888. NO. 1203. SY\IU'SIH or Till-: S. HADES ,S/.l//'.vo.Y. * t Unlo cirratHx LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1873. p. 422 ; .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 55, pi. xix, fig. 53; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 59, pi. xix, lig. 53. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * \Unio corneas LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1873, p. 423; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 59, pi. xx, fig. 58; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 63, pi. xx, fig. 58. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *t Unio inrenustus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1873, p. 424; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 66, pi. xxn, fig. 62; *Obs., XIII, 1874; p. 70, pi. xxn, fig. 62.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *iArconaia procanuheriana PILSBRY, Nat. Canadienue, XX, 1890, p. 171; "Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Pbila., 1892, p. 132, pi. vn, figs. 4-6.' fUNIO COMPLANATUS var. JEJUNUS Lea. * Unio jejunus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 9, pi. iv, fig. 9; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 9, pi. iv, fig. 9. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Xat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199, pi. xxn, fig. 47. "CATLOW aud REEVE, Conch. Noiu., 1845, p. 60.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 265, pi. xc, fig. 1. *?SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVIII, fig. 347. 2 * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * Margarita ( Unio) jejunus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 22. * Margaron (Unio) jejunus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. *MJnio percoarctatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 85; *.T1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 59, pi. HI, fig. 206; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 63, pi. in, fig. 206. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI. 1866, pi. LIV, fig. 277.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Margaron ( Unio) percoarctatus LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 51. fUNIO COMPLANATUS var. QUADRILATERUS Lea. * Unio squalidus LEA, in part, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 22, pi. vn, fig. 20; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 26. pi. vn, fig. 20.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 429, pi. LXXI, fig. 14. * Margaron ( Unio) sqitalidna LEA, Syn., 1870, p 51. * t Unio quadi-ilaterus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; Jl. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 5, pi. i, fig. 1; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 9, pi. i, fig. 1. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) quadrilaterus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. Atlantic drainage from the St. Lawrence to Georgia; west in the British possessions to Manitoba? tUNIO CATAWBENSIS Lea. * Unio ivheatleyi LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1857, I, p. 85 ; 3 * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 54, pi. i, fig. 200; Obs., VIII, p. 58, pi. i, fig. 200.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * Margaron ( Unio) catawlensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 1 Said to come from Yamaska River, China. The type is a twisted Unio complanatiiH, probably from Canada. 2 In errata he savs this is depressus of d'Orbigny, not Lamarck. It is hard to say what it is. 'Preoccupied by Lea and changed by him to cataivbensis. 726 PROCEEDINGS or rin: NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOI..XXH. * Unio rostrum LEA, Pr. Ac.N. Sci. PhiIa.,VIII, 1861, p. 391 ; *.)!. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 201, pi. xxix, iig. 270; Obs., IX, 1863, p. 23, pi. xxix. fig. 270.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Maryaron ( Unio) rostrum LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. * t Unio oblonyus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 52, pi. XVIH, fig. 50; Obs., XIII, 1874. p. 56, pi. xvm, fig. 50. North Carolina. fUNIO TUOMEYI Lea. v Unio tuomeyi LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 256, pi. xin, fi-. I : < >1>8., V, 1852, p. 12, pi. xin, fig. 4.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam.. Ill, 1890, p. 170. * Maryaron (Unio) tuomeyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. *t Unio barmttii LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 256, pl.xm, fig. 5; *Obs.,V, 1852, p. 12, pi. xin, fig. 5.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245. *H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) barrattii LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 245. * Unio barrolti P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145. *t Uniopullatm LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 57, pi. vin, fig. 39; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 57, pi. vm, fig. 39. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1871, p. 247, pl.Lxxxm, fig. 3. *SOWEHHY. Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVI, fig. 335. M3. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * IVKTEL, Conch Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * Maryaron (Unio) pnUatiis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. * t Unio sublatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 82, pi. xvi, fig. 62; Obs., VI, 1858, p. 82, pi. xvi, fig. 62. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) sublatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. * t Uniofumatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 88, pi. xvm, fig. 68; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 88, pi. xvin, fig. 68. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) fumatiis LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 52. * t Unio viridiradiatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 154; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 336, pi. LIII, fig. 161; * Obs., VIII, p. 18, pi. Lin,fig.l61. * B.H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Maryaron ( Unio) riridiradiatits LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. *Wnio riridans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 170; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 337, pi. Liv,fig. 162; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 19, pi. LIV. lis., V.III, 1860, p. 17, pi. LIII, fig. 160. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. *Margaron ( Unio) rerutus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. " t Ciiio cliathamensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191 ; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. 1'hila., VI, 1866, p. 21, pi. vi, fig. 19; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 25, pi. vi, fig. 19. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Margaron ( Unio) chath amen sis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. * t I'nio hastatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Pbila., Ill, 1873, p. 423; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 56, pi. xix, fig. 54; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 60, pi. xix, fig. 54. 'B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *t6 7 mo dooleyensis LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1873, p. 424; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 64, pi. xxn, fig. 60; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 68, pi. xxn, fig. 60. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *WJnio(jesnerii'LE\, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 111,1874, p. 424; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 65, pi. xxn, fig. 64; ^Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 69, pi. xxn, fig. 61. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIV, fig. 446. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. North Carolina to Alabama. tUNIO OCMULGEENSIS Lea. * Unio ocmulgeensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 38; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 95, pi. xiv, fig. 243; *Obs., VI11, 1862, p. 99, pi. xiv, fig. 243. *Srars >x, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 424, pi. LXVII, fig. 5. M3. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. "Margaron (Unio) ocmulgeensw LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. Georgia. tUNIO AQUILUS Lea. * Unio aquilus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Set. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 172; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 92, pi. xx, fig. 72; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 92, pi. xx, fig. 72. MJ. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. *Margaron (Unio) aquilus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. South Georgia and northern Florida. tUNIO ICTERINUS Conrad. * Unio icterinus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, pi. vi, fig. 5, p. 69. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.* CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 39, pi. xvm, fig. 2. *MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 206. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 20, pi. i, fig. 5.* CON RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Wnio fuliginosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 78, pi. vn, fig. 19; * Obs., IV., 1848, p. 52, pi. vn, fig. 19. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. TJETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. * Margaron (Unio) fuliginosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. * \Unio cuvierianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1852, p. 263, pi. xvi, fig. 16; Obs., V, 1852, p. 19, pi. xvi, fig. 16. "CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. TJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. ^Margaron ( Unio) cuvierianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. M Unio curatus LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 728 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL Ml'SKI'M. TOL.XXU. VI. 1866, p. 23, pi. vu, fig. 21; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 27, pi. VH, fig. 21.-*!'. It. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P/KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p.149. "Mart/aron (Unio) curatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. * t Unio daius LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,XII, 1868, p. 161; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 299, pi. XLIV, fig. 3; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 59. pi. XLIV, fig. 3.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P*:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. *Mar\. 729 1888. * P-ETEL. Concli. Sam., Ill, 1890, ]>. 155. " SI.MPSON, Pr. IT. S. N.-if. Mua., XV, 1892, p. 412, pi. ui, fig. 3; i.m, fig. 1. * Margarita ( Unio) hopetonensis LKA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21. 'Martjaron ( Unio) hopetonensis LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. Georgia, in streams flowing into the Atlantic; San tee Canal, South Carolina; northern Florida. fUNIO LIVINGSTONENSIS Lea. * Unio living stonen sis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, p. 192 ; * JI. Ac. N.- Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 14, pi. iv, fig. 11; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 18, pi. iv, fig. 11. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) livingstonensi* LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. North Carolina to Georgia. fUNIO INUSITATIS Lea. * Unio inusiiatis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 171 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.333, pi. LII, fig. 158; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 15, pi. LII, iig. 158. *Margaron ( Unio) inusitatus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. *Unio insitatns B: H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Georgia. tUNIO DIFFERTUS Lea. * Unio differtm LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 42, pi. xiv, fig. 39; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 46, pi. xiv, fig. 39. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Georgia. |UNIO PLANTII Lea. *Unio plantii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 192, pi. xxi, fig. 76; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 10, pi. xxi, fig. 76. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 473. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., 1888. *Hargaron ( Unio) plantii LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. Flint .River, near Macon, Georgia. tUNIO STRUMOSUS Lea. *Unio strumosm LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; III, 1873, p. 423; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 57, pi. xix, tig. 55; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 61, pi. xix, fig. 55. M3. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Yadkin River, North Carolina. tUNIO PURUS Lea. *Unio pwus LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 41; Ml. Ac. N. Sci Phila.., V, 1862, p. 61, pi. iv, fig. 209; *Obs., VIII. 1862, p. 65, pi. iv, fig. 209. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) purus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. Neuse Kiver, near Raleigh, North Carolina. 730 ]'i;. 196, pi. xxn, fig. 79; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 14, pi. xxn, fig. 79. *B. H. WKKIHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) subniger LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. Georgia. tUNIO BURKENSIS Lea. Twio burkensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. '112; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 215, pi. xxvn, fig. 95; *Obs.,VII, 1859, p. 33, pi. xxvn, fig. 99. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) biirkensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. * t Unio disniniilis LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II. 1872, p. 161; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874,p. 53, pi. xvm, fig. 52; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 57, pi. xvm fig. 52.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. North Carolina; south to Georgia. tUNIO OBLATUS Lea. *Unio ablatiis LEA,' Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193. Unio oblatus LKA, .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 13, pi. iv, fig. 10; *Obs. XI, 1867, p. 17, pi. iv, fig. 10. * Margaron ( Unio) oblatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. Long Creek, Gaston County, North Carolina. tUNIO ERRANS Lea. t Unio paliatus RAVENEL, letter. 2 * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * Margarita ( Unio) paliatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31; 1838, p. 22. * Margaron ( Unio) paliatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. * Unio palliatus RAVENEL, Cat., 1875, p. 57. 3 * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, CoricTi. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * Unio errans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 60, pi. ix, fig. 42; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 60, pi. ix, fig. 42. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) en-ana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. *tf7nioficinuLEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 61, pi. ix, fig. 43; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 61, pi. ix, tig. 43. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) ricinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. Near Macon, Georgia; South Carolina. 1 So written in first description. A typographical error, probably. Dr. Lea after- wards changed the name to oblatus. 2 Dr. Lea credits this to Ravenel's letter, but neither he nor Ravenel ever described it so far as I know. 3 Ravenel here credits this species to Lea. Lea's specimens, received from Ravenel, are marked Santee Canal and South Carolina. They are rather thin and delicate, of a peculiar texture, and have a shining brownish green epidermis. NO. 12ns. SYXOPSIS OF THE XJfADEXSfMPSOX. 731 tUNIO SAGITTIFORMIS Lea. 1 * Z7n<0.sa<7iyoraisLEA,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.. X, 1852, p. 277, pi. xxn, fig. 35; *Obs.,V, 1852, p. 33, pi. xxn, fig. 35. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Pbila.,VI, 1853, p. 257. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. * SOWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcn, fig. 499.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. * Margaron ( Unio) sagittiformis LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60. Oconee liiver, Georgia; Abbeville, South Carolina. tUNIO ANGUSTATUS Lea. * Unio angustatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 114, pi. xvn, fig. 43; * Obs., I, 1834,p. 124,pl. xvii,fig. 43.* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells,1834, p. 67.* FERUS- SAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 98, pi. LIV, fig. 2.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204, pi. xxn, fig. 25. *CATLO\vand REEVE,Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. * CHENU, 111. Conch. 1858, pi. xiv, figs. 1, la, 16. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 178, pi. LVI, fig. 4.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXII, fig. 372.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sani., Ill, 1890, p. 144. * Margarita ( Unio) angustatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35 ; 1838, p. 23. * Margaron ( Unio) angustaim LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 57. * t Unio extensus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 68, pi. xn, fig. 49; *Obs., VI, 1868, p. 67, pi. xn, iig. 49. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron extensus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. * t Unio subcylindraceus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1873, p. 422 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 58, pi. xx, fig. 57; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 62, pl.xx, fig. 57. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. South Carolina to western Georgia. tUNIO PERSTRIATUS Lea. * Unio perstriatus LKA., Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 255, pi. xn, fig. 3; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 11, pi. xn, fig. 3.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcn, fig. 500.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Margaron ( Unio) perstriatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36 ; 1870, p. 57. * t Unio yracilentus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 85; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 58, pi. in, fig. 205; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 62, pi. in, fig. 205.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) gracilentua LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. * t Unio perlatuH LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci., VI, 1866, p. 15, pi. iv, fig. 13 ; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 19, pi. iv, fig. 12." B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) perlatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. North and South Carolina. 1 A very singular shell, much cut away at the anterior base, and, perhaps, abnormal. 7,")!' i'i;<>< I:I-:I>IM;S or THE \ATIO\AL MCSI:I .)/. fUNIO NAVICULOIDES Lea. * Unio nanntloidesLEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,IX, I8nl, p.170; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 94, pi. xx, fig. 74; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 94, pi. xx, fig. 74. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( I'nio) nariculoides LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. Georgia. fUNIO SORDIDUS Lea. * Unio sordidus LEA, Tr. Ain. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 254, pi. xn, fig. 1 ; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 10. pi. xn, fig. 1.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 1853, p. 257. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Margaron ( Unio) sordidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. * t Unio r/ibbefiianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 254, pi. xn, fig. 2 ; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 10, pi. xn, fig. 2.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) gibbesianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. Abbeville, South Carolina. t UNIO SPADICEUS Lea. * Unio spadiceus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, 1, 1857, p. 86; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 55, pi. i, fig. 202; * Obs., VIII, 1862, pi. i, fig. 201. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) spadiceua LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 48. North Carolina. fUNIO STRIGOSUS Lea. * Unio strigosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 198, pi. ix, fig. 9; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 36 pi. ix, fig. 9.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 258. *H. and A ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II., 1857. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1&58, pi. xxx, figs. 6, 6a, 66. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) strigosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 57. Southwest Georgia; southeast Alabama. tUNIO LAZARUS Lea. 1 *Unio lazarus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., XI, 1852, p. 259, pi. xiv, fig. 9 ; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 15, pi. xiv, fig. 9.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. *H. and A. ADAMS. Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * Margaron ( Unio) lazarus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. Abbeville district, South Carolina. (Group of Unio doirniei.) Shell subtrapezoidal, inflated, solid, truncate and more or less trian- gular behind, sometimes swollen in the postbasal region, with a well- 'A peculiarly compressed, arcuate form. Some specimens of U. arctatus approach it closely. No.1205. SYNOPSIS OF Tin-: \.ir.ti>/:sSTMPSOX. 733 developed posterior ridge; beaks full, their sculpture not observed; epidermis smooth and shining in the young shell, becoming duller and roughened when old; hinge moderately strong; pseudocardinals radial, roughened ; laterals heavy, somewhat remote, curved ; there is a more or less developed secondary lateral in the right valve; dorsal scars few, in a row just behind the pseudocardinals and fully exhibited on the inner edge of the shallow beak cavity; nacre dull: muscle scars distinct, smooth. Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills; inner gills free from the abdominal sac apart of their length; palpi rather small; mantle line thick on the border. fUNIO DOWNIEI Lea. * Uniodoicniei LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 166; Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila,., IV, 1859, p. 210, pi. xxv, fig. 91; Obs., VII, 1859, p. 28, pi. xxv, fig. 91. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icou., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVIII, tig. 350. * 13. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 413, pi. i,v, figs. 1-3; LVI, fig. 5. * Margaron (Unio) doioniei LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. Southern Georgia; north Florida. fUNIO GEMINUS Lea. * Unio geminus LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. PhiLx, 1858, p. 63, pi. X, fig. 45; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 63, pi. x, fig. 45.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) yeminus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. * t Unio satillaensis LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 166; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 216, pi. xxvn, fig. 9G; Obs., VII, 1859, p. 34, pl.xxvn, fig. 96.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) satillaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. . Georgia. fUNIO LECONTIANUS Lea. * Margarita ( Unio) lecontianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. *Unio lecontianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 40, pi. xn, fig. 35; * Obs., II, 1838, fig. 40, pi. xn, fig. 35.* TROSCUEL, Arch. fiirNaturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 236. "HANI.EY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188, pi. xxn, figs. 11, 51. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 60. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. "CiiENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxiv, figs. 6, 6a, 66. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XXXIH, fig. 173. * B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *!\*:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. *Margaron ( Unio) lecontianus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. *Unio contrarius CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1849, p. 153; *Anii. and Mag., IV, 1849, p. 301 ; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850, p. 276, pi. xxxvn, fig. 7; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247. Georgia. PROCEEDINGS or THJ: NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. fUNIO SPISSUS Lea, * Unio spissu* LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 112; *J1. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 208, pi. xx v, fig. 89 ; * Obs., VII, 1859, p. 26, pi. xxv, fig. 89. * SOWERBY, Conch. lion.. XVI, 1868, pi. i.xxxvm, fig. 476.* 15. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890. p. 168. *Margaron (Unio) spissus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. Georgia. (Group of I'niofisheriantiN.) Shell elongated, rather thin,- subcompressed, pointed behind and sometimes slightly biangulate 5 posterior ridge generally well developed ; beaks low, the sculpture consisting of a few coarse, slightly irregular ridges which run nearly parallel with the growth lines, generally heavier where they cross the posterior ridge; epidermis sometimes rayed, shining; pseudocardinals usually compressed; laterals long, straight, and lamellar; beak cavities very shallow and containing two or three dorsal scars at some distance behind the beaks; muscle scars well marked, the posterior ones elongated; nacre generally dull. Ani- mal with the gills greatly elongated, inner the larger, more or less free from the abdominal sac ; marsupium occupying nearly or quite the whole length of the outer branchia*; palpi elongated; mantle thin, thicker on the edge. tUNIO LANCEOLATUS Lea. * Unio lanceolalus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1828, p. 266, pi. in, fig. 2 ; * Obs., 1. 1834, p. 8, pi. in, fig. 2.* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. TERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * CONRAD, Monog. Ill, 1836, p. 32, pi. xiv., fig. 2. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; *Biv. Shells., 1843, p. 204, pi. xx, fig. 60; xxn, fig. 26. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. *CHENU, 111., Conch. 1858, pi. vm, fig. 1, la, 16. *KUSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 204, pi. Lxvm^fig. 4.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLIII, fig. 236. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * Margarita ( Unio) lanceolatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 24. *Margaron ( Unio) lanceolatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 57. *Unio lanceolata DESHAYES, Enc. Me"th., II, 1830, p. 585; * An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 547 ; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672. North Carolina; Virginia. |UNIO VIRIDULUS Lea. 1 * Unio viridulm LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; *J1. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 10, pi. in, fig. 17; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 14, pi. m, fig. 17. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) viridulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 58. Neuse Eiver, near Ealeigh, North Carolina. 1 A young shell, no doubt, which in texture and appearance is much like U.danceo- latus, but is bright green and not so pointed behind. xo. r.t 5. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSOX. 73f) tUNIO PRODUCTUS Conrad.' Unio product un CONRAD, Monog., Ill, 1836, p. 31, pi. xiv, fig. 1.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 205 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205, pi. xxni, fig. 17.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn. ,1845, p. 63. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 66, pi. xvi, fig. 2.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETKL, Conch Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * Margarita ( Unio) productua LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24. * Margaron ( Unio) productus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60. * Unio barrotii KUSTER. Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 189. pi. LIX, fig. 6. North Carolina; Virginia; Maryland. tUNIO NASUTULUS Lea. (Emend.) * I'nio nasiitilus - LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192. * Unio nasutulus LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 12, pi. in, fig. 9; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 16, pi. in, fig. 9.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio} nasutuJus LEA. Syn., 1870, p. 60. 3 Livingston's Creek, Brunswick County, North Carolina. tUNIO FISHERIANUS Lea. * I'nio fisherianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 8, pi. iv, fig. 8; *ObS., II, 1838, p. 8, pi. iv, fig. 8. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt.2, p. 234.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pi. xxn, fig. 52. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xx, figs. 4, 4, 46. *KCSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio., 161, p. 205, pi. LXVIII, fig. 6. "REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxiv, fig. 113. *HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 90, fig. 187. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. * Margarita ( Unio) fisherianus LKA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24. * Margaron (Unio) fisherianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60. * Unio nasutus CONRAD (part), 1 Monog., II, 1838, pi. xvin, fig. 1. Virginia; Maryland; Pennsylvania, in the Atlantic drainage. t UNIO EMMONSII Lea. * Unio emmonsii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 86; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 56, pi. n, fig. 203 ; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 60, pi. n, fig. 203.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) emmonsii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. North Carolina. 1 1 have seen a large number of specimens of what I suppose is this, none of which exactly agree with Conrad's figure and description, but which I cannot refer to any- thing else. * So written ; no doubt a typographical error. 3 Probably only a variety of U. productus Conrad. 4 Conrad's first two figures (under fig. 1) are certainly U. fisherianus, the third is a female nasutus. 736 viuH-KKiuM'.s <>r THE X.ITIOXAL MUSEUM. tUNIO DISPALANS B.H.Wright. I'nln tl\ni>alanx B. H. WI:I<;IIT, Nautilus, 1899, p. 50. t UNIO SUBINFLATUS Conrad. * rnio xuUnflatus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 97, pi. uv, fig. 1 ; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam.. Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Marf/aron (rnio) Kiibintlatux LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. South Georgia; Florida. t UNIO AHENEUS Lea. f'nio aheneus LEA, Desc. 12 Uniones, 1843 (no paging) ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846, p. 280, pi. XLI, tig. 9; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 38, pi. XLI, fig. 9.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec.Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvi, fig. 194. * B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.KTi:r., Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. * SIMPSON, Pr. I". S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 431, pi. LXXII, tig. 6. * Margaron ( Unio) ahcneus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60. Florida. tUNIO WALTONI B. H. Wright. * Unio waltoni B. H.WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 114, pi. n, fig. 3 ; * Check List, 1888.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 431, pi. LXXIII, fig. 7. Florida. tUNIO ATTENUATUS Lea. * Unio attennatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 41, pi. xiv, fig. 38; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 45, pi. xiv, fig. 38. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Georgia. fUNIO ROSTRjEFORMIS Lea. * Unio rofstra'formis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262. * Unio rostriformis LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.. IV, 1858, p. 64, pi. x, fig. 46; *Obs., VI,1858, p. 64, pi. x, fig. 46." B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) rostriformis LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. * \Unio maconensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1857, p. 172; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p.93,pl.xx, fig. 73; Obs., VI, 1858, p. 93, pi. xx, fig. 73. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) maconensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. Georgia. UNIO DUTTONIANUS Lea. *Unio duttoniamis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1841, p. 31; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 236, pi. xxii. fig. 50; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 74, pi. xxn, fig. 50. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. *CiiENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. x xxn, figs. 4, 4, 4fc. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xci, fig. 492. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) dultonianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 57. * Unio dnttonianus P^TEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. Ogeechee Canal, Savannah, Georgia. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 737 fUNIO FOLLICULATUS Lea. * Unio folliculatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1858, p. 38, pi. xi, fig. 33; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 33, pi. xi, fig. 33.* TROSCHEL, Arcli. fur Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 236.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204, pi. xxn, fig. 55. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 59. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 249.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxm, figs. 4, 4, 4/>. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 202, pi. LXVII, fig. 4.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xci, fig. 493.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. * Margarita ( Unio) folliculatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. * Margaron (Unio) folliculatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 57. * t Unio exacutus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 45, pi. xv, fig. 43; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 49, pl.xv, fig. 49. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * t Unio rostellum LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 44, pi. xv, fig. 41; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 48, pi. xv, fig. 41. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Georgia. fUNIO SHEPARDIANUS Lea. * Unio shepardianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 95, pi. xm, fig. 38 ; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 207, pi. xai, fig. 38.* CONRAD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 70, pi. xxxix. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203, pi. xxm, fig. 25.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 65, pi. xvi, fig. 1.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila,, VI, 1853, p. 257. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.* ?CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 139, fig. 647. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xix, fig. 90.* B. H. WRIGHT, 'Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Margarita (Unio) shepardianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. * Margaron (Unio) shepardianns LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 57. * Unio sheppardianus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. Altai ii a ha Biver, Georgia. (Group of Unio popeii.) Shell elongated, narrowed in front, and biangulate behind, with the base slightly sinuate, feebly silicate; beaks not prominent, sculptured with rather fine, somewhat broken, often faint ridges, which have a ten- dency to fall into two rounded loops; pseudocardinals compressed, high, sharp, ragged; laterals long, slightly curved; cavity of the beaks shal- low; cicatrices not deep. The shell is only a little thickened in front, and that of the female is slightly swollen at the posterior base. Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole length of the outer gills; ovisacs not separated by a sulcus; gills long, inner a little the larger throughout, generally free their whole length from the abdominal sac; palpi enormous, wide, oval, slightly pointed behind, united two- thirds of their length to the mantle; mantle double on its edge; bran- chial opening large. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 47 738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. TOL.XXII. |UNIO POPEII Lea. * rio popeii LEA, Pr. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 102; *J1. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., l\, 1858, p. 372, pi. LXVI, fig. 197; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 54, pi. LXVI, fig. 197. * Unio popei SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXI, fig. 430. * B. JI. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 605. * Margaron ( Unio) popeii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. South Texas ; northeast Mexico. fUNIO POEYANUS Lea. * Unio poeyanus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 85; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 3-">, pi. xxxn, fig. 30; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 315, pi. xxxn, fig. 30. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xc, fig. 486. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164.* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 606. * Margaron ( Unio) poeyanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. Eio de las Balsas, near Coyucan, Mexico. UNIO VER^-PACIS Tristram. * Unio verat-pacis TRISTRAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, Pt. 3, p. 414. l *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 620. Guatemala, Department of Vera Paz. Section CANTHYRIA Swainson, 1840. Shell inflated, suboval, spinose, with a high, rather sharp posterior ridge, above which it is somewhat truncated, the posterior slope being sometimes slightly wrinkled ; beaks rather compressed, the sculpture not seen; epidermis smooth and shining, variegated with angular blotches; hinge sharply curved at the center; pseudocardinals rather compressed ; laterals short, remote, the hinge plate narrowed ; beak cavi- ties rather deep. Animal with the roarsupiuin occupying the whole of the outer gills, forming a smooth pad; branchiae very large, round below, inner the larger, free nearly their whole length from the abdominal sac; palpi large; mantle double on its edge, sometimes with a few papillae in front of the branchial opening; branchial opening small; superanal opening colored inside. 2 t Unio spinosus LEA, Desc. of New Sp. Unio, 1836, colored figs. ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 57, pi. xvi, fig. 50; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 57, pi. xvi, fig. 50. * JAY, Cat., 1839, p. 113, pi. \, figs. 1, 2. * TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 236. *HAjnasY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 182; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pi. 'Only a Latin description was given by Tristram, and the species is not identifi- able. It is probably close to U. popeii, and may possibly be that. 2 Notwithstanding the remarkable character of well-developed spines on the only species of this group, U. spinosus, the animal even when gravid does not present any striking peculiarities, and is certainly a Unio. I have seen one or two specimens of the spinosus with only one spine on one valve and none on the other, and one in the Lea collection without spines. No.1205. SYNOPSIS Of THE XATADES SIMPSfiy. 739 xxni, fig. 56. *CATLO\V anil REEVE, Conch. Noin., 1845, p. 64. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. *KrsTER, Conch. Cab. Uuio. 1856, p. 167. pi. XLIX, fig. 1. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxn, figs. 6, 6a, 6fc. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLIX, fig. 261. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. 'Margarita ( Unio) spinosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17, colored plate; 1838, p. 16. *Margaron (Unio) spinosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 35. *Canthyria spinosa SWAINSON, Tr. on Mai., 1840, pp. 276,378. *AGASSIZ, Arch. fiirNat.,1, 1852, p. 44. Cnio xpinosa GOODRICH, 111. Nat. Hist., II, 1859, p. 523, fig. Altamalia River, Georgia. Section UNIOMERTTS Conrad, 1853. (Type, rnio tetralasmus Say.) Shell trapezoid, with a rounded posterior ridge, and pointed or feebly triangulate behind ; beaks not prominent, sculptured with 10 to 15 curved, rather strong, concentric ridges, which sweep decidedly upward behind, where they are drawn somewhat closely together; epidermis generally rayless, often clothlike; pseudocardinals usually compressed; laterals delicate, slightly curved; muscle scars large, shallow, nacre generally lurid. Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole length of the outer branchi;t, pad-like; gills large, inner the larger, free nearly or quite the length of the abdominal sac; mantle generally rather thick, thicker and double on the edge. fUNIO TETRALASMUS Say. * Unio tetralasmus SAY, Am. Conch., Ill, 1830, pi. xxni. 1 *FERUSSAC, Oner. Mag., 1835, p. 26. * DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 555; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 674. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pi. xxni, fig. 49. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. 'CiiENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 52, pi. x, figs. 1-3. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. 1 An abundant, widespread, and very variable species, and if there were no con- necting links it would be easy to make a half dozen species out of it. The first described is the Unio tetralasmus Say, an elongated, rather smooth, more or less shin- ing form, of which excultua, jameaianus, parallelus, subcroceus, and symmetricus seem to be synonymous, varying a little in form, color, and smoothness. The variety camp- todon of Say is quite rhomboid, and is a rather rough, dark shell, and U. symmetricus is practically synonymous. Variety decliris is peculiarly drawn out at the post basal point. Variety manuoius is a large, rather smooth form, rounded on the basal line. All these are Southern and Southwestern forms. Variety sayi is a yellowish shell, with very distinct rest marks, and has a more northern distribution than the rest, but it absolutely blends into them. Ward sent a description of his U. sayi to Tappan, who published it in the American Journal of Science and Arts under date of 1839. In Part XI of the Monography, dated November; 1838, Conrad describes Unio sayanus (changed to sayi in his notes) and refers it to Ward in the American Journal of Science and Arts of 1839. There is some mistake in these dates. In giving the synonymy it is hard to tell in all cases just what authors have meant. 740 PROCEEDINGS OF TTIK \ATIOXAL MUSEUM. "Margarita (Unio) tetralasmus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21. ' Murgarcn ( Unio) tetralasmiis LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. * Unio excultus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 99, pi. LIV, fig. 1; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Philsi., VI, 1853, p. 249.* PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. * \tlnio jHirallelus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1841, p. 20; * Jl. Ac. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 179. ' * t I'nio symmetric!!? LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1853, p. 73, pi. iv, fig. 11; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 47, pi. iv, fig. 11. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Hargaron ( Unio) symmetric^ LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 52. * t Umoporrectus CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 296, pi. xxvi, fig. 7.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * t Unio subcroceits CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, p. 297, pi. xxvii, fig. 1. * Unio jamesianm LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84 ; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1-'5S, p. 53, pi. vi, fig. 35; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 52, pi. vi, fig. 35. *B.H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Hargaron ( Unio) jamesianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. fUNIO TETRALASMUS var. CAMPTODON Say. * Unio camptodon SAY, Am. Conch., V, 1832, pi. xni. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pi. xxi, fig. 17.* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 53, pi. xiv, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. *CATLOW and REEVE, Couch. Norn., 1845, p. 56. x CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXX, fig. 356. "B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P;ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * STEARNS, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 105. * Margarita (Unio) camptodon LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21. * Hargaron ( Unio) camptodon LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. * \Unio geometricus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1832, p. 38, pi. iv, fig. 10; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 150, pi. iv, fig. 10. tUNIO TETRALASMUS var. MANUBIUS Gould. * Unio manubius GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1856, p. 229; *Otia Conch., 1862, p. 218. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 592. * Margaron ( Unio) manulnus GOULD, Syn., 1870, p. 54. * Unio manubrius P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. tUNIO TETRALASMUS var. DECLIVIS Say. Unio declivis SAY, Transylvania Jl. IV, 1831, p. 527; * Am. Conch., Ill, 1832, pi. xxxv. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.* DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 556; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 675.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pi. xxni, fig. 50." CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 46, pi. xm, figs. 1, la, 16. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 60, pi. xiv, fig. 1.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 1 This name had been used by Sowerby for a fossil Unio, and Conrad subsequently changed it to porrectus on that account, but Sowerby had also used that name for a Unio. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON, 741 Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * Margarita ( Unio) declivis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22. * Margaron ( Unio) declivis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. UNIO TETRALASMUS var. SAYI Ward. *Unio sayi WARD (in Tappan), Am. Jl. Sci., XXXV, 1839, p. 268, pi. in, fig. 1. CONRAD, Mouog.. XI, 1838?, p. 102, pi. LV, fig. 2. 1 * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 246, pi. LXXXIII, fig. 1. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. * Unio sayanus B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Unio eleotrinus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxv, fig. 121. *P/ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. Lower Mississippi drainage north to about latitude 40 ; Ohio River system; Alabama River system and southwest through Texas into northern Mexico. Not reported, so far as I know, from the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers. tUNIO COLUMBENSIS Lea.- *Unio columbensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 75, pi. xiv, fig. 55; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 75, pi, xiv, fig. 55. " B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) columbensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. *Unio columMensis P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. Chattahoochee River, Georgia, west to Little Patsaliga Creek, Ala- bama. tUNIO OBESUS Lea. *? Unio carolinensis Bosc, s Hist. Nat. de Coq., 1824, III, p. 139, pi. xxm, fig. 2. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1843, pi. xvm, fig. 4.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246. MZThio obesus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 96, pi. xin, fig. 26; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 106, pi. xm, fig. 26. * CONRAD, N. F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. *HAN- MBY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pi. xxn, fig. 34. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nora., 1845, p. 61. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492." CHENU, 111. Conch., 185, pi. xvm, figs. 4, 4a, 4&. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 196, pi. LXIII, fig. 2.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvm, fig. 84. * ?SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvin, fig. 212. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161.* SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 428, pi. LXVIII, fig. 6; LXIX, figs. 1, 2, 4; LXXI, fig. 3. * Margarita ( Unio) obesus LEA, Syn., 1836, p; 30; 1838, p. 21. * Margaron ( Unio) obesus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. 1 Unio sayanus on plate, U, sayi in note. 2 This species almost merges into obesus on the one hand and the southern forms of tetralasmus on the other. The distribution of obesus is eastern, that of tetralasmus western, while columbensis occupies a central position in streams of the Gulf drainage. 3 It is impossible to tell from the very poor figure what this is. Lea thinks it is Margaritana margaritifera, but Bosc did not visit any region where that species is found, and the figure seems to show lateral teeth. It is quite probably U. obesus. I think Lea's name had better be used. 742 PBOCEEDjy&S OF'THS NATIONAL MrxKUM. VOL.XXII. * Unio (ledivis (.'<>M:.\I>, Mouog., V. IXii!. p. 15, }>]. xxm, fig. 1. M Unio'ineptus LEA. Tr. Am. Phil. Soe.,X, 1*52, p.L'tM. ..'. \v. fig. 12; * Qbs.. V, ]>52, p. 17. pi. xv, fig. 12. M'ONHAD. I'r. Ar:nl. X. Sci. Phila.. VI. 1853, p. 250. "H. and A. ADAMS. Gen. Rec. Moll.. II, 1857, p. 494. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List. 1888. T.KTEL. Conch. Sam. .III. J90 p. 1",. Murgnron filial inejilux LEA. Syu.. lS52.p. lil ; 187i>. p. 50. *t Unio hcbes LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.. X, 1852, p. 267, pi. xvm, fig. 21 ; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 23, pi. xvm, fig. 21. * CONRAD, Pr. A . V Sci. Phila., VI, 185:;, p. 250. 'H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moil. ,11, 1857, p. 494. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List. 1S8X. ^ P.KTEL, Conch. 8am., Ill, 1890. p. 151. Mnrgaion . I'nio hebes LEA, Syn.. 1852. p. 2b: 1870. p. 51. I'nio nrularis COXRAD. Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. * CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1*54, p. L'96. *t / 'nio cicur LEA. Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.. V. 1861, p. 39; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 93, pi. xm, fig. 241. Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 96, pi. xin, fig. 241. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Uio cicur LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 52. l'n'\n xi/Hulidus LKA. ( part Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., XV. 1863, p. 192. * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866. p. 22. pi. vn, fig. 20; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 26, pi. vn, fig. 20. ^B. H. WRIGHT. Check List, 1888. * Afargaron ( I'nio) squalidus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. * t rniojewettii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81 ; * Jl. Ac, N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 276. pi. xxxvn, fig. 89; *Obs., XII, 1869, p, 36, pi. xxvn, fig. 89. * B. H. W RIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Uiiio i jewettii LEA, Syu.. 1870, p. 51. * U'nio paicensis LEA, J Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila.. XII, 1868, p. 161; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci Phila.. VI, 1868.p. 302, pi. xi.v. fig. 114 ; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 62, pi. XLV, fig. 114.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unin txi ><'<' HI n LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. *iUnio rivicoliis COXRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., IV, 1868, p. 280, pi. xvm, fig. 4. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. MUNIO OBESUS var. BLANDINGIANUS Lea. Unio Wandingianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p, 101, pi. xv, fig. 44; 3 *Obs., I, 1834, p. 213, pi. xv, fig. 44. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * CONRAD. Monog., V, 1836, p. 46. pi. xxm, fig. 2.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 200 : * Biv . shells, 1843. p. 200, pi. xxn, fig. 1. * CATLOW aud REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 56. Ki STER, Couch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 36, pi. vi, fig. 2. * COXRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * SOWKRBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 186<>, pi. xxxv, fig. 187.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List. 1888." S. H. WRIGHT, Conch. Ex., II, 1888, p. 95. * P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * Margarita (Unio) IJandiiigianns LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 32: 1838, p. 22. * Margaron (Tnio) l>ltidingianua LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870. p. 54. "Under this name Dr. Lea has certainly described t\v> species, a heavy quadrate. form biangnlate behind, with purple uacre a variety of complanatiis aud another which is, no doubt, U. obesus, aud is the shell figured. -A rough, apparently diseased obcsits. "A decidedly trapezoidal form with cloth-like, dark epidermis, possibly worthy of a varietal name. The transition to the typical state is, however, very complete. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 743 * t UNIO OBESUS var. PALUDICOLUS Gould. * Unio paludicolus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1845, p. 53. * GOULD, Otia. Couch., 1852, p. 197.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) paludicolus LEA, Syri., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. * f'niopaludicolor CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 254. *P,fcTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. Southern Virginia southward in streams draining into the Atlantic, and throughout the peninsula of Florida. tUNIO BISSELLIANUS Lea. * Unio bissellianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 277, pi. xxxvn, fig. 90; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 37, pi. xxxvn, fig. 90.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * Margaron (Unio) Mssellianus LEA, Syn., 1890, p. 50. BisselFs Pond, Charlotte, North Carolina. tUNIO SUBLURIDUS Simpson. * Unio suUuridus SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 432, pi. LXXIII, figs. 3,4. Orange Springs, Marion County, Florida. I can not be certain as to the relationship of this species, as the beaks are eroded in the only shells I have seen. Section MICRONAIAS Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio aratus Lea. ) Shell small, oval, a little produced near the posterior base, with a moderate posterior ridge and pointed near the base behind ; beaks rather prominent, the sculpture being apparently rather fine, irregu- larly concentric ridges, having a tendency to fall into two loops 5 the whole surface strongly and closely concentrically ridged; pseudocardi- nals compressed, high, slightly curved upward; laterals compressed, curved; beak cavities moderately deep; nacre whitish; anterior muscle scars deep, rough; posterior well marked. Animal with the marsupiuin pad-like, occupying all but the extreme posterior part of the outer gills ; branching elongated, wider behind, inner the larger throughout, free from the abdominal sac or united to it; 1 palpi large, rounded behind; mantle with thickened border; anal opening crenulate. 1 In some specimens free throughout; in others entirely united. 744 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATTONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII, fUNIO ARATUS Lea. I'nio uratus LEA, Disc. 12 Uniones, 1843; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845, p. 282, pi. XLII, fig. 12 ; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 40, pi. XLII, fig. 12.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * SOWERIJY, Concb. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIV, fig. 320. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P/ETEL, Conch. Sam.. 111,1890, p. 144. * Margaron ( Unio) aratus LKA, Syu., 1852, p. 28 ; 1870, p. 35. Central America. fUNIO GRANADENSIS Lea. * Unio granadensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 293, pi. XLII, fig. 103; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 53, pi. XLII, fig. 103. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) granadensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Lake Nicaragua. The following species are of Rafinesque, but 1 am utterly unable to make anything out of them : Unio dilatata, elliptica, fasciata, fragilis, levigata, nervosa, viridis, zonata, all in Monograph, 1820; also Unio bicolor, calendis, castaneus, cMoris, diapkamis, fontinalis, fulvus, lasmabrachys, montanus, pallens, platioluS) rivularis, rimosus, teneltws, venus, all in Continuation of Monograph, 1831. Other indeterminate Unionidmof Kafinesque are: Amblema antrosa, costata, gibbosa, olivaria, rubra, torulosa; Lasmonos fragilis; Obovaria obovalis, pachostea; Obliquaria triangularis, attenuata, atroviolacea, bidlata, cliffordiana, cuprea, cyplila, ellipsaria, fasciolaris, flava,flexuosa, lateralis, lineolata, nodulata, obliquaia, pusilla, quadrula, sintoxia, sin- uata, subrotunda, all in Monograph, 1820. Bariosta diploderma, pon- derosus, mttatis; Epilobasma biloba; Toxolasma cinerescens, cyclips, flexm, in Continuation of Monograph, 1831. The following are also indeterminate and spurious Unios : Unio tahetianus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. Is probably U. taitianus Lea. Unio largillierti PHILIPPI, Menke's Zeits., 1847, p. 94. Unio musicus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., Ill, 1793, p. 67. Unio radula SAY, N. Harm. Diss., 1829, p. 323. Unio plomlarius VILLA, Disp. Couch. Terr. Fluv., 1841, p. 62. Unio pequottianus LINSLEY, Am. Jl. Sci., 1845, p. 277. Unio iridescens CONRAD, Cov. of Monog. No. 11. Unio angusta LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80. Unio conus SPENGLKR, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., 1792. Unio delpUnus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., 1793, p. 63. Unio doumcti LETOURNEUX and BOURGNIGNAT, Prod. Mai. Tunis., p. 163. Unio distortits BEAN, Ann. and Mag., 1836, p. 376, fig. 53. Unio iiber CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., II, p. 279. Mya olorata SOLANDER, Portland Cat., p. 100. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 745 Genus PLEUROBEMA (Rafinesque, 182O) Agassiz. (Type, Unio clava Lamarck. 1 ) Pleurobema RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., Brux, 1820, p. 313. Shell solid, triangular to rhomboid, usually with a prominent umbonal region; beaks at or near the anterior end of the shell, incurved and pointed forward over a small but well developed lunule; beak sculpture coarse, consisting of a few irregular, often broken ridges, which curve upward posteriorly; posterior ridge present, but low and rounded; epidermis showing the rest periods plainly, tawny to olive, often orna- mented with rays which show a tendency to break into square spots; hinge rather strong, the plate generally narrow; pseudocardinals tri- angular, ragged; laterals reaching nearly or quite to the pseudocar- dinals, double in both valves, in the right valve the inner being smaller; muscle scars deep, the posterior rounded; cavity of the beaks shallow; nacre silvery ; male and female shells essentially alike. Animal having the inner gills much the larger, rounded below, free from the abdominal sac for a part or all of their length; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills, the ovisacs in some cases seeming to be arranged in pairs; animal generally yellowish to salmon red, some- times more or less brown or blackish. (Group of Pleurobema clava.) Shell solid, triangular; beaks high, generally anterior; beak sculp- ture consisting of three or four broken, coarse, irregular ridges; epider- mis yellowish or tawny, marked with broken green rays which show a tendency to form square spots; pseudocardiuals often somewhat length- ened and more or less parallel with the laterals. Animal having the inner gills the larger except at the extreme pos- terior end, free nearly or quite their whole length from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills; branchial opening rather large, with small papilla ; anal opening with minute papillae or crenulations. Animal dirty whitish to salmon. t PLEUROBEMA CLAVA Lamarck. *Unio clava LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74. *DESIIAYES, An. sans Vert., 2ded., VI, 1835, p. 537 ; 3ded., II, 1839, p. 669.* CONRAD, Monog., 1,1835, p. 5, pi. in, fig. 1. *FERUSSAC, Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 28. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. 1 1 regret that I have not been able to examine more of the animals of this group, especially those of the gravid females. The shells on the one hand approach very close to those of Quadrula in appearance, and to Unio on the other hand. But all of them have shallow beak cavities, while those of Quadrula are deep, and the embryos of Pleurobema are contained in the outer gills only. The shells are generally more solid and more triangular than those of Unio, and the pattern of coloring is different from that of either genus. It stands between the two genera. I place Unio cesopus and varicosus in Pleurobema with some hesitation, though in a specimen of the former containing comparatively few embryos there were none in the inner gills, and their beak cavities are shallow. 746 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXIL N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 216. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 39, pi. vii, fig. 2. *SO\VEKBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIX, fig. 354. * Pleurobema clava A<;ASSIZ, Arch, fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 49. * Unio clarus REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 117, pi. LXXXVIII, fig. 3. * HAN- LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pi. xx, fig. 52. *CAT- LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57. MI. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.495. *B. II. WIUCIIT, Check List, 1888. P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * CALL, Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 9. pi. i. * Margarita ( Unio} davits LEA, Syn.. 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. * Margaron ( Unio) darns LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. * t Unio patulus LEA,' Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1829, p. 44, pi. xn, fig. 20; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 55, pi. xn, fig. 20. * CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 92, pi. L, fig. 2. *HANLEY,Test.Moll., 1842, p. 187; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pi. xxn, fig. 27. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857. p. 495." CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvi, figs. 6, 6a, 66. *KrsTEit, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 259. pi. LXXXVII, fig. 5. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * Margarita ( Unio) patulus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. * Marf/aron ( Unio) patuhis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. * Unio cuneattis SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. Reported from Iowa City, Iowa; St. Peter's River, Minnesota, and from Nebraska. t PLEUROBEMA MACULATA Conrad. * Unio maculatm CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 30, pi. IV, fig. 4, p. 70. * FERUSSAC, Gner. Mag., 1835, p. 29. MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 202. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203." CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60. * CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845. p. 17, pi. in, fig. 7. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 216, pi. LXXII, fig. 2.* B.H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. * Margarita (Unio) macidatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. * Margaron (Unio) maciilatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38. 2 Tennessee River system. t PLEUROBEMA HOLSTONENSIS Lea. 3 *Unio holstonensis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 212, pi. xv, fig. 27; *0bs., Ill, 1842, p. 50, pi. xv, fig. 27. *HAN- 'No specimen in the Lea collection exactly agrees with the figure of this species and Lea gives no exact locality for the type; but from a careful study of his shells and the figure and description I am convinced that it is a somewhat compressed form of the very variable dava, which has rather low beaks, that are not placed as far for- ward as usual. There seems to be a complete set of intermediates. 2 Dr. Lea is inclined to believe (see above citation) that Conrad's Unio maculaliis is the same as his own rarenelianns, and if this were the case Lea's name should have precedence. From an examination of specimens in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences and Conrad's figure and description, I am forced to differ from Dr. Lea, as I consider the species close to Lamarck's clavus. 3 The type, a young shell, is certainly the same as Unio Jawii, and there does not seem to be any material difference between it and the types of U. bellitlns and mnndus. The figure is hardly accurate. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 747 LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxn, figs. 1, la, !&. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 287, pi. xcvi, fig. 4. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) liohionensis LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. * Unio mundus LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 83; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 40. pi. xiv, fig. 38; *0bs., XI, 1867, p. 44, pi. xiv, fig. 38. *REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvi, fig. 72.' *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P;ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. *Margaron (Unio) mundus LEA, Syn.. 1870, p. 40. \*Unio lawi LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871. p. 189; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 8, pi. n, fig. 4; *0bs., XIII, 1874, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 4. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. \*Unio ixittinoidex LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 193; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, VIII, 1874, p. 16, pi. iv, fig. 12; "Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 20, pi. iv, fig. 12. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. t * Unio Mlulus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 161 ; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 50, pi. xvn, fig. 48; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 54, pi. xvn, fig. 48. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Tennessee River system. t PLEUROBEMA BOURNIANUS Lea. * Unio boiirnianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 213, pi. xv, fig. 28; *Obs., Ill, p. 51, pi. xv, fig. 28. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxvin, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * Maragron (Unio) bonrnianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. Sciota River, near Chillicothe, Ohio. t PLEUROBEMA EDGARIANUS Lea. *Unlo c(l III, 1874, p. 10, pl.i, fig. 2. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Tennessee. tPLEUROBEMA ABACUS Haldeman. 2 * Unio abacus HALDEMAN, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 202. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI., 1853, p. 244. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 143. 'Margaron (Unio) abacus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38 Tennessee and southwest Virginia. 1 The only specimen I have seen (the type) is a young shell, which I can not refer with certainty to any other species. 2 As this species was not figured and I have not seen the type, I am nnable to be absolutely certain what it is. In the Lea collection are four specimens labeled " Unio abacus Hald.," which are close to appressus. 750 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUST. I'M VOUXXH. tPLEUROBEMA SWORDIANA S.H.Wright. * I'nio 8icordianu8 8. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 4. 1 * Pleurobema swordiana, SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 1'hila., 1900, p. 81, pi. iv, fig. 4. Head waters of the Tennessee River. tPLEUROBEMA TUMESCENS Lea. * Unio tumevcens LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 71, pi. in, fig. 7; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 45, pi. in, fig. 7.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 259. * H. ami A. AI>AMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.496. * B.H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. * Margaron (Unio) .tumescens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. t * Unio radioeus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 13, pi. in, fig. 9; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 17, pi. in, fig. 9. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, Tennessee. The localities, Alexandria, Louisiana, of Lea, for the type, and Ouachita River, Arkansas, given by Call, are open to doubt. tPLEUROBEMA DOLABELLOIDES Lea. * Unio dolabeUoides LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 215, pi. xv, fig. 31 ; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 53, pi. xv, fig. 51. *CON- RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxix, figs. 4, 4a, 46. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 214, pi. LXXI, fig. 3. * SOWKRBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvn, fig. 205.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * Margaron ( Unio) dolabelloides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35 ; 1870, p. 56. t * Unio thorntonii, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 83 ; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 38, pi. xiv, fig. 36; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 42, pi. xiv, fig. 36. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Margaron ( Unio) thorntonii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56. t * Unio mooresianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1857, p. 83 ; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 39, pi. xiv, fig. 37; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 43, pi. xiv, fig. 37. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) mooresianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. *Unio moorenianus P.-ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. t * Unio rccurvatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1, 1871, p. 192 ; Ml. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 10, pi. n, fig. 6; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 14, pi. n, fig. 6. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. }*Unio circumactus LEA/ J Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, pi. iv, fig. 11; Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 19, pi. iv, fig. 11.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Tennessee River drainage. 1 1 am a little in doubt as to the validity of this species. -The figured type is certainly au adult, and that of dolabelloides the young of the same species. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 751 f PLEUROBEMA SUBGLOBATA Lea. * Unio snbgiobattis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 191; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. I'hila., VIII, 1874, p. 7, pi. I, fig. 3; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 11, pi. i, fig. 3. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Cumberland aud Tennessee rivers. f PLEUROBEMA CRUDA Lea. * Unio crudus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 190; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 14, pi. iv, fig. 10; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 18, pi. iv, fig. 10.- * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. Cumberland, French Broad, and Holstoii rivers, Tennessee; Swamp Creek, Murray County, Georgia. f PLEUROBEMA BARNESIANA Lea. * Unio barnesianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 31, pi. x, fig. 26; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 31, pi. x, fig. 26. * TROSCHEL, Arch. fur. Naturg., V, 1839, Pt.2, p. 235.* HAXLKY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pi. xxin, fig. 14. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nora., 1845, p. 56. * COXRAD Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xix, figs. 2, 2a, 26. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxiv, fig. 180. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.-ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145. * Margarita ( Unio) barnesianns LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. * Margaron ( Unio) barnesianita LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38. * Unio raveneliunus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvi, fig. 70. t* Unio tellicoensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 155; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 31, pi. x, fig. 28 ; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 35, pi. x, fig. 28.- * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Cumberland and Tennessee river systems. PLEUROBEMA LYONII Lea. * Unio lyonii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 89 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 259, xxxn, fig. 74; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 19, pi. xxxii, fig. 74. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Margaron ( Unio) lyonii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56. Tennessee Eiver system. PLEUROBEMA PUDICA Lea. * Unio pudicus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 346, pi. LVI, fig. 171 ; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 28, pi. LM, fig. 171. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXI, fig. 427. "B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PJiTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. *Margaron ( Unio) pudicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. *Unio subrotundus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvn, fig. 201. Tennessee River system. | PLEUROBEMA BIGBYENSIS Lea. * Unio bigbyensis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 30 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 237, pi. xxn, fig. 51; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 75, pi. xxn, fig. 51.^ 752 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VML.XXII. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxn. figs. 5, 5o, 56. *KUSTEK, Concb. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 279, pi. xciv, fig. 3. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLI, fig. 227.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P/ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. *Margaron (Unio) biybyensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24, 1870, p. 38. Tennessee River drainage; Indian Territory? Texas? The two last localities very doubtful. (Group of Pleurobema decisa.) Shell solid, inflated, ovate to elliptical, very inequilateral, somewhat truncated in front and rounded or bluntly pointed behind, wedge- shaped when looked at from above; base slightly angled in front, then nearly straight for two-thirds of its length, from whence it curves to the posterior point; beaks high, curved inward and forward; beak sculpture consisting of a few coarse, irregularly concentric ridges which curve slightly upward behind; epidermis tawny to brownish, rayless, the rest periods very distinctly marked by dark bands; pseudo- cardinals stumpy, ragged, often showing a" tendency to elongation in the direction of the axis of the shell. Animal having the branchiae rather small, inner the larger, free nearly or quite the entire length of the abdominal sac, marsupiuni occupying all but the extreme posterior end of the outer gills; branchiae and anal openings papillose. t PLEUROBEMA DECISA Lea. * Uwiodecisj/sLEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 92, pi. xn, fig. 23; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 102, pi. xn, fig. 23.* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.* FERUS- SAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. * CONRAD, Monog., I, 1835, p. 6, pi. in, fig. 2. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pi. xxn, fig. 21. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 41, pi. vn, fig. 3. 1 * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvin, figs. 3, 3a, 36.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvi, fig. 71. B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * Margarita (Unio) decisus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18. *Margaron (Unio) decisux LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. * Unio scalenius SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. t* Unio anaticulus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; "Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 92, pi. xni, fig. 240; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 96, pi. xm, fig. 240. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvn, fig. 199. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEI., Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. *Margaron ( Unio) anaticulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. *Unio consanguineus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p. 60; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 67, pi. vn, fig. 217 ; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 71, pi. vn, fig. 217. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXVIII, fig. 409. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PJCTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. *Margaron ( Unio) consanguineiis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 1 This figure is probably that of U. decisus. That on plate vm, which he refers to that species, is most likely Lea's raveneliamis. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 753 t*Unio crebrivittatua LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p. 60; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 43, pi. xv, fig. 41; *0bs., XI, 1867, p. 47, pi. xv, fig. 41. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) crebrivittatua LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. *fUnio medius REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvn, fig. 77. Alabama and Tombigbee river systems. f PLEUROBEMA CHATTANOOGAENSIS Lea. * Unio chattanoogaernia LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 166 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 209, pi. xxv, fig. 90; * Obs., VII, 1859, p. 27, pi. xxv, fig. 90. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvi.fig. 69. B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Margaron (Unio} chattanoogaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40." Alabama River system. t PLEUROBEMA INTERVENTUS Lea. * Unio interventua LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 60; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 84, pi. xi, fig. 233; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 88, pi. xi, fig. 233. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. *Margaron ( Unio) interventus LEA, Syn., 1879, p. 40. }*Unio pallidofulvua LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 60; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 83, pi. xi, fig. 332 ; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 87, pi. xi, fig. 232. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) pallidofulvua LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. Cahawba River, Alabama. fPLEUROBEMA MURRAYENSIS Lea. *Unio murrayensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1868, p. 143; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI. 1869, p. 303, pi. XLVI, fig. 115; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 62, pi. XLVI, fig. 115. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) murraycnsis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. Coosa River system ; Columbus, Georgia ! (Group of Pleurobema curia.} Shell elongate triangular, truncated in front, rounded on the base where it is quite full behind the middle, with a low posterior ridge, the space between the middle of the disk and the ridge flattened or some- times slightly excavated, rather sharply pointed behind; umbonal region very prominent; beaks well forward; beak sculpture not ob- served; epidermis rather smooth, brownish olive; pseudocardinals dis- tinct, triangular, radiate; laterals heavy, slightly curved; cicatrices small and deep; nacre iridescent posteriorly. Animal with the gills large, semicircular, the outer slightly larger than the inner, which are free nearly their whole length from the abdominal sac; marsupiuin occupying the entire length of the outer gills. 1 Probably did not come from Chattanooga, Tennessee, as Dr. Lea believes, but from some of the streams of northern Georgia or Alabama, which drain southward. According to Hon. T. H. Aldricli, the animal of this and allied species is a brilliant scarlet. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 48 754 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. tPLEUROBEMA CURTA Lea. * Unio curtus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 112; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 103, pi. xvn, fig. 253; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 107, pi. xvn, fig. 256. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Mar gar on ( Unio) curtus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. Toinbigbee River, Columbus, Mississippi. (Group of Pleurobema troscheliana.) Shell rather small, solid, rounded-triangular, inflated, somewhat inequilateral, slightly pointed near the posterior base, and rounded angular at the hinder end of the ligament; base of the shell almostevenly rounded; posterior ridge low; beaks high and slightly curved inward and forward over a well-defined lunule; epidermis dull tawny, showing the rest periods and occasionally marked with a radiating row of dark green, squarish spots in front of the posterior ridge; hinge plate wide and flat; pseudocardiuals small, triangular, rough; laterals short, curved; muscle scars small, rather deep. Animal with semicircular gills, the inner the larger and free from the abdominal sac half to nearly their whole length; ovisacs of outer gills apparently in pairs. tPLEUROBEMA TAITIANA Lea. *Unio (aitlanns LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V. 1834, p. 39, pi. IV, fig. 11; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 151, pi. iv, fig. 11. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *HANLKY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 186, pi. xxm, fig. 26. *CON- RAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.- *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. *T3. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Margarita ( Unio) taitianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18. *Margaron (Unio} taitianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. Alabama River. tPLEUROBEMA COR Conrad. * Unio'mytiUoides CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 343. pi. I, fig. 7.' * Unio cor CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 28, pi. in, fig. 3, p. 68.* FERUSSAC, Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 29.* M5LLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 202. " HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187.* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st 1 Conrad says this is between Unio ellipsis Lea and mytilloides Rafinesque, but that he has no doubt that it is the latter. It is certainly very different from the shell Rafinesque figures and describes as Pleurobema mytilloides. (Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., XIII, 1820, p. 313, pi. LXXXII. figs. 8-10.) Conrad's Unio cor was published in May, 1834, and his mytilloides in January of the same year, so that the latter has priority, but as Rafinesqtie's name was placed under the genus Pleurobema, and as I place Conrad's species, which is an entirely different thing, in the same genus, the name mytilloides can not be used for it, and it must therefore take the next name proposed, which is Conrad's cor. Dr. Lea admits Rafinesque's mytiUoides with doubt, and in his collection places under that name specimens which I regard as a rather elongated Quadrula pyramidata. Rafinesque's figure represents an elongated shell, almost absolutely straight on the dorsal line, and with the beaks carried far in front of the rest of the shell. I have never seen any thing which at all agrees with it. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 755 ser., Ill, 1845, p. 16, pi. in, fig. 2. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 57. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. ' B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. *Margarita ( Unio) cor LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18. *Margaron ( Unio) cor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 39. t*J7nio crapulus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 42, pi. xv, fig. 40; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 46, pi. xv, fig. 40." B. H. WRIGHT. Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) crapulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. t*Pnio leivisii LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 71, pi. vm, fig. 220; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 75, pi. vin, fig. 220. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Maryaron (Unio) leivinii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56. Alabama River system ; Flint River, Georgia. fPLEUROBEMA PEROVATA Conrad. * Unio perovatus CONRAD, Am. Jl. of Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 338, pi. L, fig. 3 ; * f New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 47, pi. n, fig. 3. J FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.29 *MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 199; "Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190. *HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190. f CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 22, pi. i, fig. 3.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. "Margarita ( Unio) perovatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 19. Margaron ( Unio) peroratus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. Prairie Creek (tributary of the Tombigbee), Marengo County, Alabama. fPLEUROBEMA NUCLEOPSIS Conrad. Unio nucleopsis CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 301 ; 3 *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1849, p. 154; Ml.- Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 276, pi. xxxvn, fig. 81. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. "KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 217, pi. LXXIII, fig. 3. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvi, fig. 68. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * Margarita ( Unio) nucleopsis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. Coosa River system. tPLEUROBEMA STABILIS Lea. 1 *Unio stabilis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 59; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 71, pi. vm, fig. 221; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 75, pi. vin, fig. 221. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) siaWis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. tUnio mediae LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 78, pl.x, fig. 227; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 82, pi. x, fig. 227. * Sow- ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIII, fig. 375.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. Margaron ( Unio) medius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. Coosa River, Alabama. 1 This figure differs a good deal from that in the American Journal of Science, and it may be taken from a younger, less inflated shell. a Very close to P.irrasa, and it may be that when a sufficient amount of material is examined the two will have to be placed together. 756 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. f PLEUROBEMA TROSCHELIANA Lea. * Unio troschelianua LKA, Tr. Am. Phil. >Soc., X, 1852, p. 280, pi. xxm, fig. 39; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 36, pi. xxin, fig. 39. * II. ami A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496." B. II. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. *Margaron (Unio) troxthellanm LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. Alabama River system. PLEUROBEMA IRRASA Lea. *Unio irrasus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, V, 1861, p. 38; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 91, pi. xm, fig. 239; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 95, pi. xin, fig. 239. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Mar(iaron ( Unio) irrasus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. Coosa Kiver system. | PLEUROBEMA ALTA Conrad. *Unio altus CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1854, p. 298, pi. xxvn, fij,'. 5. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. t * Maryaron ( Unio) altus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. t * Unio fibuloides LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, III, 1859, p. 154; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 219, pi. xxvin, fig. 100; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 37, pi. xxvni, fig. 100. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xu, fig. 223. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. Margaron ( Unio) fibuloides LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56. Connasauga River, Georgia. t PLEUROBEMA HARTMANIANA Lea. * Unio Jiartmanianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 73, pi. vm, fig. 222; *0bs., VIII, 1862, p. 77, pi. vm, fig. 222.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Marqaron (Unio) liartmanianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. Coosa Kiver, Alabama. Dr. Lea lias shells in his collection from the Clinch River which he places with this species, which I am certain belong to the Clava group. t PLEUROBEMA INSTRUCTA Lea. * Unio instructus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 59 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 82, pi. x, fig. 230; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 86, pi. x, fig. 230. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) instructus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. Cahawba River, Alabama. (Group of Pleurobema showaUerli.} Shell small, rounded triangular, inflated, slightly truncated ante- riorly, posterior end arched and ending in a bluntly rounded point at the po^t base, posterior ridge well defined; nmbonal region full; beaks ratlin' prominent, the sculpture not observed; epidermis brown, not rayed; hinge plate rather wide; pseudocardinals small, triangular, NO. 1205. S YNO PSfS OF THE NA I A DES SIMPSON. 757 radial, roughened; laterals short, heavy, nacre white, brilliantly irides cent posteriorly ; beak cavities shallow. Animal apparently having ovisacs in pairs which are slightly wavy and lirate at the base; gills rather large, semicircular, inner much the larger, partly free from the abdominal sac; mantle thin, thickened at edge, and bordered with a dark line. 1 t PLEUROBEMA SHOWALTERII Lea. * Unio showalterii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 73, pi. vm, fig. 223 ; Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 77, pi. vm, fig. 223. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXI, fig. 426. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p.167. * Mar gar on (Unio) shou-alterii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. Coosa Eiver, Alabama. (Group of Pleurobema nux.) Shell oval, inflated, moderately solid, with a low posterior ridge, swollen at the post-basal part; posterior end pointed at the termi- nation of the posterior ridge; beaks full, rather high, considerably removed from the anterior end ; epidermis pale to dark brown, rest lines very distinct; pseudocardinals small, stumpy, radiate, rough, laterals straight; nacre brilliantly iridescent posteriorly; front part of shell heavy, suddenly becoming thinner behind. Animal unknown. t PLEUROBEMA VERA Lea. *Unio verm LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1860, p. 140; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 83, pi. xi, fig. 231; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 87, pi. xi, fig. 231. *B.II. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) verus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers, Alabama. t PLEUROBEMA HAGLERI Frierson. * Unio (Pleurobema) hagleri FRIERSON, Nautilus, XIII, 1900, p. 109, pi. u, North River, Alabama, near Tyner. t PLEUROBEMA RUBELLA Conrad. * Unio rubellits CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 38, pi. vi, fig. 2, p. 71. *FERUS- SAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. *MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 205. ^IAN- LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201 ; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., Istser., Ill, 1845, p. 20, pi. n, fig. 2. *CATLOWand EEEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 63. "CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. T.KTKI,, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. 1 The single species which I place in this group is quite variable. Some specimens iipliroach Quadrula solida and trigona in general shape, while others are more like / leurobema irrasa and troscheliana. I judge from the character of the gills that the inarsupium is confined to the outer pair. 758 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xxn. * Margarita ( Unio) rubellus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33 ; 1838, p. 28. *Margaron ( Unio) rubellun LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 34 ; 1870, p. 55. t * Uniorudia CONRAD, ' Monog., No. 9, 1837, p. 76, pi. XLIII, fig. 1. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. \*Un\o pulmnulus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 81, pi. vni, fig. 24; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 55, pi. vin, fig. 24.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. * II. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. *Margaron (Unio) pulmnulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers, Alabama. t PLEUROBEMA FURVA Conrad.* *Unio furvus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 39, pi. vi, fig. 3, page 69. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.* M6LLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 205. *CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 20, pi. 11, fig. 4. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Black Warrior Eiver, Alabama. t PLEUROBEMA AVELLANA Simpson. *Pleurobema avellana SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pi. n, figs. 6, 7. Cahawba Eiver, Alabama. t PLEUROBEMA NUX Lea. * Unio nux LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 283, pi. xxiv, fig. 43 ; * Obs. V, 1852, p. 39, pi. xxiv, fig. 43.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890,p. 161. *Margaron ( Unio) nux LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. t Unio cinnamomicus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 100, pi. xvi, fig. 248; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 104, pi. xvi, tig. 248. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIII, fig. 438. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) cinnamomicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. Alabama Eiver system. f PLEUROBEMA PINKSTONI S.H.Wright. * Unio pinlfstoni S. H. WRIGHT, Nantilus, X, 1897, p. 136. * Pleurobema pinksloni SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pi. I, fig. 8. Alabama Eiver system. 1 Conrad says that U. ravenelianus of Lea is the same as his U. rudus, which, accord- ing to Ravenel, is found in the French Broad River, though Conrad obtained his species in the Black Warrior. The species of Conrad is, however, quite distinct from that of Lea, the two never occurring in the same drainage system. 2 1 have seen what I believe are specimens of this species from the collections of the Hon. T. H. Aldrich and Mr. Bryant Walker, taken from the Black Warrior River, Alabama, but I think it riot improbable that it may run into P. rubella. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 759 tPLEUROBEMA JOHANNIS Lea. * Unio johannis IMA, Pr. Ac.N. Sci. Phila.,111, 1859, p. 171; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 340, pi. LV, fig. 168 ; * Obs.,, VIII, 1860, p. 25, pi. LV, fig. 168.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Mar gar on ( Unio) joliannls LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. Alabama River system. f PLEUROBEMA HANLEYANA Lea. * Unio nanleyanus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 279, pi. xxin, fig. 37; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 35, pi. xxm, fig. 37.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xvn, fig. 76.'* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVI, fig. 249. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Margaron (Unio) Nanleyanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. Coosa River drainage, Georgia and Alabama. tPLEUROBEMA FLAVIDULUS Lea. * Unio flavidulus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 97, pi. xv, fig. 245; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 101,pl. xv,fig. 245. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) flavidulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. Columbus, Mississippi. (Group of Pleurobema bulbosa.) Shell elongate oval, solid, inflated, with a high posterior ridge, ending in a point behind, above which it is feebly wrinkled ; beaks full, sculpture not seen; epidermis smooth, dark, rayless; hinge strong; pseudocar- dinals heavy, torn, sometimes a small third one in the left valve; later- als heavy, club-shaped, granulate, two in the left valve and one and a small secondary lateral in the right. Animal unknown. tPLEUROBEMA BULBOSA Lea. * Unio bulbosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 172 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 191, pi. xxi, fig. 75 ; * Obs., VII, 1859, p. 9, pi. xxi, fig. 75.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) lulbosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. Ocmulgee and Flint rivers, Georgia. tPLEUROBEMA HARPERI B. H. Wright. * Unio harperi B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 6. * Pleurobema harperi SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pi. i, fig. 10. Altamaha and Flint rivers, Georgia ; Su wanee River, Florida. 2 1 Reeve states in his errata that this is not Unio hanleyanua. The figure agrees fairly well with the type of that species. 2 This may prove to be a variety of P. bulboaa. 760 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tPLEUROBEMA RECLUSA B. H. Wright. * Unio reclusus B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 3. * Pleurobema reclusa SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 82, pi. i, fig. 2. Ocklockuee River, Leon County, Florida. (Group of Pleurobema brnmbyana.) Shell' oval, inflated, moderately solid, faintly swollen at post basal region; beaks rather prominent, somewhat distant from the anterior end; beak sculpture not seen; disks irregularly, concentrically sculp- tured; epidermis dark olive to blackish, striate; pseudocardinals sub- radiate, slightly compressed; beak cavities shallow; nacre iridescent posteriorly, somewhat thickened in front. tPLEUROBEMA BRUMBYANA Lea. * Unio briimleyanus LEA,' Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 82. * Unio briiml>ys., XIII, 1874, p. 34, pi. ix, fig. 27. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Tellico River, Monroe County, Tennessee; East Tennessee. t PLEUROBEMA MEREDITHII Lea. * Unio meredithii LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 11,1858, p. 40; *J1. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., V,1862, p.65, pl.vi, fig. 214; *Obs. , VIII, 1862, p. 69, pi. v, fig. 214. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. *Margaron (Unio) meredithii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Tennessee River system; Black Warrior River, Alabama. t PLEUROBEMA LITA Lea. * Unio litus LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 189; Ml. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 17, pi. v, fig. 13; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 21, pi. v, fig. 13. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Caliawba and Black Warrior rivers, Alabama. PLEUROBEMA GEORGIANA Lea. *rnio f/eortjianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 31; l *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 235, pi. xxi, fig. 49; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 73, pi. xxi, fig. 49. * CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250." H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxn, figs. 3, 3a, 36. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. " P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. *Margaron ( Unio) georgianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. Stump Creek, northwest Georgia. 1 I have only seen a single specimen of this, the type, in bad condition, and I can not be certain where it belongs. 762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. t PLEUROBEMA PYRIFORMIS Lea. *Unio pyriformis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 69, pi. xn, fig. 50; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 69, pi. xn,flg. 50. * B. H: WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unlo) pyriformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. Near Columbus, Georgia. t PLEUROBEMA MODICA Lea. *Unio modiewsLEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; *Jl.Acad. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 204, pi. xxiv, fig. 86; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 22, pi. xxiv, fig. 86.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unto) modicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. Chattahoochee River, Georgia. t PLEUROBEMA STRIATA Lea. *Unio striatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 203, pi. xn, fig. 16 ; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 41, pi. xn, fig. 16.* CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxix, figs.l, la, 16. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) striatm LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. Chattalioochee River, Georgia. t PLEUROBEMA GIBBER Lea. * Unio gibber LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 34, pi. X, fig. 30; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 35, pi. x, fig. 30.* TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 236. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pi. xxi, fig. 46. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 59. * CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxin, figs. 2, 2a, 26. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XL, fig. 219.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( Unio) gibber LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. *Margaron ( Unio) gibber LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24 ; 1870, p. 37. Caney Fork, Tennessee. t PLEUROBEMA FASSINANS Lea. * Uniofassinans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 143 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 305, pi. XLVII, fig. 118; *Obs., XII, p. 65, pi. XLVII, fig. 118. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) fassinans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. fPLEUROBEMA FASSINANS var. RHOMBOIDEA Simpson. 1 Upper Tennessee River drainage. 'A form of what I consider fassinans is abundant in the Clinch River, in western Virginia, which is considerably more rhomboid than the type and may be called var. rhomboidea. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 763 t PLEUROBEMA ARGENTEA Lea. *Unio argenteus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 82; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.. VIII, 1843, p. 242, pi. xxv, fig. 57 ; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 80, pi. xx v, fig. 57.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxxni, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 188, pi. LIX, fig. 4 ; 1861, p. 225, pi. LXXVI, fig. 3. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xxxvn, fig. 204.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145. *Margaron ( Unio) argenteus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. Upper Tennessee Kiver drainage. t PLEUROBEMA ARGENTEA var. PANNOSA Simpson. * Pleurobema aryentea pannosa SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 82. A solid, somewhat inflated, roughened form from Hot Springs, Arkan- sas, may be designated as above. Probably a valid species. t PLEUROBEMA CONASAUG^NSIS Lea. *Unio conasauyainsis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 155. Ml. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 33, pi. x, fig. 30; *0bs., XIII, 1874, p. 37, pl.x, fig. 30. V B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Upper Tennessee Eiver drainage. t PLEUROBEMA BREVIS Lea. 'Unio brevis'LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 35, pi. xii, fig. 32; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 39, pi. xii, fig. 32. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Tennessee Eiver system ; Hardy, Arkansas. t PLEUROBEMA BREVIS var. SUBILLIPTICA Simpson. * Pleurobema brevis subilliptica SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80. A solid, inflated form from Hardy, Arkansas, may bear this name. It is probably a distinct species. f PLEUROBEMA PLANIOR Lea. *Unio planior LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 316, pi. L, fig. 129; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 76, pi. L, fig. 129. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) planior LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Upper Tennessee Kiver drainage. f PLEUROBEMA ESTABROOKIANA Lea. * Unio estabrookianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1853, p. 77, pi. vi, fig. 17; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 51, pi. vi, fig. 77. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) estabrookianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 35. * Unio estabroJcianus PJETBL, Conch. 3am., Ill, 1890, p. 152. 764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. *Unio striatissimus ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Couch., I, p. 156, 1865, pi. xn, fig. 1. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVI, fig. 460. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. Opper Tennessee River drainage. Section PLETHOBASUS Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio cwopua Green.) Shell large, irregularly oval, inflated, solid, somewhat suddenly swollen at the posterior base; posterior ridge low and rounded; beaks rather high near the anterior end, havirfg a few strong ridges which are curved upward behind; a row of low, irregular tubercles extends from near the beaks to the post basal part of the valves; epidermis tawny brown in the younger shell, becoming darker with age; hinge plate solid, not flattened; pseudocardinals triangular, rough; cavity of the beaks not deep; front part of the shell very heavy; hinder part much thinner. Animal having the mantle somewhat toothed posteriorly; branchial and anal openings large, the latter smooth or with very faint papillae; inner gills the larger, rounded below, free nearly or quite their whole length from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills. 1 tPLEUROBEMA ^ESOPUS Green. * Unio cesopus GREEN, Cont. Mac. Lyceum, I, No. 2, 1827, p. 46, fig. 3. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 181, pi. xxiv, fig. 7.* CAT- LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 551. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.* CALKINS, Proc. Ottawa Acad. N. ScL, 1874, p. 41. *CALL, Jl. Cinti. Soc. N. H., XVIII, 1896, p. 157, pi. vi. * Margarita (Unio) cesopus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16. *Margaron ( Unio) (esopus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. *Unio cyphia CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p 68. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. *Unio cyphius SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 248.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. vm, fig. 28. * Unio cyphias var. assopus P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * Unio scyphius KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 181, pi. LVII, fig. 2. Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; west to Missouri and Minnesota; Alabama River, according to Call. 1 1 am not positive as to the generic position of the two following species, but 1 am inclined to place them in Pleurobema. No other living species of this genus has any development of tubercles, but a great number of fossil forms from the Tertiary of eastern Europe which seem to be most like Pleurolema are decidedly pustulous The heavy, inflated, high beaks and the comparatively shallow beak cavities are characters found in all the species of this genus. In the single gravid specimen I examined (one out of a large number from different localities) the outer gills were not filled very full of ova, though they were found throughout their extent, while the most careful search did not disclose any in the inner gills. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 765 fPLEUROBEMA CICATRICOSA Say. * Unio varicosm LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1829, p. 90, pi. XL, fig. 20; ' * Obs., I, 1834, p. 100, pi. xi, fig. 20. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 181, pi. xxi, fig. 14. *CATLAW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xi, figs. 6, 6a, 6&. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( Unio) varicosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16. *Margaron (Unio) varicosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. * Unio cicatricosus SAY, N. Harmony Diss., II, No. 19. 1829, p. 292* SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. *L. W. SAY, Terr. andFluv. Shells, 1840, p. 5.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246. *KTJSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 185, pi. LVIII, fig. 2.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. vin, fig. 31; xiu, fig. 50. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Unio cicatricosux var. raricoeus P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. Ohio River; Tennessee; Claiborne, Alabama. The last locality I con- sider doubtful. Lea gives St. Paul, Minnesota, as a habitat, but I do not think it possibly can be. The following species are described by Ratinesque, but I ain unable to make them out. "Pleurobema mytiloides RAFINKSQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 313, pi. LXXXII, figs. 8-10. *Pleurobema cuneata RAFINESQUK, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 313. TETRAGENE^E. Male and female shells alike, solid; beak sculpture consisting of coarse, subparallel ridges; beak cavities deep; marsupium filling all four gills, smooth, pad-like. Genus QUADRULA (Rafinesque, 182O) Agassiz. (Type, Quadrula metanevra Rafinesque.) Quadrula RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 305. Botundaria AGASSIZ, Arch, fur Naturg, 1852, p. 48. Orthonymus AGASSIZ, Arch, fur Naturg, 1852, p. 48. Shell triangular, quadrate or rhomboid, solid, inflated, with rather prominent beaks, which are generally sculptured with a few coarse, irregular, subparallel ridges that are inflated where they cross the posterior ridge; posterior ridge ordinarily well developed; base often incurved in old specimens; disks sculptured or smooth; epidermis usually dull colored, dark and rayless, or feebly rayed; hinge plate 1 1 change Lea's name because Lamarck previously applied the name Unio raricoia to what is, no doubt, Alasmidonta marginata. Mr. T. G. Lea, of Cincinnati, took many specimens of this species, the shells of which he sent to Dr. Lea, and in several of them he has written in pencil "not charged" or "ovaries charged, "'with the date, but neither of them seems to have described the animal. I am somewhat at a loss to know where to placo this curious form. The young are much like thr>sc of Quadrula solida, and do not show the swellings until the third or fourth year, and occasionally the adult shell is nearly smooth. 766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM*. VOL.XXH. heavy, wide, flattened ; pseudocardinals solid, direct, ragged; laterals double in the left and single in the right valve, often with a small secondary lateral below the large one in the right valve; cavity of the beaks deep and compressed; dorsal scars under the hinge plate; male and female shells alike. Animal having the inner gills the larger, generally free from the abdominal sac the greater part or all of their length; marsupium occupying all four of the gills throughout, the whole smooth and pad- like. Section CRENODONTA Schliiter.i (Type, Unio plicatns Say.) Shell more or less alate; beaks prominent; the surface of the valves usually sculptured with oblique folds; posterior slope generally having smaller radial plications which curve upward behind; epidermis brown- ish or blackish; anterior muscle scars large, distinct, very shallow, the anterior edge smooth, the rest apparently filled with roughened shelly matter; posterior scars large, shallow, indistinct; escutcheon large and dark. Animal with the gills generally large, rounded below; inner the larger, usually free nearly or quite the entire length of the abdominal sac, 2 the two pairs united to the mantle nearly but not quite to the posterior end, having a small portion free; inarsupiuin occupying all the four branchiae, forming very heavy, thick pads; labial palpi usually large. (Group of Quadrula plicata.) Shell rounded to subrhomboid; plications usually strong, oblique, though in occasional specimens the surface may be perfectly plane or slightly concentrically sculptured. 1 Schliiter applied the name Crenodonta (Verz. meiner Conch., 1836, p. 33) to a group of Uuionidae, the first species of which was the Unio plicatus of Say, but he gave no description of his group and did not designate a type. In 1853 Morch (Yoldi cata- logue, p. 45) used this name without a description or a type, and it has been applied to the plicate Uniones by von Martens (Biologia Centrali-Americana, Mollusca, 1900, p. 479). 2 Dr. Lea found in Quadrula multiplicata the inner gills generally nearly or entirely free, but in certain specimens they were wholly united. My own experience in exam- ining the animals of this species exactly coincides with his, thus showing that the character of the union of the inner gills with the abdominal sac, or their separation from it, is not a generic character, as Agassiz believed, nor is it even of specific value. Although I have examined thousands of animals belonging to the Flicata group of the genus Quadrula, taken at various seasons and throughout almost the entire range of the assemblage and of nearly all the species, I have never seen a speci- men with ova or embryos in the gills save one in the alcoholic collection of Dr. Lea in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. Other students of the Union- id;e have found these species equally barren. It is probable that they breed only at long intervals but in enormous numbers, a supposition strengthened by the fact that Dr. Lea found about 6,000,000 young in the gills of a single Unio multiplicatm. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 767 tQUADRULA PLICATA Say. * Unio plicata SAY,' Nich. Encyc., II, 1816, pi. in, fig. 1. * Unio (Theliderma) plicata SWAINSON, Tr. on Mai., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54e. *Mya plicata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219. * Quadrula plicata BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, pi. xxv, fig. 1. *Unio plicahis HILDRETH (?), Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 280. 2 SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 74. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71. * SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. * HANLE Y, Test. Moll, 1842, p. 175 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 175, pi. xxi, fig. 21. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63. *KLTSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 137, pi. XL, fig. 3. * H. and A.ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 11,1857, p. 498. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. n, fig. 5. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Margarita ( Unio) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14. *Margaron ( Unio) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. *Plectomerus plicatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. * Unio peruviana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 71. 3 * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert.,2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 533; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 667. *Unio crassus BAKNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 118. * Unio rariplicata DESHAYES, Enc. Me"th., II, 1830, p. 578; *An. sans Vert., 2ded., VI, 1835, p. 533; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 667. *Unio glganteus LEA, Obs., II, 1838, p. 35. 4 *Unio Jieros KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 136, pi. XL, figs. 1, 2. tUNIO PLICATA var. HIPPOPjEA Lea. *Unio hippop(eu8~LKA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 67, pi. l, fig. 1; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 41, pi. i, fig. 1. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 251, pi. LXXXIV, fig. 3.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xi, fig. 40. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) Idppopwns LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21 ; 1870, p. 31. * Unio hippopceus P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. Upper Mississippi drainage area south to the Tennessee and Arkansas rivers; lied Biver of the North; Saskatchewan River; Lake Winni- peg; western Michigan. The variety in eastern Michigan and Lake Erie. tQUADRULA PERPLICATA Conrad. *Unio perplicatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1841, p. 19; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 178; "I, 1850, p. 276, pi. xxxvm, fig. 2. *H. and A. 1 Say says : " It was found by Mr. Lesueur in Lake Erie, and was communicated by him under the above name." As there is no evidence that Lesueur described the species, and as Say was the one to first properly characterize it, I believe that he must be credited with it. -Referred to figure 5, but this with a number of other figures in this paper were left out by the editor. 3 Lea, who examined Lamarck's types and collection, states that this is the same as Say's plicata. Dr. Lea does not describe this, but only states that it is in Dr. Mitchell's collec- tion. Probably it has never been described. "Apparently a stunted variety of Quadrula plicata. Dr. Lea's specimens show a great diversity of characters. 768 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xxn. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. ix, fig. 35.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. *Margaron ( Unio) perplicatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20 ; 1870, p. 29. * Plectomerus perplicatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. t *Unio atrocostatiis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 70, pi. n, fig. 5; 1 * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 44, pi. n, fig. 5.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145. *Margaron ( Unio) atrocostatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29. t* Unio pearlensis CONRAD, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VII, 1855, p. 256. 2 * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. xi, fig. 42. * Unio perlen sis P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. t*E7nio brazosensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.144; 3 * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 309, pi. XLVIII, fig. 122; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 69, pi. XLVIII, fig. 122.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) brazosensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. i*Unio lincecumii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 312, pi. XLIX, fig. 125; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 72, pi. XLIX, fig. 125.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) lincecumii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. *Unio lincecurii P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. 4 \*Unio pauciplicatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 29, pi. ix, fig. 26; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 33, pL ix, fig. 26.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. tQUADRULA PERPLICATA var. QUINTARDII Cragin. 5 * Unio quintardii CRAGIN, Bull. Washb. College, II, 1887, p. 6. * PILSBRY, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1892, p. 131, pi. vn, figs. 1-3.* B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Alabama River drainage and streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico west to central Texas, north to southern Kansas. tQUADRULA ELLIOTTII Lea. 6 *Unvo ellioltii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1858, p. 54, pi. vn, fig. 37; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 54, pl.vn, fig. 1 This seems to be merely a form of perplicata, with a rather rude growth and roughened epidermis. 2 A comparatively smooth form of perplicatus, according to the type. s Another smooth form of perplicatus. 4 The above is a fair sample of Pietel's orthography throughout his work. 5 A right valve of the type was kindly loaned to the writer by Mr. Quintard. It is a rather light brown, glossy shell, and is sculptured with a series of yy-shaped markings on the disk. Otherwise it is generally like Q. perplicatus. I have seen the Q. undulata and one or two other species of this group break from the ordinary oblique bars into these peculiar markings, and I am quite sure that in this case the same thing has happened to Q. perplicata. 6 Dr. Lea first called this Unio atrocostatus, and then wrote in one of his duplicates Unio elliottii. He says that it is very near to U. perplicatus Conrad, but that the young of his species have a yellow stain on the posterior part of the nacre not found on any other species. I have, however, found it on young atrocostatus in his collec- tion. I am strongly inclined to believe that the elliottii is only a peculiar, vigorous variety of perplicata, but do not feel quite certain of it, and so let it go as a species with doubt. NO. 1205. S YNOPSrS OF THE XA 1. 1 D ESSIMPSOX. 769 37. *REEVE,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. v, fig. 20. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Hargaron ( Unio) elliottii LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 29. Southern Georgia to Texas. tQUADRULA UNDULATA Barnes. * Unio undulatus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 120, pi. n. *HILDRETII, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 279. * HAXLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 175; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 175, pi. xx, fig. 26.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 65.* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 24, pi. v, figs. 1, la.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 143, fig. 704. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXVI, fig. 399. * CALK- INS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita (Unio) undulatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14. *Margaron ( Unio) undulatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29. *Mya undulata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219. * Unio undulata VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1833, p. 229, pi. LI v, figs. 3, 3a, 36.* DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. Conch., 1839, p. 19, pi. xxx, figs. 8, 9. *Quadrula undulata BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. I, 1898, p. 82, pi. xxn, figs. 1, 2; XII, fig. 1. *Unio costatus SAY. Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68. *FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. * CONRAD, Monog., 11,1836, p. 17, pi. vii. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 54, pi. XI, fig. 4. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. iv, fig. 16. *Plectomerus costatus CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. *Unio j)licatu8 KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 137, pi. XL, fig. 3. * CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 143, fig. 706. *Unio atrocostatus SOWEUBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXVII, fig. 404. tQUADRULA UNDULATA var. LATECOSTATA Lea. - *Unio latecostatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163 ; l *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 68, pi. I, fig. 2 ; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 42, pi. i, fig. 2.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 251, pi. LXXXIV, fig. 4. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, *Margaron (Unio) laticostasus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21. *Margaron ( Unio) laticostatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. *Unio laticostatus II. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. *P/KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. tQUADRULA UNDULATA var. PILSBRYI Marsh. * Unio pilsbryi MARSH, Nautilus, V, 1891, p. I. 2 *PILSBRY, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1892, p. 131, pi. vm, figs. 7, 8; * Nautilus, VII, 1893, pi. I, figs. 7, 8. 3 1 More compressed and having finer, more delicate plications than the type. I have traced it northward into Kansas, where it gradually assumes the ordinary form of undulata. Occasional specimens are found in the Northern States which agree very well with the typical lalecostata. 2 I feel quite sure that this is only a peculiar variety of undulata. 3 A peculiar shell belonging to Mr. J. H. Ferriss, of Joliet, Illinois, from Lake Win- nipeg, has been examined by the writer. It has unusually strong growth lines and is quite full in the ventral region, and has only the very faintest vestiges of plica- tions below the lower part of the posterior ridge. I regard it as a smooth form of Q. undulata, and if any considerable number of such specimens were found it might be worthy of a varietal name. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 49 770 PIiOCEEl>/\<:* or THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. Mississippi basin generally; St. Lawrence drainage; Red River of theNorth; Lake Winnipeg; Alabama River system; southwest to west- ern Texas, the varieties in the southwestern area. QUADRULA DIGITATA Morelet. * Unio digitatus MORELKT, Test. Noviss., Ft. 2, 1851, p. 24.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * FISCHER and CKOSSK, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 563, pi. LX, fig. I- Rio Usuinacinta, Guatemala. j QUADRULA TRIUMPHANS B. H. Wright. *Unio triumpliaiis B. H. WRIGHT, Nautilus, XI, 1898, p. 101. *Qiiadmla Iriumplians SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 83, pi. in, fig 3. Coosa River, St. Clair County, Alabama. f QUADRULA BOYKINIANA Lea. *Unio boykinianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1812; p. 208, pi. xui, fig. 22; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 46, pi. xm, fig. 22. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxvn, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 181, pi. LVII, fig. 1. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. i, fig. 1. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. *Mar(jaron ( Unio) boykinianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. *Plectomennn1u1afxn P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; Mississippi River and tributaries from eastern Iowa south to Louisiana; southern Michigan. tQUADRULA NODIFERA Conrad. 1 *Unionodiferu8 CONRAD, Pr.Ac. N. Sci. 1'hila., 1, 1841, p. 19; *.I1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 179; I, 1850, p. 277, pi. xxxvm, figs. 4, 8; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. Louisiana and eastern Texas. tQUADRULA CAHABENSIS Lea. *Unio cahabensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 1871, p. 190; "Jl.Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 17, pi. v, fig. 14; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 21, pi. v, fig. 14. *B. II. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Oahawba Eiver, Alabama. tQUADRULA VALLATA Lea. * Unio vallahis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1869, p. 315, pi. L, fig. 128; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 75, pi. L, fig. 128. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) raUafns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34. Alabama and Black Warrior rivers, Alabama. tQUADRULA REFULGENS Lea. * Unio refulgent LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868 r p. 145; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 317, pi. LI, fig. 130; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 77, pi. LI, fig. 130.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) refulgens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34. * Unio pnslulosus CALL (part), Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 42, pi. xv, figs. 3, 4. Mississippi and probably Alabama. tQUADRULA HOUSTONENSIS Lea. *Unio hoiistoncnsis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 155; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 358, pi. LX, fig. 183; "Ohs., VIII, p. 40, pi. LX, fig. 183. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXI, fig. 425. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) lioustonensi* LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. Texas, Louisiana, and southern Arkansas. Verdigris River, Kansas? 1 There are six shells bearing the name J'nio nodiferus Conrad in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Part of them are the same as figured in the Journal, and the rest are probably morion i. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE XAIADES SIMPSON. 783 tQUADRULA PETRINA Gould. Unio petrinua GOULD, Pr. Boat. Soc. N. Hist., V, 1855, p. 228 ; * Otia Conch., 1862, p. 218. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) petrinua LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. Texas. Cragiu's localities, Verdigris and Neosho rivers, Kansas, are probably erroneous. tQUADRULA AUREA Lea. * Unio aufeua LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 112; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 195, pi. xxvi, fig. 264; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 17, pi. xxvi, fig. 264. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIII, fig. 438.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, 'Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145. * Margaron ( Unio) aitreus LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. *Umo lolli CALL, Am. Naturalist, XV, 1881, p. 390.' Texas. tQUADRULA PAUPERCULA Lea. * I 'nio pauperculus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 99, pi. xv, fig. 247 ; * Obs., VIII, 1862; p. 103, pi. xv, fig. 247.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) paupcrculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. a Texas. (Group of Quadrula infucata.) Shell small, rounded rhomboid, with a low, distinct posterior ridge, truncated behind and angled back of the ligament; beaks moderately elevated, subcentral; beak sculpture, four or five coarse, subparallel ridges which curve upward behind, with fine, radial ridges between them and the ligament; surface blackish, sculptured with zigzag or chevron-shaped corrugations which often become pustulous below; posterior slope having radial, broken wrinkles; pseudocardinals small, stumpy; secondary lateral of the right valve present; beak cavities moderately deep, slightly compressed; anterior scars small, smooth; nacre rather dull, purplish. Animal with the marsupium occupying all four leaves of the gills; inner gills the larger, free from the abdominal sac only part of their length; anal opening without papillae. 3 'An inflated form. 2 Usually entirely free from sculpture excepting faint corrugations on the poste- rior slope. A specimen belonging to Mr. William A. Marsh, from Village Creek, Texas, shows slight tuberculation on the disks. 3 I have been puzzled as to the relationship of this group and have been strongly inclined to place it near chickasawhensis, but I now believe it is more closely allied to the Pustulosa group. Its posterior truncation, the prominent angle behind the ligament, and beak sculpture lead me to place it here. The general sculpture of Q. peirina approaches that of these species. 784 PROCEEDINGS OF THE \ATIO\.\L MUSEl'M. VOL.XXII. t QUADRULA INFUCATA Conrad. * Unio infucatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 45, pi. in, fig. 2, p. 70.* MOL- LEH, Syu. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 208. * FKRUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. * HANLKY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203.* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 22, pi. n. fig. 6. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 60.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.' II. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.* KUSTEH, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 176, pl.LV, fig. 5. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XL, fig. 221. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Corch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. " SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat, Mus., XV, 1892, p. 409, pi XLIX, figs. 1-3, 6. * Margarita ( Unio) infucatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. * Margaron ( Unio) infucatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. *Unio securiformis CONRAD, 'Ann. and Mag., IV, 1849, p. 300; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., * 1, 1850, p. 275 pi. xxxvn, fig. 1 ; *IV, 1849, p. 152; *VI, 1852, p. 257 *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia. t QUADRULA KLEINIANA Lea.' *Pmo kleinianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 265, pi. xvii, fig. 18; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 21, pi. xvn, lig. 18. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila 1 ., VI, 1853, p. 257.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. n, fig.6. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * Margaron (Unio} kleinianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. * Unio sparsus KUSTKR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 252, pi. i.xxxv, fig. 2. Southern Georgia; northern Florida. Section FTJSCONAIA Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio trigonus Lea.) Shell round, rhomboid, triangular, or short elliptical, with a moderate posterior ridge; beaks high and full, curved inward and forward, sculp- tured with a few coarse, parallel ridges which curve upward behind; epidermis dark; surface not sculptured; hinge plate of moderate width; pseudocardinals strong; nacre white, salmon, or purple. Animal having all four gills occupied throughout as a marsupium, filled with pink or purplish ova when gravid; inner gills much the wider in front, free generally from the abdominal sac; outer gills cut away slopiugly in front. (Group of Quadrula beadleiana.) Shell moderately solid, somewhat triangularly rounded, bluntly pointed and sometimes slightly biangular at post base, with a more or less developed posterior ridge, in front of which it is full; beaks not 1 A rather smooth infucatua. 2 In the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, XV, 1892, p. 404, I united this species with Unio infucatus Conrad. Further study of additional material and of the animals which show some differences has induced me to separate the two. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SLVFSON. 785 very high; beak sculpture very coarse, concentric ridges; ' disks irregu- larly concentrically striate; epidermis rich, dark chestnut; hinge plate rather narrow; pseudocardinals radial, stumpy; cavity of the beaks only moderately deep. No gravid specimens have been seen, but those examined do not seem to differ from others of the genus. fQUADRULA CHICKASAWHENSIS Lea. 1'nio chickasawhens'w LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 101, pi., xvi, fig. 250; *0bs., VIII, 1862, p. 105, pi. xvi, fig. 250.* B. IT. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Margaron ( I'nio) chickasaivhensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. Mississippi and Louisiana. fQUADRULA SUCCISSA Lea. * Unio succissus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 275, pi. xxi, fig. 32; *Obs.,V, 1852, p. 31, pi. xxi, fig. 32. *H. ami A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxni, fig. 174. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * SIMPSON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 29, pi. LXXI, fig. 5. * Margaron ( Unio) succissus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24 ; 1870, p. 38. \*Unio cacao LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 154; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 344, pl.LVi, fig. 169; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 26, pi. LVI, fig. 169. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron (Unio) cac.ao LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 54. West Florida ; southern Alabama. tQUADRULA PUMILA Lea. * Unio pumilus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 23, pi. vn, fig. 17; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 23, pi. vn, fig. 17.* TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pi. xxin, fig. 13. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 63. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xix, figs. 1, la, It. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvi, fig. 198. "B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * Margarita ( Unio) pumilus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. * Margaron ( Unio) pumilus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24 ; 1870, p. 37. Black River, North Carolina. Only the type shell, a small specimen, not in very good condition, has been seen by me. t fQUADRULA UTRICULUS Lea. * Unio utriculus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 69, pi. i, fig. 3; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 43, pi. i, fig. 3.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) utriculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46., North Carolina. The specimen in the Lea collection which came from Arkansas is not this species at all. 'According to Marsh, who has examined the beak sculpture of Q. aaketvi. I have never seen a specimen of the group in which it was not all eroded away. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 50 786 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tQUADRULA BEADLEIANA Lea. * Unio beadleianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. ci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 94, pi. xiv, fig. 242; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 98, pi. xiv, fig. 242. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron (Unio) beadleianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 5.~>. Mississippi to eastern Texas. tQUADRULA ASKEWI Marsh. * I'nio aslnri MARSH, Nautilus, X, 1896, p. 91; X, 1897, pi. i, figs. 3, 4. Western Louisiana; eastern Texas. (Group of Quadrula trigona.) Shell triangular, generally inflated, with high, full beaks which are incurved and turned forward over a well-developed lunule; anterior end obliquely truncate above, often with a curved, shallow depression in each valve running from the beaks to midway down the anterior end, and forming a sort of secondary lunule ; posterior base usually incurved ; the posterior ridge ending in a rather sharp point; beak sculpture, a few coarse, concentric ridges turned upward behind and often swollen on the posterior ridge, sometimes becoming finer and broken or irregu- lar on th6 upper disk; hinge solid but not very wide; pseudocardiuals triangular and radial, torn; there is a secondary lateral in the right valve; cavity of the beaks generally deep and compressed; muscle scars small, deep. Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of all four bran- chiae; inner gills generally free from the abdominal sac, much wider than the outer in front; outer nearly or quite equaling them in width behind ; anal opening distinctly crenulate or papillose. tQUADRULA RUBIGINOGA Lea. * Unio rubiginosus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1829, p. 427, pi. vm, fig. 10; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 41, pi. vm, fig. 10.* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 548.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pi. xxi, fig. 43. * CATLOW aud REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 63.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xnr, figs. 4, 4o, 46. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvn, fig. 136. * CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 44.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *WAL- TON, Moll. Monroe Co., 1892, p. 16, pi. vm, fig. 1. "Margarita ( Unio) rubiginosus LEA, Syu., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. * Margaron ( Unio) nibiginosus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. * Unio rubiginosa DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672. * Quadrula rubiginosa BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 77, pi. xix, fig. 2; xx, fig. 1. * Unio flatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.* SAY. Am. Conch., VI, 1834.* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.* CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 74, pi. XLI, fig. 2.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 61, pi. xiv, fig. 2 ; p. 265, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 5.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. * Unioflavus var. rubiginosus P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. * Unio trigonus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIV, p. 322. Entire Mississippi drainage; eastern Texas; St. Lawrence River system; Nelson Kiver and its tributaries. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS 01- /7//: \. If, IDES SIMPSON. 787 tQUADRULA CERINA Conrad. *Unio cerinus CONRAD, Mouog., XI, 1838, p. 95, pi. LII; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868,. pi. LXXXVII, fig. 468. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. Louisiana; eastern Texas ; Mississippi; Alabama; north to Arkansas. tQUADRULA HEBETATA Conrad. * Unio Jtebctatus CONRAD, * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1854, p. 296, pi. xxvi, fig. 5. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) habetatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. Missouri ; Tuscaloosa River, Alabama. tQUADRULA RUBIDA Lea. *rnio ntbidiis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V,1862, p. 95, pi. xiv, fig. 244; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 99, pi. xiv, fig. 244. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Margaron ( Unio) rnbidus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. t * Unio negatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 59; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 76, pi. ix, fig. 225; Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 80, pl.ix, fig. 225. * SOW- ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxn, fig. 165.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. * Margaron ( Unio) neyatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico from Alabama to Louisiana. The shell reported under the name Unio negatus, from Kansas, is prob- ably a somewhat sulcate rubiginosus. tQUADRULA CHUNII Lea. Unio chunii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 392; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 196, pi. xxvn, p. 265; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 18, pi. xxvii, fig. 265. * B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, III, 1890, p. 148. * Margaron ( Unio) chunii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. Mississippi; west to central Texas north to Arkansas. tQUADRULA RIDDELLII Lea. * Unio riddellii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 392; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 198, pi. xxvii, fig. 267; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 20, pi. xxvn, fig. 267. * SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIII, fig. 442. *B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. * Margaron ( Unio) riddellii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. Dallas, Texas. t QUADRULA FRIERSONI B. H. Wright. * Unio friersoni B. H.WRIGHT, Nautilus, IX, 1896, p. 134, pi. in. Louisiana; eastern Texas. tQUADRULA TRIGONA Lea. * Unio trigonus, LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 110, pi. xvi, fig. 40; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 120, pi. xvi, fig. 40. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pi. xxi, fig. 6.* CATLOW and KEEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. *COXRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.' H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496." CHEXU, 111. Couch., 1858, pi. xvi, figs. 7, la, 7ft. 788 PROCEEDINGS OF TJJE XATIOXAL SOWKKBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVI, fig. 459. * CALKINS, I"r. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.* P.ETEL, Concli. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. * Margarita (Unio) trigomis LKA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 17. Maryaron ( I" mo) Irigonus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. (jHadruJa trigona BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 76, pi. xv, fig. 5. * r>i'> iindatiis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72. * SAY, Am. Com-li., VI, 1834. *Vnio triangularis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 56, pi. xn,fig.3. I'liiopilaris REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvn, fig. 138. Entire Mississippi drainage; Coosa Kiver, Alabama; Michigan and tlie Upper St. Lawrence drainage. tQUADRULA OBLIQUA Lamarck. * Unio obliqua LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert, 2d ed., 1835, p. 534; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668. Margarita ( Unio) obliqua LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20. *Unio ooliqum HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; *Biv. 1843, p. 186, pi. xx, fig. 24.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 61.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 63, pi. xv, fig. 1. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 253.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 44. *P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 31, pi. iv. "Margarita ( Unio) obliquus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 17. *Margaron ( Unio) olliquns LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. r-nio undatus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 121, pi. iv, fig.4. *HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 280. ' * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 259. Mya undata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219. * Unio mytiloides SHORT and EATON, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 74. * Unio cordatus CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, p. 48, pi. xxv. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 57, pi. xin, fig. 1. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIII, 376. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; west in Illinois to the Mississippi; Claiborne, Alabama. t QUADRULA COCCINEA Conrad. *Unio coccineus CoNRAD, 2 Monog., Ill, 1836, p. 29, pi. xm, fig. 1. LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 12, pi. v, fig. 12; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 12, pi. v, fig. 12.- *TROSCHEL, Arch. fur. Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234. *HANLEY, Test. Moll. 1842, p. 203; *Biv. Shells, 1843. p. 203, pi. xxn, fig. 54. *CATLOW and REEVE, 1 This was figured by Hildreth, but the figures of this species and a number of others were left out by the editor. 2 In the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, VI, 1838, p. 12, pi. v, fig. 12, Lea described this species, and stated that about eighteen mouths previous Dr. Ilildreth had sent him a single specimen under the name Unio coccineus; but there is nothing to show that Hildreth had described it. In the Monography in 1836, III, p. 29, pi. xni, fig. 1, Conrad describes this species under the same name, and also credits it to Hildreth, stating that it was in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences under that name. The species must be credited to Conrad, who first described it, though Lea read his description in 1834. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 789 Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 57. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 49, pi. x, fig. 2. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxv, figs. 4, 4a, 46. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xciv, fig. 512. *CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., I, 1874, p. 42. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Margarita ( Unio) coccineus LEA, Syii., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. * Margaron ( Unio) coccineus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. * Quadrula coccinea BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 79, pi. xiv, fig. 1 ; xix, fig. 3. * Unio rubens MENKK, Syn., Meth. Moll., 1828, p. 90. * Unio catillus CONRAD, Monog., Ill, 1836, p. 30, pi. xm, fig. 2." KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 64, pi. xv, fig. 2.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246. *P2ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * Unio catilus B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Unio gouldianus WARD, l Jay's Catalogue, 3d ed., 1839, p. 24. * Unio cuneus CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, p. 14. fQUADRULA COCCIENEA var. PAUPERCULA Simpson. 2 Entire Upper Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence basin in various localities. The peculiar dwarf variety which is found in this latter area seems almost entitled to specific rank. tQUADRULA SOLIDA Lea. Unio solidus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 13, pi. v, tig. 13; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 13, pi. v, fig. 13. *TROSCHKL, Arch, fur Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234. *HANLEY,Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 186, pi. xxm, fig. 15. * C ATLOW and REE VE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxv, figs. 2, 2a, 26. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 258, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 4.* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvn, iig. 133. * CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *RKTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. * Margarita ( Unio) solidus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. * Margaron ( Unio) solidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25 ; 1870, p. 38. * ? Unio cardiacea DESIIAYES, Tr. Elem. de Couch., 1839, p. 19, pi. xxxi, figs. 1, 2. * Uniofulgidus LEA/' Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164 ; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848 p. 73, pi. iv, fig. 10; *0bs., IV, 1848, p. 47, pi. iv, fig. 10. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888." P^KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 253. * Margaron ( Unio) fulgidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. * Unio obovalis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; south to Louisiana; west to Arkansas and Kansas; north to Minnesota; east, through Wis- consin, Illinois, and Indiana, to Ohio. 1 Adopted by Dr. Jay and used in his catalogue, but never described. It is a white nacred coccinea. 2 There is a dwarf form, greatly inflated and having the rest periods very plainly marked, found in the St. Lawrence and its tributaries near the Niagara Falls, which may bear the above varietal name. rt There is only the type, a young shell, in Lea's collection, and I have no hesitation in referring it to solidus. 790 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE .Y.f 77O.Y.//. Ml'SEUM. t QUADRULA PLENA Lea. * Unio jWewuaLEA, Tr. Ain. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 211, pi. xiv, fig. 26; * Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 49, pi. xiv, fig. 26.* CONRAD, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VI, 1853, p. 255. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rcc. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 264, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 3. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXI, fig. 305. *B. H. WKIGIIT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Margaron ( Unio) plenus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee riversystems ; southwest to Kansas and Arkansas. QUADRULA FLEXUOSA Simpson. Holston Itiver, Tennessee. Quadrula flexuosa SIMPSON, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 83, pi. n, fig. 8. t QUADRULA PYRAMIDATA Lea. * Unio pyramidatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 109, pi. xvi, fig. 39 ; * Obs., T, 1834, p. 119, pi. xvi, tig. 39. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 186, pi. xx, fig. 45.* DESHAYES, Traite Elem. de Conch., II, 1850?, p. 216, pi. xxxi, figs. 1, 2. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Xom., 1845, p. 63. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.495. 'CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xvi, figs. 5, 5a. 55. * SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXI v, p. 323.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margarita ( Unio) pyramidatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 17. "Margaron ( Unio) pyramidatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. * Unio mytiloides DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1830, p. 586, pi. CCXLIX, fig. 4. *SAY, Am. Conch., Pt. 6, 1834. *FKRUSSAC, 1835, p. 28. "MoLLKR, Syn. Xov. Gen., 1836, p. 209. * CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 41, pi. xx. * SWAINSON, Treatise on Mai., 1840, p. 267, figs. 52-53. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 59, pi. xin, fig. 3; 1861, p. 265, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 4. "B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *Mar(jarltu (I'nio) mytiloides LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 17. *Margaron (Unio) mytiloides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. * Unio mytiloides Raiinesque var. pyramidatiu P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160.' *Unio cardiacea GUEUIN, Icon. Regne Animal, 1829?, II, pi. xxvni, lig. 7. * Unio ruler CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. *Unio obliqua WOOD, Ind. Test, rev., 1856, p. 200, pi. I, fig. 8. Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; southwest to Arkansas; west to Nebraska?; north in the Mississippi to Wisconsin. (Group of Quadrula tsubrotunda.) Shell solid, rounded, elliptical or ovate, with high beaks curved inward and forward over a distinct lunule; beak sculpture a few coarse 1 Most of the authors who use the name mytiloides believe it to be Rafinesque's species, though they figure and describe the pyramidatus of Lea. The specimens in the Lea collection which Dr. Lea calls mytiloides Rafinesque, are evidently a form of his pyramidatus. Rafinesque's figure represents a shell very long and almost straight on the posterior dorsal line, with astonishingly high beaks, and four dia- tiuct, equally separated rays on the disk, and he says there are some oblique, black, longitudinal bands on the shell. The Rafinesquian shell seems as near to the Unio clava of Lamarck as anything, but it does not agree with that. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF Till-: X. I f. IDES SIMPSON. 791 ridges curved up behind; posterior ridge feebly developed; epidermis brownish or blackish, and often painted with a few faint rays on the earlier shell which are disposed to break into squarish spots; hinge and teeth strong; secondary lateral in right valve well developed; beak cavities deep, compressed; muscle scars deep. Animal with all four gills used as a marsupium throughout, filled with pink ova; gills large, inner only slightly the larger, free the greater part of their length; anal opening crenulate or papillose. f QUADRULA BURSA-PASTORIS B. H. Wright. * Unio biirsa-pastoris B. H. WRIGHT, Nautilus., IX, 1896, p. 133, pi. in. Clinch and Powell rivers; Virginia and Tennessee. t QUADRULA KIRTLANDIANA Lea. * Unio kirtlandiamis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 98, pi. xiv, fig. 41; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 210, pi. xiv, fig. 41. * FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. 'HAN- LEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203, pi. xxm, fig. 27.* CATLOW ami REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 60. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. *Kus- TER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 168, pi. XLIX, figs. 2, 3; 1861, p. 214, pi. i.xxi, fig. 1. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *SO\VERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXVII, fig. 402. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * Margarita ( Unio) kirtlandianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. * Margaron ( Unio) kirtlandianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35 ; 1870, p. 56. * Unio kirklandianus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203. ' t QUADRULA KIRTLANDIANA var. MINOR Simpson. 2 Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; southwest to Arkansas; north to Wisconsin?; east through southern Michigan. f QUADRULA SUBROTUNDA Lea. :i * Unio subroiundiis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 117, pi. xvm, fig. 45; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 127, pi. xvm, fig. 45. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203; * Biv. . Shells, 1843, p. 203, pi. xx, fig. 58.* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 64. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *?CHENU, 111. 1 A typographical error no doubt. There is a Unio kirklandianns recently named by Wright;. 2 A form is found in the Tennessee drainage which comes nearest, it seems to me, to the kirtlandianus of Lea, but is much smaller and more delicate, and is not so strongly colored. Mr. Wetherby believes this to be a form of the nearly allied anbrotundits, but it seems to me too much compressed for that. Dr. Sterkj is of the opinion that the two species should be united. While there are specimens which can hardly be determined, it seems to me that in the main the two are distinct. The small form may be called variety minor. :) The name subrotunda was used by Rafinesque in 1820 for some species of Naiad, probably a member of the Circnlus group which I can not determine, and placed in the genus Obliquaria by him. Conrad afterwards, in 1834, placed what he supposed was this species in the genus Unio. Lea applied the name subrofundus to his species in 1831, and being the first to use it for that genus, 1 think it will have to stand, and Conrad's name become a synonym. 792 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL Conch., 1858, pi. xv, figs. 1, 1, lb. * KUSTEH, Conch. Cab., 1861. p. 190, pi. LX, fig. 3. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. "Margarita ( Unio) sitbrotundus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. *Margaron (Unio) subrotundus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. * ?Cmo Irevialis CROUCH, 111. Int. to Lamarck, 1827, p. 16, pi. ix, fig. 3. 1 * ? CAT- LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56. * Unto personatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71. * Unio politus SAY, Am. Couch., VI, 1834. 2 * FKRUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. *CONRAD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 67, pi. xxxvii, fig. 2. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 62, pi. xiv, fig. 4.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxn, p. 168. *PyETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. 3 Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. Reported from Michigan and the Grand River, Ontario, but it is probable that the material from these localities is not subrotundus. fQUADRULA PILARIS Lea. * rrnio jntarisLEA., Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 285; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 209, pi. xiv, fig. 24 ; Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 47, pi. xiv, fig. 24.* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pl.xxix, figs. 3, 3a, 3&. *Kus- TER, Conch Cab., 1861, p. 255, pi. LXXXVI, fig. 3. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvn, fig. 138. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Maryaron ( Unio) pilaris LEA, Syn,, 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. t *Unio lesueurianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc. I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 195, pi. vin, fig. 6; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 33, pi. vin, fig. 6. *CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxx, figs. 4, 4a, 4&. -KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 215, pi. LXXII, fig. 2. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * Margaron ( Unio) Icsueurianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. Tennessee and Cumberland river sytems; Green River, Kentucky; reported from the Ohio River. tQUADRULA CUNEUS Conrad.^ * Unio cuneus CONRAD, Mouog., XII, 1840, p. 105; pi. LVIII, fig. 1. *B. II. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Arkansas; Louisiana; Sabine River, Texas. 'The figure looks something like subrotunda, or it may possibly be cbenu*. I can not make out Lamarck's brevialis (An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75), which he says came from the Isle de France. Sganzin was told by the people of the island that no 1'itio was found there (Mem. Hist. Nat. Strasb., Ill, 1846, p. 8). 2 Merely listed by Say, but neither Lea nor I have been able to find that it was ever described by him. 3 Kirtland states that" an oblique sulcation below the superior posterior angle dis- tinguishes the female of this species, as it does the retmus, from the male. I have not noticed it. 1 Mr. Conrad states in the Monography that his shells came from the Little Red River, Arkansas. Our shells in the U. S. National Museum collection are from the same stream, but are not quite so solid, nor are they just the shape of the figure, yet I have no doubt that they are cuneus. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 793 tQUADRULA EBENUS Lea. * Cwio edens LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,IV, 1831, p. 84, pi. ix. fig. 14; *Obs., 1, 1834, p. 94, pi. ix, fig. 14. -CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 202; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 202, pi. xx, fig. 47. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nora., 1845, p. 58. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xv, figs. 7, la, lb. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVI, fig. 334. *CALKIXS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 42. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. T.ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * Margarita ( Unio) ebenus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. *Margaron ( Unio) ebenus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. * Unio obovalis SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. * Unio oWiqiiHs CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 77, pi. XLIII, fig. 2.* KusTER,Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 215, pi. LXXI, fig. 4. * Unio mytiloides SWAINSON, Treatise on Mai., 1840, p. 270, figa. 52, 53. Mississippi drainage generally except its western portion; Alabama and Tombigbee rivers; northeast Texas!. tQUADRULA GLOBATA Lea. * Unio fjhbatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 191 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 5, pi. i, fig. 1 ; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 9, pi. i, fig. 1.* B.H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. Holston and Tennessee rivers, Tennessee; Etowali Eiver, Georgia. (Group of Quadrula glandacea. 1 ) Shell rhomboid-oval, nearly straight below and slightly biaugulate behind, with a well-delined double posterior ridge; beaks probably full; surface slightly and irregularly sulcate; . epidermis wrinkled, tawny; hinge strong, the plate somewhat flattened; pseudocardiuals triangular; laterals strong, secondary lateral of right valve well devel- oped; beak cavities deep, compressed; muscle scars very deep, smooth; nacre dirty straw color. tQUADRULA GLANDACEA Lea. *r/nio<7?aw(?acesLEA,Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, V, 1861, p. 59; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 77, pi. ix, fig. 226; *0bs., VIII, p. 81, pi. ix, fig. 226.*]$. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Maryaron ( Unio) glandaceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. Coosa and Cahawba rivers, Alabama. >I am somewhat at a loss to know where to place this group. The very limited amount of material I have seen is in a badly eroded condition. I can form no idea of the beak sculpture, and I have never seen the soft parts. The texture and coloring of all the shells I have seen are like those of Pleurobema, but the very deep beak cavities and the general form are like Quadrula. 794 PROCEEDINGS OF .THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. Section PACHYNAIAS Crosse and Fischer, 1893. (Type, Unio spheniopsia Morelet.) Shell elongate-triangular, inflated, truncated above and rounded below in front, straighten the base, with a high, sharp posterior ridge; the post base slightly biangulate ; beaks full, the sculpture consisting of apparently faint ridges which run parallel with the growth lines; whole surface distinctly concentrically ridged ; epidermis without rays ; pseudocardinals solid, stumpy, somewhat radiate, roughened; beak cavities rather deep; muscle scars deep, smooth ; nacre bluish white, thicker in front. Animal unknown. tQUADRULA SPHENIOPSIS Morelet. * Unio spheniopsia MORELET, Test. Nov., I, 1849, p. 29. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 583, pi. LXI, figs. 2, 2o, 2ft. Eio Usumacinta, Guatemala.. tQUADRULA RUGOSOSULCATA Lea. * Unio rugosoaulcatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 33; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 266, pi. xxxiv,fig.81; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 26, pi. xxxiv, fig. 81. "B. H.WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. * Margaron ( Unio) rugososulcatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. Central America. Subgenus KOTTJNDARIA (Rafinesque, 182)) Simpson. (Type, Obliquaria tubercnlata Rafinesque.) Shell rounded or quadrate, slightly truncate above in front; posterior ridge low; beaks prominent, curved inward and forward over a strongly marked lunule; beak sculpture consisting of numerous (20 to 30) fine, irregular, broken, somewhat concentric corrugations which extend well on to the second year's growth and gradually blend with the regu- lar sculpture; posterior three-fifths of the shell tuberculate; epidermis brown ; beak cavities very deep, compressed ; nacre violet. Animal having the gills very large, inner very much wider in front, free the whole length from the abdominal sac; branchial opening immense, with many small papillae; anal opening very large, smooth; superaual opening not at all closed below. 1 (Group of tyuadrula tubereulata.) Shell rounded, truncated behind, with a wide depression down the post slope. 1 1 regret that I have never been able to see gravid specimens of either of the species placed here. They are generally placed with the pustuluaua group, but the strongly developed sulcus on the posterior slope and the very remarkable beak sculpture, which is not at all like that of any of our species, are good distinguishing characters. The enormous anal and branchial openings, and the open superanal opening are characters of some value. NO. 120&. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 795 t QUADRULA TUBERCULATA Rafinesque. 1 * Obliquaria (Rotundaria) tuberculata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 103.* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., Ill, 1845, p. 20. * Rotundaria tuberculata AGASSIZ, Arch, fiir Naturg., 1, 1852, p. 48. *Unio tuberculatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72. *SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.* FEKUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.* CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, p. 43, pi. xxn. * KUSTER. Conch. Cab.Unio, 1852, p. 45, pi. ix, fig. 1. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. in, figs. 9, 12. * Unio verrucosus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 123, pi. v, fig. 6. * SHORT and EATON, Transylvania JL, 1831, p. 75. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pi. xxi, fig. 24. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 65. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. * CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 46.* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. * Margarita ( Unio) verrucosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 15. * Hargaron ( Unio) verrucosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. * Unio verrucosus purpureus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 281. * Nya verrucosa EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 216. * Quadrula verrucosa BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 85, pi. xxm. * Unio tuberculosa VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1833, p. 232. Mississippi drainage generally; southern Michigan ; San Saba County, central Texas. tQUADRULA GRANIFERA Lea.- * Unio graniferus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 69, pi. xix, fig. 60; * Obs., II, 1838, p.69, pi. xix, fig. 60. *TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 237. *HANLKY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pi. xxm, fig. 11. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496. * CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxv, figs. 3, 3a, 36. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab.Unio, 1861, p. 212, pi. LXX, fig. 4.* REEVE, Conch. Icon,, XVI, 1864, pi. ix, fig. 34. *B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. *P,ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. ^Margarita ( Unio) graniferus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 15. *Margaron ( Unio) graniferus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. tQUADRULA GRANIFERA var. PUS ILL A Simpson.* Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; northwest to Iowa. 1 Rafinesque's description is plainly that of one of the pustulous Unioues of the Ohio, and the statement that it is truncated posteriorly, Avants nodules anteriorly, is three or more inches long, and has a violet nacre makes it certain that it is the rerrucosus of Barnes. "This form has been considered by many merely at best a variety of the tuberculata, and I have so regarded it. It has always a smaller and generally a more inflated shell, higher beaks, and usually a smoother, more olive-colored epidermis than the latter. Its nacre is ordinarily more copper colored than that of tuberculata. I believe with Mr. Wetherby that it is a valid species. 3 A greatly dwarfed inflated form from the Green River at Mammoth Cave, Ken- tucky, may bear the above name. 796 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. (Group of Quadrula ostreata.) Shell rhomboid, incurved on the base, with a well- developed posterior ridge, somewhat biangulate behind; beak sculpture consisting of a number of fine, concentric ridges showing a tendency to be doubly looped, which gradually change, first to corrugations and then to pus- tules; pseudocardiuals ragged, secondary lateral of right valve but slightly developed. Animal unknown. t QUADRULA OSTREATA Morelet. * Unio ostreatus MORELET, Test. Noviss., No. 1, 1849, p. 29. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 573, pi. LXIII, fig. 3; LXX, fig. 4. Ilio Usumacinta, Guatemala. t QUADRULA USUMASINT^E Crosse and Fischer. * Unio usumasintw CROSSE and FISCHER, J. do Conch., XL, 1892, p. 294. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 574, pi. LXIII, fig. 4; LXVII, fig. 5. Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. t QUADRULA GUATEMALENSIS Simpson. * Quadrula gnatemalensis, SIMPSON, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 83, pi. n, tig. 4. Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. (Group of Quadrula percompressa.) Shell large, triangular to rhomboid, greatly compressed throughout, with a low posterior ridge and a slight secondary ridge above it, mak- ing the shell slightly biangulate posteriorly; beaks very prominent, flat- tened; beak sculpture not seen; surface of the disks covered with rather fine, somewhat lachrymose nodules, corrugate wrinkled on the posterior slope; 1 cavity of the beaks enormously deep and compressed; area outside the palleal line wide in front; shell thickened anteriorly. t QUADRULA PERCOMPRESSA von Martens. * Unio percomjiressus VON MARTENS, Sitzunga Ber. Nat. Tr. 1887, p. 107. * FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 576; Biologia Cent-Am. Mollusca, 1900, p: 496, pi. xxxn, figs. 1-3. Rio de las Salinas, Guatemala. Subgenus LAMPROTTILA Simpson, 1900. (Type, Chama plumbea Chemnitz.) Shell rounded to triangular, inflated, with high beaks; beak sculpture consisting of a few coarse, subparallel ridges which are slightly doubly 1 Only two left valves of this remarkable species have been seen by the writer, both of which curve to the left in front and to the right behind. It is probable that others may turn to the right, and von Martens' shells are fiat. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 7<)7 looped; surface of the shell generally covered with coarse nodules or knobs; posterior slope radially ridged; epidermis dark; two strong laterals in each valve, all vertically striated ; cavity of the beaks deep and compressed; nacre mostly whitish, usually radially granularly striated outside the pallia! line, having one or more peculiar calluses behind and below the laterals which are iridescent and granularly striate. Animal unknown. 1 (Group of Quadrula plnmbea.) Shell rounded, slightly angulated behind the ligament, solid, moder- ately inflated, covered with coarse pustules, and having broken, up- curved corrugations on the posterior slope; epidermis light brownish; hinge rather strong, somewhat flattened; laterals vertically striated. 2 QUADRULA PLUMBEA Chemnitz. *Chama plumbca CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., XL, 1795, p. 237, pi. ccm, rigs. 1991, 1992. *DILLWYN, Cat. I, 1817, p. 215. * Wooi>, lud. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 52, pi. ix, fig. 6. I'nio plumbens FEHUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. * KUSTKK, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1862, p. 289, pi. xcvn, figs. 1, 2. South East Asia, probably. The locality, "South Sea," given by Chemnitz is, no doubt, erroneous. t QUADRULA COREANA von Martens. * Unio coreanus VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1886, p. 78. *PYETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. Soul, Korea. (Group of Q. nodulosa.) Shell very solid, oval or rounded, inflated, inequilateral, inequivalve, the valves more or less twisted on their axis or having the appearance as if one of them had been pushed forward on the other, so that a dorsal view shows the outline to be rhomboid; each valve with a posterior ridge, that on the valve pushed forward less developed; beaks high, full, apparently sculptured with a few coarse irregular ridges ; posterior slope usually having strong, radiating, upcurved ridges; hinge plate generally wide and flattened ; pseudocardinals heavy, somewhat radiate, often with the sockets evenly, radially grooved; laterals strong, heavily vertically ridged; secondary lateral of right valve well developed, 1 A group of peculiar and striking species which presents a number of quite diverse forms. On account of this diversity, the fact that the beak sculpture is rarely pre- served, and that nothing is known of the anatomy, the group is a difficult one to arrange. 2 A single, rather young, dead, and somewhat decayed specimen of what I believe is Q. coreana, from Soul, Korea, belonging to the collection of F. Stearns has been examined by the writer. The Chama plumbea of Chemnitz seems to be near it, but is solider and shorter. 798 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. anterior cicatrices small, deep, posterior shallow ; cavity of the beaks enormously deep, compressed; dorsal cicatrices on the under side of the shelf. Animal unknown. tQUADRULA TORTUOSA Lea. * Unio torluosns LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Plrila., IX, 1865, p. 76; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 286, pi. xxxix, fig. 98; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 46, pi. xxxix, fig. 98. * Margaron ( Unio) tortuosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. t * I'nio (Lampsilis) snltortus BAIRD auil ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 491, pi. xxvi, figs. 1, la. * Unio subtortus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 465. * HEUDE, Conch. Finv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pi. LXI, fig. 119.* P.HTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Unio retortus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pi. LVII, fig. 109. *P.KTHL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. China. tQUADRULA TIENTSINENSIS Crosse and Debeaux. * Unio tientsincnsis CROSSE and DKBEAUX, .11. de Conch., Ill, 1863, p. 257, pi. x, fig. 1.* SowKRBY,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xci, fig. 514, 514o, 514ft.* P.*:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Margaron ( Unio) tientsinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. China. QUADRULA ZONATA Heude. * Uniozonatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pi. LXI. *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. * Unio tientsinensis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pi. LX, fig. 118. China. tQUADRULA FIBROSA Heude. * Uniofibrosus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pi. XL, fig. 22.' Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. *t Unio spurius HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pi. xi, fig. 22. " Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 168. China. tQUADRULA NODULOSA Wood. * Mya nodulosaWoov (part), Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 106, pi. xxn, figs. 1,2. 2 * DILLWYN, Catalogue I, 1817, p. 52.* WOOD, Index Test, 1825, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 29ft ; * Index Test. Rev., 1856, p. 16, pi. n fig. 29. * Unio nodulosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180. *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180. *CATLOW and EEEVE, Couch. Nom., 1845, p. 61. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 1 Doubtfully distinct from zonata. 2 Wood gives four figures ; the first and second being a solid, nodulous, Chinese species ; the third and fourth seem to be Unio pictorum. Lamarck used the name nodulosa for a Unio (An. sans Vert.j VI, 1819, p. 78), and refers to the Encyclopedic M6thodique, 1797, pi. 248, fig. 19, and this figure is no doubt that of Unio pictorum. Wood seems to have confounded the two. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE X.IIADES SIMPSON. 799 Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIII, fig. 439.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. 'Margarita ( Unio) twdulosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 15. * Margaron (Prisodon) nodulosus LEA, Syii., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 27. * Castalia nodulosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 509. t Unio grandidens LEA,' Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 168 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 205, pi. xxx, fig. 274; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 27, pi. xxx, fig. 274. * Margaron ( Unio) grandidens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34. China. QUADRULA KOUANGENSIS Simpson. 2 * Unio moreletianus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pi. LX, fig. 117. * ~PJE- TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. Kouaug-te tclieou, China. t QUADRULA POLYSTICTO-SCRIPTUS Heude. * Unio polysticto-scriptm HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pi. xm, fig. 26. P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. * Unio scripto-polystlctus IlEri>E, 3 Conch. Fluv. Naiik., II, 1877, pi. xm, fig. 27. *Unio scripto-polystrictuii P.fcTEL, Conch. Sani., Ill, 1890, p. 167. China. t QUADRULA POLYSTICTUS Heude. *Unio polystictus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nauk., 11,1877, pi. xn, fig. 25. *P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. China. t QUADRULA SIMILARIS Simpson. *Unio affinis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., I, 1875, pi. in, figs. 7,7a. 4 *P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. China. t QUADRULA MICROSTICTIS Heude. * Unio microsliclis, HEUDE, Couch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pi. xn, fig. 24; *Jahrb. Dcutsch, Mai. Ge8.,VIII, 1881, p. 122. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. China. (Group of Quadrula rochechouarti.) Shell rhomboid, with a strong posterior ridge, rounded before, incurved below, and somewhat biangulate on the posterior base, with very strong folds on posterior slope which begin on the posterior ridge as 1 A single valve (the type) is in the Lea collection, and an opposing matched valve is in that of the U. S. National Museum. Dr. Lea sfca tes that they were obtained near Hot Springs, Arkansas, by Major Byrd Powell. I am certain this is a mistake, and that it is a Chinese species. It agrees exactly with Wood's figure of nodulosa, is slightly pushed over or twisted on its axis, and has the vertically ridged laterals characteristic of the heavy Chinese forms very strongly developed. 2 Heude's name moreletianus has been twice preoccupied. 3 Believed by Heude to be a hybrid with polyaticto-scriptus. I can not see that the two differ sufficiently to b.e separated. 4 The name affinis was used long before by Dr. Lea for a Unio. 800 PEOpEEMNGS OF THE' NATIONAL MfS/-:rM. VOI..XXK. knobs; surface strongly pustulous; beaks rather well for ward, sculpture not seen; epidermis concentrically wrinkled, black and rough; pseudo- cardinals strong, somewhat radial, rough, striate; laterals more or less vertically striate, secondary lateral in right valve well developed ; beak cavities very deep, compressed; posterior calluses faint. Animal unknown. tQUADRULA ROCHECHOUARTI Heude. I nio rochechoiiarli HEUDE, Couch. Fluv. Nank., I, 1875, pi. v, fig. 13; "Jahrb. . Ueutsch. Mai. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122. *P^TKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. lf>5. China. (Group pf Quadrula triclava.) Shell solid, elongate triangular, obtusely pointed at the posterior base, with a decided posterior ridge, along which runs a row of pon- derous knobs; beaks high and far forward; surface strongly nodulous; posterior slope slightly corrugated; epidermis dark chestnut; pseudo- cardinals heavy, subradial, radially striate; laterals vertically striate, secondary lateral of right valve well developed; cavity of the beaks enormously deep and compressed; a granular callus behind the late- rals; nacre silvery, radially grauularly striate outside the pallial line. tQUADRULA TRICLAVA Heude. I nio triclatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pi. x, figs. 21, 21o. *P/KTEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. China. (Group of Quadrula bazini.) Shell elongate-trigonal, with a fairly well developed posterior ridge, pointed behind; beaks not high, almost at extreme front of the shell; surface more or less covered with knobs and tubercles, which show a tendency to an arrangement in curved lines; epidermis chestnut to blackish; hinge strong; pseudo-cardinals radial, radiately striate; lat- erals granular, showing traces of vertical striation ; beak cavities very deep, compressed; nacre silvery. Animal unknown. tQUADRULA BAZINI Heude. * T'nio bazini HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pi. ix, fig. 20. T.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 145. China. (Group of Quadrula leai.) Shell obovate, obtusely pointed behind; posterior ridge low; whole surface generally tuberculate or knobbed, with strong, radial, curved NO. 3205. syyopsis OF THE XAIADES SIMPSON. 801 ridges on the posterior slope; beaks rather low, the sculpture coarse, irregular, broken bars, somewhat doubly looped and swollen on the posterior ridge, with strong, radiating- ridges behind them; pseudocar- dinals solid, often compressed in the direction of the axis of the shell; laterals granular ; beak cavities moderately deep ; one or more granular calluses behind the laterals; nacre white or lurid, slightly radially granular outside the pallial line. Animal unknown. tQAUDRULA LEAI Gray. - 1 'nio leal GRAY, Griff. Cuvier, XII, 1834, p. 600 (index), pi. xxi, fig. 1. ' * CATLOW ami HEEVE, Couch. Norn., 1845, p. 60. ' BENSON, .11. As. Soc. Calcutta, XXIV, 1855, p. 136 (p. 18, reprint). *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 232, pi. LXXVIII, fig. 3.-* ? HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., 1, 1875, pi. iv, fig. 10, pi. vi. * GREDLEH, Jahrb. Dentsch, Mai. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122.* vox MARTENS, Sitzber. Nat. Fr., 1885, p. 77. P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. " Margarita ( Unio) leaii LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16. Maryaron ( Unio) leaii LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. * Unio leeai HANLEY, Biv. Sheila, 1843. p? 182, pi. xxiu, fig. 55. " Utiio nodulosus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pi. ix, tig. 32. t QUADRULA LEAI var. LELECI Heude. * Unio leleci HEUUE, Conch. Fluv. Nauk, I, 1875, pi. iv, fig. 12; v, fig. 14. GRED- LER, Jahrb. Deutsch, Mai. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122. " Unio richthofeni VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr. 1875, p. 3 ; Mai. Blatt, XII, 1875, p. 187; Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 156, pi. cxxxvi, figs. 1-3. >2 *PjSTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. ' Unio Itai var. leleci P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. China; Tonkin; Mekong Kiver. QUADRULA OVATA Simpson. Unio veatitus var. a HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nauk., VIII, 1883, pi. LVIII, fig. 112; LIX, tig. 116. 3 QUADRULA CAVEATA Heude. ^ v Unio caceatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nauk., Ill, 1877, pi. xxiv, fig. 53. * P.*;TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. Unio contritits HEUDE, Couch. Fluv. Nank., VII, 1881, pi. i.vi, fig. 103. * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. " Unio quadrangulosus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VII, 1881, pi. LVI, fig. 104. " P.ETEL, Couch. Fluv. Nauk., Ill, 1890, p. 164. China. 1 A very brief description is given in the index. - Von Martens, in a note at the close of Vol. IV, places his species iu the synonymy of U. leleci Heude. 1 am satisfied that leleci is but a variety of U. leai Gray. :! Heinle's name is preoccupied by Lea for a Unio, I therefore chauge it as above. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 51 802 PROCEEDINGS OF Till: XATIOX.iL tQUADRULA CORNUUM LUN^E Heude.' * U.iio montanus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., I, 1875, pi. iv, fig. 11. *P.KTKL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. I'nio cornuitm-lunai HEUDE, Couch. Fluv. Xank.. VIII, 1883, pi. i.vn, fig. 105. * P.ETEE, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. * Unio trisulcatus HEUDE, Couch. Fluv. Xauk., VIII, 1883, pi. LVH, fig. 108. *Unio paschaUs HEUDE, Couch. Fluv. Xank., VIII, 1883, pi. j.vm, fig. 110. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. ' f'nio rerrucu1o8U8 HEUDE, Couch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pi. i.vm, fig. 111. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. * Unio aborting HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nauk., VIII, 1883, pi. i.xin, fig. 124. *Unw vionticola HEUDE, Jl. de Couch., XXXII, 1884, p. 19. QUADRULA CORNUUM LUM^E var. CINNAMOMEUS Gredler. *Unio leai var. clnnamomens GKEDLEK, Jahrh. Deuts. Mai. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122, pi. vi, fig. 16. 2 * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. China. QUADRULA SCRIPTA Heude. * Unio scriptus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nauk.. 1. 1875, pi. in, figs. 8, 8. "P.KTKL. Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. China. QUADRULA DIVERGENS Benson. Unio divergens BENSON, .11. As. Soc. Beug., XXIX, 1855, p. 137. 3 Chusan Island, China. Subgenus DISCOMYA Simpson, 1900. Shell subsolid, round obovate or subrhomboid, lenticular, rather com- pressed, widely, faintly biangulate behind, with scarcely any vestige of a posterior ridge; beaks very low, sculpture not seen; front half of the shell densely covered with fine pustules arranged in curved rows in two directions as if engine chased, over which the epidermis is wrinkled. The hinder half is covered with flue, radiating and undulating corru- gations, curved upward posteriorly, which are slightly nodulous and show through on the inside of the shell ; one slightly compressed pseudo- cardinal in the right valve and two in the left; one delicate, curved 1 First called montanus by Heude, which Avas several times preoccupied iu Unio. 3 Gredler makes this a variety of leai, hut I believe it is a rather finely sculptured form of moniicola. The species varies much in the size of pustules and the degree of its smoothness, and Heude has exalted all these variations to the rank of species. I think it probable that when a large amount of material can be examined it will be found necessary to reduce some of the Chinese forms I have considered as species to the rank of varieties, or even to the synonymy. 3 Benson says this is not very distantly related to J'nio nudulatus Barnes. It has never been figured, so far as I know, but from all I can learn of it it belongs in this group and may be Q. leai. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE XAIADESSIMPSOX. 803 lateral in the right valve and two in the left; beak cavities deep, com- pressed; nacre lurid; palleal line showing a slight posterior sinus. 1 (Type, 1'iiio rttdnloxus Drouet and Chaper.) tQUADRULA RADULOSA Drouet and Chaper. *Unio radnlosus DROUET ami CHAPEK, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr.. V, 1892, p. 150, pi. v, figs. 10-12. *J1. cle Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 41. tQUADRULA RADULOSA var. RHOMBOIDEA Simpson.- Borneo. The relationship of the following is uncertain. UNIO NEWENHUISI Schepman. * Unio newenhuisi SCHEPMAX, Notes Leyd. Mus., XX. 1898, p. 92, pi. i. figs. 1, 2. * DROUKT, Jl. de Conch., 1899, p. 406. Borneo. May be related to Unio radulosus Drouet and Chaper. Genus SHISTODESMUS Simpson, 19OO. (Type, I'nio lampreyanits Baird and Adams.) Shell rather solid, triangular, inflated, truncate above in front, some- what swollen just behind the center of the base, pointed behind; beaks high; beak sculpture not seen; surface thrown up into strong, very wide, concentric ridges, one or two with each season's growth, and pinched up in the central part to form a radiate row of compressed knobs or spines; epidermis shining, greenish-yellow or brownish, having marvelously delicate, concentric, microscopic lirre, often painted with a few elegant, broken, green rays; there is one large, high, triangular pseudocardiual in the left valve under the beak, a deep, triangular pit in front of it, with an erect, radial lamellar tooth in its center, and a high, lamellar, curved tooth in front of the pit, parallel with the edge of the shell connected with the central tooth. A heavy triangular bifid or trifid pseudocardinal in the right valve stands close to the anterior edge of the shell and is separated from it by a deep, compressed pit; behind this tooth, deep down at its base, is a narrow shelf, and back of this the entire hinge plate is cut out in a deep sinus to the beak; two laterals in each valve; cavity of the beak in left valve deep, somewhat compressed; in the right entirely opened by the sinus; muscle scars small, deep, smooth; pallial line with a sinus at its posterior end; a 1 1 know nothing of the anatomy of this curious Xaiad, which seems to show some relation to such species as Quadruhi microstictus and related forms. I place it in Quadrula with doubt. 2 There is a specimen in the U. S. National Museum marked Unio radulosus Drouet and Chaper, from Borneo, which is quite rhomboid and but slightly sculptured on the body, though it is plicate behind, which may bear the above name. It is prob- ably a valid species. 804 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. beautiful, granularly striate callus is developed behind the laterals; nacre finely, often bifurcately radiate striate outside the parallel line. Animal unknown. t SHISTODESMUS LAMPREYANUS Baird and Adams. * Unio(Dysnomia)lampreyanu8, BAiRi>andAnAMS,Proc.Zool.Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 491, pi. xxvi, figs. 2, 2a. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVII, fig. 469.* HKUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VII, 1883, pi. LIX, figs. 114, 114o, 114b. -P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156: Maryaron ( Unlo) lampreyanns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. SHISTODESMUS SPINOSUS Simpson. 1'nio restitus var. ft, HEUDK, Conch. Flnv. Xank., VIII, 1883, pi. LIX, fig. 115.' Genus GIBBOSULA Simpson, 19OO. (Type, Mya crassa Wood.) Shell very solid, inequilateral, triangular-elliptical, arcuate, pointed behind, with a low, well-marked posterior ridge; beaks rather high; beak sculpture not seen; posterior two-thirds of the shell covered with somewhat radiating corrugations and nodules; posterior slope having strong subradial folds; epidermis dark ; hinge plate very wide; pseudo- cardinals not large, stumpy, rough; laterals very heavy, club shaped; beak cavities enormously deep and compressed; anterior cicatrices rather shallow, rough in the bottom; posterior cicatrices deep and dis- tinct; a strong rib runs from the front part of the beak cavity toward the posterior base; nacre whitish. Animal unknown. t GIBBOSULA CRASSA Wood. * Mya crassa WOOD, Gen. Conch., 1815, p. 106, pis. xx, xxi ; 2 * Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 28ft; *Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 16, pi. n, fig. 28. * Mya ponderosa DILLWYN, Dill. Cat., I, 1817, p. 51. * Margarita f'nio ponderosus LEA, Syii., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 14. * Unio ponderosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 177; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 177. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Noni., 1845, p. 63. * H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. " Maryaron ( Unio) ponderosus LEA, Syii., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. China. Genus CUNEOPSIS Simpson, 19OO. (Type, Unio celtiformis Heude.) Shell solid, elongated, wide and truncate or rounded in front, taper- ing to a point behind; often twisted on its axis and curved to the right 1 Heude made this a variety of his Unio vestitus (which I have placed in Quadmla. I aui satisfied that this is a Shistodesmns and distinct from lampreyanus, as it seems to have spines instead of knobs. His name vestitus is preoccupied in Unio by Lea.) -The name crassus had been previously applied to a Unio by Retzius, but as Wood's species was never placed in Unio under the specific name craasi/s, his name may be used. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 805 or left; beaks rather high, anterior; beak sculpture apparently a few coarse, subparallel nodular ridges curved up behind; posterior ridge low, close to the hinge line, and in front of it the shell is full; surface slightly, irregularly, concentrically striate; epidermis dark, having a peculiar, dull, silky luster; hiuge rather narrow; pseudocardinals two in the left valve immediately under the beak, the anterior compressed, high and nearly parallel with the outer edge of the shell, the posterior heavy, joined to the anterior above, with a deep, triangular cavity between; right valve with one large, triangular, an teriorpseudocardiual with a deep, triangular pit back of it, and often a small, low, com- pressed tooth behind the pit; laterals granularly striate, beak cavities rather deep; anterior muscle scars deep, rough at the bottom; poste- rior scars large, long and oblique; nacre silvery, sometimes radially striate at the edge; palleal line indented into a sinus at its posterior end, above which is a granular, striate callus. Animal unknown. tCUNEOPSIS CAPITATUS Heude. * I'nio capitatua HEUDE, Jl. tie Couch., XXII, 1874, p. 114 ; v Conch. Fluv. Nank.,1, 1875, pi. ii, fig. 5.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. China. tCUNEOPSIS HEUDEI Heude. *Unio Iteudei HEUDE (Bazin manuscript), Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 114. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * Unio corderii HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., 1, 1875, pi. i, fig. 3. 1 * P.ETKL, Conch., Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. China. tCUNEOPSIS CELTIFORMIS Heude. * Unio celtiformis HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 113; Conch. Flnv. Nank., I, 1875, pi. i, fig. 4.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. China. tCUNEOPSIS PISCICULUS Heude. * Unio pisciculus HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 115; *Conch. Fluv. Nank.. I, 1875, pi. n, figs. 6, 6a. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 163. * Unio retortus vox MARTENS, Sitzber. Ges. Nat. Fr., 1875, p. 4; *Mal. Blatt., XXII, 1875, p. 188; Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 158, pi. cxxxvi, figs. 3, 4. 2 *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. China. tCUNEOPSIS RUFESCENS Heude. * Unio rufescens HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 113; Conch. Fluv. Nank., 1, 1875, pi. i. fig. 2.* P.ETEL, Conoh. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. China. 1 Changed to corderi by Heude in above reference. 2 Von Martens places this in the synonymy of U. piscicuhts in Vol. IV of the Nova- tites Conchologia. 806 PSOCEED1XGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Subfamily HYRI-A.:VJE Swainson. (ENDOBRANCHI^:.) Male and female shells alike, with beak sculpture radial or zig-zag- radial; marsupium occupying the inner gills only. (ROSANORHAMPHUS.) Beak sculpture zigzag-radial. Genus NODULARIA Conrad, 1853. (Type, I'nio douglatsuv Gray. 1 ) Xodttlaria COXRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 268. Shell elliptical to elongated, pointed behind about midway up from the base, the post-basal part produced; beak sculpture variable, irregu- larly zigzag-radial, often breaking into nodules, and extending in many cases over a part or all of the disk; right valve with two usually com- pressed pseudocardinals, one above the other, the lower the more ele- vated, separated by a parallel-sided socket, and having one lateral; left valve with two compressed pseudocardinals, both in front of the beaks, and two laterals; cavity of the beaks moderate, not compressed, anterior muscle scars deep, posterior shallow, nacre white. Animal (of N. japanensis and N. (squitoria) having the inner gills alone filled throughout their entire length with ova, forming a pad-like marsupium, united to the abdominal sac or free from it. Section LANCEOLARIA Conrad, 1853. (Type, J'nio grayanus Lea.) Shell ensiform, solid, with a distinct, pinched-up posterior ridge, rounded in front, the posterior end sharp and generally turned a little to the right or left; beaks low, their sculpture nodulous, zigzag, often extending more or less over the surface; pseudocardiuals rather stumpy, ragged, striate above, smooth below; anterior muscle scars distinct, the upper round, very deep, appearing as if bored out. Animal unknown. t NODULARIA GRAYANA Lea. * Unio grayanus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 66, pi. ix, fig. 26; Obs., I, 1834, p. 178, pi. ix, fig. 26. * REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 118, pi. LXXXVIII, tig. 4. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 177; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 177, pi. xxiv, fig. 5. *CATLOwand REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. -KVSTKR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 167, pi. XLVIII, fig. 5. * H. and A. 1 A large genus of generally rather small species, very abundant in individuals, and distributed from the Amoor River throughout the mainland of all southeastern Asia and all of Africa except the region bordering on the Mediterranean. Some of the African species are so close to Asiatic forms of the cwruleus group that they can hardly be separated specifically. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SLVFSOX. 807 ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. *CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 142, tig. 700. * REEVE, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxv, fig. 191. "HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pi. xvi, fig. 36.^ P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Margarita ( Unio) grayainis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 14. * Margaron ( Unio) yrayanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21 ; 1870, p. 32. * Unio grayii GRIFFITH, Grif. Cnv., XII, 1834, pi. xxi, fig. 3. ' China. tNODULARIA GLADIOLUS Heude. * Unio gladiolus HEUDE, C. Fluv. Nauk., II, 1877, pi. xvi, fig. 35. V P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. China. tNODULARIA TRIFORMIS Heude. * Unio triformis HEUDE, Couch. F. Nank., II, 1877, pi. xvi, fig. 34. " Unio dislorlus HEUDE, Conch. F. Xank., VIII, 1883, pi. LXII, figs. 122, 1226. * PJETKL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. China. tNODULARIA OXYRHYNCHUS von Martens. * Unio oxyrhynchus VON MARTENS, Mai. Blatt, VII, 1861, p. 57. * KOBELT, Abh. Senok. Nat. Ges., XL, 1879, p. 420, pi. xin, figs. 3, 4. * PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch., V, 1879, p. 192, pi. CLVII, figs. 4, 6. * P.ETEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. N. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 156. Japan. Section CYLINDRICA Simpson, 1900. (Type, Nodularia cylindrica Simpson.) Shell inflated, solid, cylindrical, smooth, with a rounded posterior ridge; teeth heavy, pseudocardinals radiate, curved. NODULARIA CYLINDRICA Simpson. * Unio grayanus SciiREXCK, 2 Reis. und Forsch. im Am. Lande, 1867, p. 694, pi. xxvn, figs. 1-3. Nodnlaria cylindrica SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 84. Amur land. Section NODULARIA Conrad, 1853. (Type, Unio douglasicv Gray.) Characters the same as the genus. (Group of Nodularia douglasue.} Shell olive to blackish, subsolid; surface generally more or less cov- ered with nodules arranged in subradiating or chevron-shaped patterns. 1 1 have seen a curious shell in the collection of Mr. Bryant Walker shaped some- thing like the N. grayana, hut quite heavy and decidedly inflated in the post-basal region. It may be an old grayana, but is so eroded that I can not be certain. 'Schrenck supposes this to be the Unio grayanus of Lea, but it is very different. It is a large, heavy, cylindrical shell, apparently without sculpture, and the figure does not show plainly whether it has any posterior ridge. A large form between grayanus and oxyrhynchus is found in Korea, according to von Martens, Sitzber. Nat. Fr., 1885, p. 77. 808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tNODULARIA DOUGLASI/E Gray.' * I'nio (loiiglasiw GRAY, Griff. An. King., XII, 1833, (p. 601 index, 1834), pi. xxi, lig. 2. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. * t Unio murcliisonianus LEA, Tr. Ani.Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 33, pi. in, fig. 6; * Obs., I, 1834,p. 145, pi. in, fig. 6.* HANLEY, Test. Moll.,1842,p. 177; * Biv. Shells,1843, p. 177, pi. xxi, fig. 53. * CATI.OW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 61. *KCSTKR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 166, pi. XLVIII, figs. 3, 4. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. *CHEXU, Man., 1859,11, p. 142, fig. 701. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvm, fig. 207. *P,KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. "vox IHERIXO, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 159. * Margarita ( Unio) murchisonianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14 ; 1838, p. 14. * Margaron ( Unio) mnrchisonianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21 ; 1870, p. 32. * Unio osbecki PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mai., 1845, p. 164; * Conch., Ill, 1847, p. 45, pi. in, fig. 1. "H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. "Kl'STER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 236, pi. LXXIX, fig. 3. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. i.xix, fig. 353. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. "Margaron ( Unio) osbecki LEA, Syn , 1852, p. 21 ; 1870, p. 32. * t Unio nujr-persicHS DUXKER, Zeits. fiir Mai., 1848, p. 83.- * MUSGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. i, fig. 10. * SOWERBY, Conch. loon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIII, fig. 373; * P^CTEL, Couch, Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * Margaron (I'nio) nux-persicus LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 32. * t Unio wrightil LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., IX, 1865, p. 75 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 283, pi. xxxix, fig. 97 ; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 43, pi. xxxix. fig. 97. * Margaron ( Unio) wrightii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. * Unio sculptus DESHAYES, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus., IX, 1873, p. 9, pi. i, figs. 3, 3a. * HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., Ill, 1877, pi. xxiv, fig. 51.* P.ETSL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Unio dactyliniis HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., 1885, pi. Lxv. 3 *tUnio plctorum var. longirostris WESTERLUXD, Kong so. vet. Ak. Hand, XIV, No. 12, p. 74. 4 Unio schrencki WESTERLUXD. Where described? Unio abbrcriatus WESTERLUND. Where described?" 1 tNODULARIA DOUGLASI^ var. SHANGHAIENSIS Lea. * t Unio sltanghaienms LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 153 ; fl * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 242, pi. xxxvi, fig. 121; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 60, pi. xxxvi, fig. 121. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxi, fig. 96. "P/ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Uniopictorum var. amurensis Morssox, Jl. de Conch., XXXV, 1887, p. 26, pi. I, fig. 8. 'The plate in Griffith's Cuvier on which this species is figured bears date of 1833, and the names of the species are designated on it. The brief description (in the index) was published in 1834, the date of the work. Lea's Unio murchisonianus was not published until 1834. This species has an immense distribution and varies greatly in form and degree of sculpture. ' 2 An author's shell in the Lea collection is certainly a young U. douglasia-. 3 This and U.firmus and chloreus with others are given as varietal names and lettered. Credited by Westerluud to Amurland. I'nio picto rum, or varieties of it, have several times been credited to this region, but no doubt erroneously. This species is always darker when adult than the well-known European species, and has totally different beak sculpture. The two shells often resemble each other closely in form. 6 Specimens of shells bearing the above names, labeled by Westerlund, are in the U. S. National Museum. 6 A smooth form of douglasice, possibly worthy of a varietal name. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 809 f NODULARIA DOUGLASI-flE var. NIPPONENSIS von Martens.' * Unio nipponensia VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1877, p. 119. *KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Gea., XI, 1879, p. 422, pi. xn, fig. 3. "P/KTEL, Conch. Sam , III, 1890, p. 161. * VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Gea., XVIII, 1893, p. 160. China; Amurland; Japan. | NODULARIA DORRI Wattebled. * Unio dorri WATTEBLED -Tl. de Conch., XXXIV, 1886, p. 71, pi. v, fig. 5. *P/KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. Cochin China; Anam; Mekong river. NODULARIA DIGITIFORMIS Sowerby. * Unio digiti/ormis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. i-xv, fig. 333. *P,KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. 2 India. (Group of Nodnlaria japnnensis.} Shell solid, elliptical, subrhoniboid or oval, biangulate, rounded or pointed behind and often produced at the posterior base; posterior ridge low or scarcely developed; beaks moderately fullj sculpture zig- zag radial; surface of the valves concentrically striate or more or less covered with corrugated chevron-shaped sculpture which often becomes somewhat nodulous; epidermis greenish and sometimes rayed in young shells, becoming brown or blackish when adult. Animal having the inner gills wider than the outer in front, equal behinl, free from the abdominal sac throughout, united to the mantle to the extreme posterior point; palpi rather large, long; mantle double on the border and toothed below; branchial opening large, with well- developed, brown papillre; anal opening large, with small tubercular papilla? on its inner edge, covered with wart-like papilla 1 inside; super- anal opening not closed below. 3 t NODULARIA JAPANENSIS Lea. * Unio japanensis LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 153; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1860, p. 244, pi. xxxvi, fig. 123; *Obs.,VII, 1860, p. 62, pi. xxxvi, fig. 123.* VON MARTENS, Mai. Bl., VII, 1861, p. 55.* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 227, pi. xcin, fig. 4.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI,1868,pl. LXXX, fig. 420. *P^F.TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * vox IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 157. "Margaron ( Unio) japanensis LEA, Syu.,1870, p. 31. 1 Most of the Japanese forms of this species are smaller than those found on the mainland, though I have seen nothing that exactly agrees with Robert's figure. The ordinary form of douglasice is found also in Japan. 2 This seems to stand between this group and that of N. grayanus. 3 The shells of some of the species of this group are very different from the normal Nodularia, being covered with roughish epidermis and apparently lacking sculpture. Others, however, show occasional sculpture, and the young shells have the green epidermis characteristic of the group. 810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. NODULARIA JAPANENSIS var. JOKOHAMENSIS von Ihering. * Unto japanensls KOBKLT Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 423, pi. xn, figs. 1, 2. l " f'nlo yokohamensis vox IHEKIXG, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 158. Japan. tNODULARIA HACONENSIS von Ihering. * Unlo haconensis vox IHEKING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 161, fig. 3. Japan. NODULARIA BRANDTII Kobelt. * Unio brandtil KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 426, pi. xxm, fig. 15. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * vox IHEKIXG, Abh. Senck. Nat.Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 157. - Japan. NODULARIA BIW^E Kobelt. I'nio bhav KoiJELT, Abh. Seuck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 425, pi. xxm, figs. 2-4. *PAETEL, Conch. Saui.j III, 1890, p. 146. "VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVII, 1893, p. 157. Japan. NODULARIA OMIENSIS von Heimburg. * Unio omiensis vox HEIMBURG, Nach. Dents. Mai. Ges., XVI, 1884, p. 93; * Jahr- buch Mai. Ges., XIV, 1887, p. 2, pi. i, figs. 2, 3." P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. '61. Province of Oini, Japan. (Group of Nodular ia reiniana.) Shell elliptical oval, very solid, truncated in front and somewhat biaugulate behind, slightly produced at the posterior base; beak sculp- ture not known ; pseudocardinals heavy, elongated, parallel with the dorsal line. Animal unknown.' NODULARIA REINIANA Kobelt. * I'nio reinianus KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 424, pi. xxm, fig. 1. * VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 157. Japan, (Group of Nodularia sagittaria.) Shell elongated, the hinder point above the middle of the shell, with a sharp posterior ridge and a faint ridge above it; beaks rather low, 'Kobelt figured this for Lea's species, and it seems to me to be an old, solid, slightly arcnate form, possibly worthy of a varietal name. -It is quite probable that this and the preceding species are only varieties of X. japaitensis. 3 The beaks of the specimen figured are greatly eroded. I can not be certain as to the relationship of this curious form, but it probably is a Nodularia. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON, 811 their sculpture irregularly radial; disks finely concentrically striate, not otherwise sculptured; epidermis yellowish olive, cloth-like; pseudo- cardinals greatly elongated, compressed, sometimes dentellate under the beaks; laterals long, compressed. Animal unknown. fNODULARIA SAGITTARIA Lea. * I'nio Sagittarius LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93 ; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1857, p. 298, pi. xxvi, fig. 12; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 18, pi. xxvi, fig. 12. * Margaron ( Unio) Sagittarius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 58. *tt7nio dugasti MORLET, Jl. de Concb., XL, 1892, p. 86; "XLI, 1893, p. 156, pi. \ i, fig. 4.i Siam; Cambodia. (Group of Nodularia cter-ulea.) Shell elliptical, inflated, pointed about midway up behind, the post- basal region produced, with a well developed posterior ridge; beaks sculptured with numerous fine, radiating riblets, the central ones of which join below, the whole often more or less zigzagged and extend- ing well over the disk; epidermis generally bluish green. Animal unknown. t NODULARIA C^RULEA Lea. * Unio cceruleiis LEA, Tr. Am. Pbil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 95, pi. xm, tig. 25; *Obs , I, 1834, p. 105, pi. xm, fig. 25. *HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; *Biv. Sbells, 1843, p. 194, pi. xx, fig. 49. *CATLOWand REEVE, Concb. Nom., 1845, p. 56. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II. 1857, p. 493. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. x vi, tigs. 3, 3a, 3&. "KUSTER, Concb. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 228, pi. LXXVII, fig. 4. *SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLII, fig. 230. *HANLEY and THEOBALD, Honch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pi. xn, figs. 3, 3a. *!\*:TKL, Concb. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. "Margarita ( Unio) cceruleus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. * Margaron ( Unio) cteruleua LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47. " Unio fjerMdoni EYDOUX, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 9, pi. cxvm, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. *HANLKY and THEOBALD, Concb. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pi. xn, fig. 2. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. *iUnio substriatui LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Pbila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 20, pi. xxvi, fig. 14 ; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, pi. xxvi, fig. 14. * Margaron ( Unio) substriatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47. * t Unio 7i umilis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93 ; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 16, pi. xxvi, fig. 10; *J1. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 296, pi. xxvi, fig. 10. *P.ETEL, Concb. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. *Margaron ( Unio) humilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. * Unio corrianus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 229, pi. LXVII, fig. 5. * t Unio leioma BENSON, Ann. and Mag., 1862, p. 192. * HANLEY and THEOBALD, Concb. Ind , 1876, p. 6, pi. xn, fig. 6.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * t Uniopilatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 133; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 281, pi. xxxvin, fig. 95 ; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 41, pi. xxxvin, fig. 95. * \Margaron ( Unio) pilatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47. * t Unio evitatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Pbila., X, 1868, p. 133 ; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 279, pi. xxxvin, fig. 92 ; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 39, pi. xxxvin, fig. 92. 1 This group seems to stand iu part between section Lanceolaria and Nodularia. 812 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. * Margaron ( Unio) evitatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47. * Unio trirostris SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXV, fig. 331. f Unio andersonianus NEVILL, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLVI, 1877, p. 40; Researches Ynn. Exp. 1877, p. 900, pi. LXXX, figs. 8, 12. ' India; southeast Asia. tNODULARIA TERETIUSCULA Philippi. * Margarita ( Unio) cailliaudi LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 24. * Margaron ( Unio) cailliaudi LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 58. 2 " Cnio ieretiusculus PHILIPPI, Conch., Ill, 1847, p. 45, pi. in, fig. 3. 3 *?KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 133, pi. xxxv, fig. 5.* SowERBY,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl.Lxxv, fig. 389. * JICKELI, Faun. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 276, pi. xi, figs. 1-3. "P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * vox MARTENS, Besch. Dents. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 220. Unio lithophagns ZIEGLER, manuscript, probably. Upper Nile drainage. NODULARIA LEDOULXIANA Charmes. * Unio ledoulxianits CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 173. * BOURGUIGXAT, Moll. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 194.* vox MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 229.* Central Africa. NODULARIA GAUDICHAUDI Eydoux. * Unio gaudichaudi EYDOUX, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 10, pi. cxvni, fig. 3. *H. and A. ADAMS,Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *P/ETEL,Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. * Margaron ( Unio) gaudichaudi LEA, Syn., 1850, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. Small streams of Bengal. NODULARIA KERAUDRENI Eydoux. *Unio keraiidreni EYDOUX, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 8, pi. cxviu, figs. 1. la. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. ' Margaron ( Unio) keraiidreni LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 46. Itivers and swamps of Bengal. 'I have not seen the figure of andersonianm, but Nevill states that it is near ccei'iileus. The Nodularia cicrulea is an abundant and very widely distributed form, and therefore quite variable in size, form, solidity, color, and sculpture, and it is possible that other so-called species should be merged with it. Some of the above might rank as varieties, but I can hardly separate them. 2 Lea credits this name to Ferussac manuscript. So far as I know neither Ferussac or anyone else has ever described it. Lea makes U. ieretiusculus a synonym of it in his Synopsis. 3 Philippi's figure is a little more rounded posteriorly than are any of the shells I have seen from Africa bearing this name. After a critical comparison of numerous specimens, which are undoubtedly of African origin, I can only place this in the caarulews group (with which it agrees in every essential character) and close to cceruleus itself. There are other undoubtedly close relations between species of Naiades of the Ethiopian and Oriental regions. 4 Unfignred. Von Martens places it in the group of U. ieretimculus. HO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 813 tNODULARIA SHURTLEFFIANA Lea. * Unio sh urtleffianm LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94 ; " Obs., VI, 1857, p. 22, pi. xxvii, fig. 17 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 302, pi. xxvn, fig. 17. * P ETEL,Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Margaron ( Unio) shurtleffianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. India; Siam. fNODULARIA OCCATA Lea. * Unio occatus, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1863, p. 398, pi. L, fig. 304 ; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 34, pi. L, fig. 304. *SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXIX, fig. 412.* PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. rf Margaron ( Unio) occatus, LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 31. * t Unio macilentus, BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 187. * HANLEY and THEO- BALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pi. x, figs. 2, 4 ; p. 62, pi. CLIV, fig. 5. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. * Unio ruyosus, HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pi. CLIV, fig. 3. India. NODULARIA MOSSAMBICENSIS von Martens. * Unio mossambicenais VON MARTENS (Peter's manuscript), Mai. B1.,VI, 1860, p. 218, pi. in, figs. 3-5. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. * VON MARTENS, Beach. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 225, pi. vn, fig. 2. * Unio sennariensis var. VON MARTENS, Mai. Bl., XXI, 1873. p. 43. * Unio parreysi (v. d. Busch.) var. schwinefurthi VON MARTENS, Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 140, pi. cxxxn, figs. 3-5. l Sennaar. northeast Africa; Mosambique, Zambezi River. tNODULARIA INORNATA Lea. * Unio inornatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93 ; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 13, pi. xxiv, fig. 6 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 293, pi. xxiv, fig. 6. * vox MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15. *MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 352. P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. * Margaron ( Unio) inornatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47. Siam; Cambodia. tNODULARIA PACHYSOMA Benson. * Uniopachysoma BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 186. * HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pi. xn, fig. 1. * Margaron ( Unio) pachysoma LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 63. * Unio ijachystomaPMTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 132. Assam. tNODULARIA BONNEAUDI Eydoux. rf Unio bonneaudi EYDOUX, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 10, pi. cxix, figs. 1, la. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, 'This species seems to be close to N. occata, but is thinner and of delicate texture. I am not certain of its exact affinities. I am sure that it is not a A-ariety of N. mossambicensis. 814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. pi. xcv, fig. 515. * HAXLEY and THEOBALD, Couch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pi. x, fig. 6. ANDERSON, Yunnuu Exp., 1878, p. 900, pi. LXXX, figs. 8-12. * PJJTKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * Margaron ( Unio) bonneaudi LKA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. India. tNODULARIA TUMIDULA Lea. * Unio tumidulHS LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 15, pi. xxv", fig. 9; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 295, pi. xxv, fig. 9. *VON MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 482. *MORELET, Ser. Conch.,IV, 1875, p. 351.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. "Margaron (Unio) tumidulns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. Siam, Cambodia. tNODULARIA ASPERULA Lea. * I'nio inornatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxix, fig. 147.' Vnio asperuhis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 133; Ml. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 280, pi. xxxvin, fig. 94; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 40, pi. xxxvni, fig. 94. *" Margaron ( Unio) asperulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. * Margaron (Unio) versus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. Siain; Cambodia. NODULARIA ANCEPS Deshayes. * Unio anceps DESHAYES, Nouv. Arch, de Mus., X, 1874, p. 127, pi. vi, figs. 8-12. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. Cambodia. tNODULARIA PUGIO Benson. * Unio pugio BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 193. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcv, fig. 516. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 164. 2 Burma. NODULARIA MICHELOTI L. Morlet. * Unio micheloli L. MOKLET, Jl. de Conch., 1886, pp. 77, 291, pi. xm, figs. 6, 6a. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. Tonkin. NODULARIA FLUCTIGER Lea. * Unio fltictiger~LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 152; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 250, pi. xxxix, fig. 130 ; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 68, pi. xxxix, fig. 130. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 237, pi. LXXX, fig. 1. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLII, fig. 299. * Maryarvn ( Unio) fluctiger LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. Southeast Asia, no doubt. 1 1 believe that Reeve's U. inornatus = Lea's U. asperulus. As Lea had used the name inornatus previous to Reeve for a Unio, he changed the name of the latter to U. versus. 2 A shell labeled Unio bouvieri Nevill in the collection of Frederick Stearns in Detroit is, I believe, the same as U. pugio Benson. I do not know if Nevill ever described U. bouvieri or whether it is only a manuscript name. N0.1205. STXOPSIS OF THE XAIADESSIMPSOX. 815 tNODULARIA SCOBINATA Lea. *Unio scoUnata LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 19, pi. xxvi, fig. 13; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 299, pi. xxvi, fig. 13. * vox MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1860, p. 15. *SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIII, fig. 313. * MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 354, pi. XVH, figs. 2-6. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. *Maryaron ( Unio) scolinatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32, *Unio mandarinw) MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XII, 1863, p. 159. * P.*:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. * Unio pellis-lacerti MORELET, Jl. de Couch, XIII, 1865, p. 22. * SowERBY,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXVI, fig. 457.* MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 355, pi. xvn, fig. 5.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. * Unio venustus MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XIV, 1866, p. 63. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. * Unio oblatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 64.' Siam; Cochin-China; Cambodia. NODULARIA GRATIOSA Philippic * rnio gratiosus PHILIPPI, Conch., 1, 1845, p. 20, pi. i, fig. 5. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Norn., 1845, p. 59.* ? KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 239, pi. LXXX, fig. 3. * Maryarou ( Unio) gratiosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. India probably; Philippi's locality, ]STew Holland, is certainly an error. tNODULARIA CRISPATA Gould. * Unio crispata GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1, 1843, p. 141 ; *Otia Couch., 1862, p. 191. * Unio crispatus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. *HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pi. XLV, fig. 1. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. *Margaron (Unio) criapatua LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 32. British Burma. tNODULARIA NUCLEUS Lea. "Unio nucleus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 26, pi. xxvm, fig. 21; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 303, pi. xxvm, fig. 21. * Margaron ( Unio) nucleus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. Siain. tNODULARIA PHASELUS Lea. * Unio phaselus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, VIII, 1856, p. 94; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 17, pi. xxvi, fig. 11; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 297, pi. xxvi, fig. 11. * Margaron ( Unio) phaselus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. Siain. 'New name for Unio renuslus Morelet, preoccupied by Lea. 2 Philippi's figure is not very distinct, and I can not be sure of what it is, only that it seems to bo a member of this group that I can hardly connect with anything else. He credits it to Parreyss. 816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXU. NODULARIA SCOBINA Hanley. 'Unio seolnna HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 382, pi. xxm, tig. 40.' HANLKY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pi. XLVI, tigs. 2, 3. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. Assam. (Group of Nodularia paaii.) Shell thin, with the hinder point long drawn out; posterior ridge double, low, and sharp, the dorsal line above it straight or incurved; beak sculpture not seen ; surface of the shell smooth, dull olive colored; teeth exceedingly compressed; pseudocardiuals long, lamellar. t NODULARIA PAZII. -Unio pazii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 176; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 61, pi. xxi, fig. 60; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 65, pi. xxi, fig. 60. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcu, fig. 502. * Margaron ( Unio) pazii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. China; Siain; Cambodia. NODULARIA JOURDYI L. Morlet. * Unlo joiirdyi MOKLET, Jl. do Conch., 1886, p. 289, pi. xin, figs. 5, 5a. Tonkin. t NODULARIA INGALLSIANA Lea. " Unio intjallsianun LEA, Tr. Am. Phil Soc., X, 1852, p. 282, pi. xxiv, fig. 41 ; ' Obs., V, 1852, p. 38, pi. xxiv, fig. 41.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491. * REEVE, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvi, fig. 126. * MOUELET, Ser. Couch., IV, 1875, p. 351. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam.. Ill, 1890, p. 155. "Margaron (Unio) inyallsianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 58. Cochin-China; Siian; Cambodia. (Group of Nodular ia trompi.) Shell small, subtrapezoidal, wider behind, slightly inflated, with a rounded posterior ridge ; beaks full, sculpture not seen ; surface covered with very fine, nodulous, somewhat zigzag corrugations, with upcurved posterior ridges on the posterior slope; epidermis reddish brown or black; hinge teeth compressed; pseudocardinals vertically striate. t NODULARIA TROMPI Drouet and Chaper. ' Unio trompi DROUET and CHAFER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 153, pi. vi, figs. 8-10; Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 45. Borneo. (Group of Nodularia olivaria.) Shell thin, inflated, blue green or olive green, smooth, shining, with two or more faint ridges on the posterior slope; beaks and disk almost or quite destitute of sculpture; teeth greatly compressed, lamellar. 1 Credited to Beusou manuscript. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 817 tNODULARIA OLIVARIA Lea. * Unio olivarius LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 108, pi. xvi, fig. 38; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 118, pi. xvi, fig. 38. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 195; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195, pi. xxn, fig. 32.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. vm, figs. 11, lla, 11&. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 244, pi. LXXXII, fig. 2. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxvi, fig. 195.* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pi. x, fig. 1. P^TEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * Margarita ( Unio) olivarius LEA, S.vn., 1836, p. 26 ; 1838, p. 20 ; 1852, p. 30 ; 1870, p. 47. * Uniopumilio KUSTEK. Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 268, pi. xc, fig. 7. India. tNODULARIA NUTTALLIANA Lea. * Unio nuttaUianus LKA.J Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.103; *Obs.,VI, 1857 p. 30, pi. xxx, fig. 25; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 310, pi. xxx, fig. 25. *HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pi. XLI, figs. 5, 6. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p, 161. * Margaron ( Unio) nitttallianns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 74. India. NODULARIA INVOLUTA Benson. * Unio involutus BENSON, Hanley Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 385, pi. xxm, fig. 19. * HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pi. XLI, fig. 2. * P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 156. * Margaron ( Unio) inrolutus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. *Unio involuta SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. xxxiv, fig. 177. Assam. Group of Nodularia contradens.) Shell inflated, obovate, rhomboid, with a slight swelling at the post base, and a well developed posterior ridge; beaks full and high, the sculpture consisting of wavy, zigzag ridges which often extend over the shell as somewhat nodulous corrugations ; pseudocardinals obliquely or vertically striate ; laterals curved, cavity of the beaks rather shallow. tNODULARIA CONTRADENS Lea. * Unio contradens LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 75, pi. xvm, fig. 58; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 75, pi. xvm, fig. 58.* TROSCHEL, Arch, fur Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 237. * HANLEY, Test. Moll. ,1842, p. 209; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209, pi. xxn, fig. 8. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxix, figs. 4, 4a,45. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxix, fig. 149. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 148. * Margarita ( Unio) coniradens LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 25. * Margaron ( Unio) contradens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 46. * t Uniojavanus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285 ; * Tr. A.m. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 220, pi. xvm, fig. 37; *0bs., Ill, 1842, p. 58, pi. xvm, tig. 36. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxvm, figs. 4, 4a, 4fc. * KUSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 138, pi. XLI, fig. 3 ; 1861, p. 236, pi. LXXIX, figs. 4, 6.* SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xc, fig. 489.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 155. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 52 818 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. ' Mttrgaron (Unio) jaranns LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30. "Unio erilis DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mai.. III., 1846, p. 109. Moussox, L. uml S. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 92, pi. xvi, fig. 3. *Margaron (Unio) cxills LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29. *Unio mutatns MOUSSON, L. und S. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 92, pi. xvi, figs. 1, 2; Zeits. fiir Mai., VII, 1851, p. 46; *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Kec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. *P,*;TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 18PO, p. 160. *Margaron ( Unio) mutalus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29. *Tnio mederianus KUSTER, ' Conch. Cub. Unio, 1861, p. 242, pi. LXXX, fig. 7. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. Java. t NODULARIA DIMOTA Lea. * Unio sumatreensis, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 153; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 239, pi. xxxiv, fig. 118; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 57. pi. xxxiv, fig, 118.* P.*TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Maryaron ( Unio) dimoius, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. - * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. 15 Sumatra. NODULARIA FISCHERIANIA L. Morlet. * Unio fischerianus, L. MOKLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXI, 1883, p. 109, pi. iv, fig. 6. * PJETKL, Conch. Sam., III. 18?0, p. 152. Cambodia. t NODULARIA ANODONT^FORMIS Tapperone-Canefri. * Unio (Microdontia) anodonta-formis TAPPEROXE-CAXEFRI, Ann. Mus. Genov., XIX, 1883, p. 295, pi. xi, figs. 3-5. * I'nio anodonla'formis P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. New Guinea. t NODULARIA SACELLUS Drouet and Chaper. * Unio sacellus DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 148, pi. v, figs. 4-6; Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 43. Borneo. t NODULARIA LUGENS Drouet and Chaper. 4 * Unio l>iroductn8 MOUSSON, L. uncl S. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 93, pi. xvn, figs. 3-5; Zeits. fiir Mai., VII, 1851, p. 46. " I'nio j>rodi(ctior'L-EA, Syn., 1852, p. 29. * vox MARTKNS, Mai. B1.,XIV, 1866, p. 16.* II. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. Java. Section RADIATTJI.A, Simpson, (Type, I'nin crinpisulcatns Benson.) Shell rather solid, triangular oval, with high beaks which are but little inflated, not very full at post base, bluntly pointed behind, the beaks and entire surface covered with radiating, occasionally slightly zigzag or divaricate ridges which are cut more or less into nodules or cancellations by concentric sulcations, the sculpture of the posterior slope stronger, and curving upward; pseudocardinals of the left valve 2 to 3, ragged, the anterior larger, two in the right valve, with a parallel sided socket, the larger teeth compressed but rather solid. ' fNODULARIA CR1SPISULCATA Benson. " I'nio cri8}>isnJcatu8 LEA, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 193. " SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLIX, fig. 262. *HAXLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6., pi. xi, fig. 5. *P.*;TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. "Margaron (Unio) crispisulcatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. Burma. NODULARIA LIMA Simpson. * Unio radula BENSON,* in Hanley, Biv. Shells, Snpp., 1856, p. 382. *HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pi. x, fig. 3. * P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. " Dysnomla radula ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 42. Assam; Cambodia. Section CJELATURA Conrad. 1853. (Type, Unto teyyptiacus Cailliaud.) Shell elliptical, pointed or rounded behind, usually slightly produced at the post base; beak sculpture consisting of zigzag ridges which are generally quite pustulous, the sculpture often extending on to the usu- ally rayed disk; teeth compressed; pseudocardinals lamellar. Animal described under Nodularia. (See page 806.) (Group of Nodularia cegyptiaca.) Characters the same as of the section. 'Notwithstanding the considerable difference between this group and all other Nodularias there are species such as occatus, which seem to stand between it and the cccruleus group, and show the relationship of the two. 2 The name radula was used by Say for a I'nio in 182;>. I change Benson's name as above. I am not positive as to the relationship of this species. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 821 t NODULARIA ^EGYPTIACA Cailliaud. * Unio species nuovo SAVIGNY, Icon. Moli. Egypt, 1813, pi. vn, figs. 3-6. Unio (Kgyptiaca CAILLIAUD, Voy. si Me'roe', II, 1826, pi. LXI, figs. 6. 7.' *DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., 1835, p. 553; *Enc. Me"th. , II, 1830, p. 587. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. * Margarita ( Unio) egyptiacus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 21. * Margaron ( Unto) egyptiacus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. * Unio egyptiacus HANLEY.Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198 ; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pi. xx, fig. 56. *KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 157, pi. XLV, fig. 2. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. "REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvi, fig. 132. * WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 179.* VON MARTENS, Mai. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 11. *MORELET, Moll. Terr.etFlnv. 1868, p. 97. *JICKELI (part) Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 271, pi. x, figs. 1-8. * KOBELT, Icon., new ed., 1886, p. 25, pi. XLIV, figs. 262-265. "Unio encyphus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et. Mag., IX, 1857, p. 19, pi. in, figs. 1-3. * P^TEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 152. * Unio bourguignall LANDRAN, Seance Soc. Sci. Nat. Seine, 1864, p. 5, pi. , figs. 1-3. * Pharaonia bourgiiignati ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., Ill, 1886, p. 113. Xile system; High Cazamance, West Africa (Vignon); both sides of the equator in Central Africa (Dohrn). t NODULARIA NILOTICA Cailliaud. Unio nilotica CAILLIAUD, Voy. a Me'roe, II, 1826, pi. LXI, figs. 8, 9. * DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 522 ; * Enc. Mc'th., II, 1830, p. 585. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 197, pi. xxi, fig. 39.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. * vox MARTENS, Mai. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 13. *P^:TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 161. * WESTERLUXD, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 180. * Margarita ( Unio) niloticus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29 ; 1838, p. 21. * Margaron ( Unio) niloticus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50. Unio pumil us ZEIGLER, manuscript, and of authors. * Unio parreyssi PHILIPPI, Conch., Ill, 1848, p. 81, pi. v, fig. 6. * JICKELI, Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 373. * Unio rugifer KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 157, pi. XLV, figs. 3,4. "VON MARTENS, Mai. BL, XIII, 1866, p. 12.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 180. * Unio sennaariensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 280, pi. xciv, figs. 5 ? 6. '' P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. * Unio aneus JICKELI, Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 274, pi. ix, fig. 2. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. * Unio charbonnieri BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 9. "Icon. Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xx, figs. 1, 2. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. *Unio couJboisi BOURGUIGNAT, Uu. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 12; *Icon. Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xx, figs. 3, 4. *P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. *Unio dromatixi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 17; * Icon. Mai. Tan , 1888, pi. xxn, figs. 1. 2. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 151. 1 This species is often credited to Ferussac, but I do not know that he ever described it. It is considered by many to be the same as Nodularia nilotica, but the compar- ison of large series of material and authentic specimens in the Lea collection from Cailliaud incline me to separate them. There is, however, great variation in their characters, but aigyptiaca is a thinner, more rounded shell than niloticus, and has lamellar pseudo-cardinals. 822 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. NODULARIA NILOTICA var. GERRARDI von Martens. *Unio f/errardi VON MARTENS, Bescli. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 223, pi. v'n, fig. 5. Nile system; Lake Tanganyika; Senegal and High Ca/amance (Viguon). NODULARIA BAGDADENSIS Bourguignat. 1 *Unio baydadensis BOURGCIGXAT, Test. Nov. Saulc., 1852, p. 30; 'Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 78, pi. iv, figs. 4-6. *Margaron (Unio) bagdadensis LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. Bagdad, on the Tigris Kiver. NODULARIA RANDABELI Bourguignat. 2 * Unio randabeli BOCRGUIGXAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 22; "Icon. Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xxi, figs. 3, 4.* PASTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. Lake Tanganyika. t NODULARIA ESSOENSIS Chaper. Tnio essoensis CHAPKK, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fv.,X. 1885, p. 481, pi. xi, figs. 8, 9. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. Assini, west coast of Africa. NODULARIA DECAMPSIANA Wattebled. :! *Uniodecamp8ianii8 WATTEBLED, Jl. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p. 132, pi. vn, fig. 1. *P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * I'nio campsiamis P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. Western Soudan. NODULARIA BELLAMYI Jousseaume. Tharaon'ui. bcllamyi JOUSSKAUMK, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 486, pi. xll, figs. la, Ib. Faraba, on the Niger; High Senegal. NODULARIA RENEA Jousseaume. *Renens renews JOUSSEAUMK, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 482, pi. xii, figs. 4a, I //. *Reneus faidherli JOCSSEAUMK, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 483, pi. xn, figs. 5, 5a. Niger at Kayon; Senegal Kiver; High Senegal. 'This appears from the figures and description to be a member of the .Etjyptlaca group of Nodularla. It is possible tbat it came from Asia Minor, but more likely that it is au African species. The Unio eucyphus of Bourguignat, which he credits to this region, is believed by Lea to be the l~. wgijptiacus of Cailliaud, aud I agree with him. Unio laydadcnsis may be merely a peculiar form of the same thing. 2 This may possibly be distinct from J\". vilolica, or it may only be an oddly formed specimen. S I can not bo positive as lo the systematic position of this species, but it probably belongs here. NO. 1205. tyyorsrs OF THE NAIADES snirxoy. 823 *NODULARIA FOULADOUGOUENSIS Jousseaume. *Reneu*fouladouyouen8i8 JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 485, pi. xn, figs. 6, 6a. Fouladougou, Niger; High Senegal. t NODULARIA GABONENSIS Kuster. " Unio gabonensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 291, pi. xcvn, fig. 1. P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. Maryaron (Unio) gabonensls'Lv.A., Syn., 1870, p. 47. Gaboon Kiver, West Africa. t NODULARIA ^QUITORIA Morelet. * Unio a-quitorius MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XV, 1885, p. 31, pi. u, fig. 9. 1 * P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 144. * Unio landanensis SCHEPMAN, Notes Leyden Mus.,VIII, 1891, p. 113, pi. vm, figs. 3, 36. Congo drainage. NODULARIA HOREI E. A. Smith. ' Unio horei E. A. SMITH, Ann. and Mag., VI, 1880, p. 429; * Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 299, pi. xxxiv, fig. 37. * CROSSE, Jl. de Conch., XXXIX, 1881, p. 133. * VON MARTENS, Beach. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 235. * Grandidieria horei BOURGNIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6. Lake Tanganyika. NODULARIA BORELLII Ancey. * Unioborellii ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr.,VII, 1894, p. 226, fig. 2.* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 227. Lake Nyassa and vicinity. NODULARIA EMINI von Marte.ns. * Unio emini VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 224, pi. vii, fig. 14. Victoria Nyauza. NODULARIA BOHMI von Martens. * Unio bohmi VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 223, pi. vn, fig. 9. Lake Tanganyika. NODULARIA AMBIFARIA von Martens. *Unio ambifarins vox MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 225, pi. vn, fig. 20. . Dar-es-Ssalain, East Africa. NODULARIA LECHAPTOISI Ancey. * Unio lechaptoisi ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 228, fig. 3.* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 226. Shire Kiver, Lake Nyassa. Doubtfully distinct from yabonensis. 824 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL xxn. NODULARIA LIEDERI von Martens. * Unio liederi vox MARTENS, Besch. Dents. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 226, pi. vn, fig. 19. Lake Nyassa. NODULARIA CALATHUS Bourgnignat. 1 * Unio calathns BOURGXIGXAT, Esp. Oak. et Tan., 1885, p. 23. Tanganyika. NODULARIA BAKOYI Rochebrune. r,iio bakoyi ROCHKBRUNK, Bull. Soc. Phil., 7th ser., VI, 1882, p. 33. Bakoy, High Senegal. NODULARIA RAD I OTA Charmes. *Unio radiotus CHARMKS, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 188~i, p. 166. Central Africa. NODULARIA JULIANI Rang. *Uniojuliain RAXO, Xouv. Ann. Mus., 1835, p. 309. Senegal. (Group of Nodularia kunenensis.) Shell elliptical, subinflated, solid, narrowly biangulate behind, the point of the shell being about midway up the height, the post-base inflated, beaks full, eroded in the specimen figured but no doubt zigzag sculptured; whole surface of the shell covered with wavy corrugations; epidermis brownish; one rather solid, deeply incised pseudocardinal in the. right valve, two in the left; nacre yellowish white; muscle scars deep. Animal unknown. NODULARIA KUNENENSIS Mousson. * Unio kunenensis Moussox, Jl. de Conch., XXXV, 1887, p. 300, pi. x.i, fig. 10. *SMITH, Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1891, p. 319. Head of Kuneue River, North Ovainpo, Southwest Africa. Section CAFFERIA Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio coffer Krauss.) Shell elongated or elliptical, rhomboid and solid when old; beaks full, the sculpture corrugated zigzag, the ridges often extending over the disk; epidermis yellowish-brown to nearly black, dull colored, some- what sulcate; teeth rather strong, muscle scars deep, well defined. (Group of Nodularia caffer. Characters as in the section.) 'This and the following species are unfigured, and are referred hy von Martens and others to this group. I know nothing of them. I am a little in doubt as to the affinities of some of the above-figured species which I have not seen, but they are placed here on the excellent authority of von Martens. NO. 1205 SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSOX. 825 tNODULARIA CAFFER Krauss. *Unio coffer KRAUSS, Sud. Af. Moll., 1848, p. 18, pi. i, fig. 14. *Ku8TER (part), Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 143, pi. XLII, fig. 2. *HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 385, pi. xxi, fig. 40. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Eec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLI, fig. 226. * SMITH, Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1891. p. 317.' *P.*TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 147. * Margaron (Unio) caffer LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 48. *1Unio schu-erzenbachii BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. efc Mag., 1856, p. 71. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLIV, fig. 241. * t Unio rerreauxianus LKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; Obs., VI, 1857, p. 21, pi. xxvi, fig. 16; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 301, pi. xxvu, fig. 16.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXIX, fig. 352.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. * Margaron (Unio) verreauxianusl^KA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. * Unio verreauxi P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. *Unio ' navigoliformia LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 152; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 248, pi. xxxvii, fig. 124; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 63, pi. xxxvn, fig. 124. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxiv, fig. 114. * PJETEL, C. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. * Margaron ( Unio) navigoliformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. *t Unio naialensisLKA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VIII, 1864, p. 113; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 59, pi. xx, fig. 57 ; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 63, pi. xx, fig. 57.* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXI, fig. 362.* P^ETEL, Conch. Sim., Ill, 1890, p. 160. * Margaron ( Unio) natalensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. * Unio rectilinearis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXV, fig. 332. 2 tNODULARIA CAFFER var. AFRICANA Lea. * Unio africanus LEA,Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1857, p. 300, pi. xxvu, fig. 115; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 20, pi. xxvn, fig. 15. * RKEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxn, fig. 100. * Margaron ( Unio) africanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. * Unio caffer KUSTF.R (part), Conch. Cab. Uuio, 1856, p. 143, pi. XLII, fig. 3. * Unio niloticus KUSTER, Couch. Cab. Unio. 1856, p. 158, pi. XLV, fig. 5. tNODULARIA CAFFER var. VAALENSIS Chaper. * Unio raalenais CHAPER, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., X, 1885, p. 480, pi. xi, figs. 1-3. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. South Africa. NODULARIA TRAVERSII Pollonera. 3 * Unio iraversii POLLOXERA, Bull. Soc. Mai. It., XIII, 1888, p. 85, pi. in, figs. 14, 15. Ha wash River, Shoa, Africa. 'According to Smith the above, U. rerreauxianus Lea, africanus Lea, naialensis Lea, and vaalensis Chapef, are all one species. I think he is right, but it seems to me that one or two of these forms are worthy of varietal names. I have seen the types of most and authentic specimens of all of them. s Said to come from the Columbia River, but it did not. 3 Possibly a variety of N. caffer. 826 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. NODULARIA JICKELI Simpson. * f Unto teretlusculiia JICKELI,' Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 27(5, pi. xi, figs. 3, 3a, 36. Northeast Africa. NODULARIA ACUMINATA H. Adams. * Unio acuminates H. ADAMS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 376. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 143. "SMITH, Ann. and Mag., X, 1892, p. 127, pi. xn, fig. 12. *vov MARTENS, Besch. Dents. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 227, pi. vn, figs. 11, 12. Lake Albert Nyaiiza. NODULARIA DEMBE^E Reeve. *Unio dembew REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxix, fig. 153. * JICKELI, Faun. Moll. A f., 1874, p. 275, pi. ix, figs. 3-4. * ROSSMASSLER, Bull. Soc. Mai. It., XIII, 1888, p. 84.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam , III, 1890, p. 150. Abyssinia. NODULARIA LOURDELLI Bourguignat. * Unio lourdelll BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., IV, 1887, p. 271. * SMITH, Ann. and Mag., X, 1892, p. 128, pi. xn, figs. 13-15.* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 228. Victoria Nyanza Lake. NODULARIA ABYSSINICA von Martens. * Unio abyssinictts VON MARTENS, Mai. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 102; *XIV, 1867, p. 17. MICKELI, Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 278, pi. ix, fig. 5; X, fig. 10. v P.KTEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 143. Abyssinia. NODULARIA DIMINUTA Lea. " I 'n io (Uminutis LEA, 2 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859 p. 151 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I860, p. 254, pi. xxxix, fig. 134; "Obs., VII, 1860, p. 72, pi. xxxix, fig. 134. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxvm, fig. 141. * JICKELI, Faun. Moll. Af., 1874, p. 280. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 150. * Maryaron (Unio) diminutus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. " Unio f) ratios as P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. East Africa. Tbe following un figured species are said to belong here: * Unio mandinyuorum ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil , 7th ser., VI, 1882, p. 34. Bakoy, High Senegal. * Unio zeyheri, MENKE, Zeits. fiir Mai., VI, 1848. p. 28. South Africa. teretinsculua Philippi, but a larger elongate solid rhomboid form, which is certainly distinct. I therefore name it in honor of Jickeli. 2 So in the first published description, probably a typographical error. I am not certain as to the relationships of the species, but presume that it belongs here. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE XJfADESSIMPSOX. 827 (Group of Nodularia fissidens.} Shell solid, compressed, subelliptical to subrhomboid, with rather full beaks, which have radiate, corrugated sculpture extending out on the disk as wavy sulcations, and changing near the edge to plain sulcations; posterior ridge low, rounded; hinge strong; right valve with two pseudocardinals, the lower the larger, showing a tendency to split up, and having a gape in the plate behind, and having one lateral; two pseudocardinals in the left, somewhat split, and two laterals; muscle scars deep, distinct. NODULARIA FISSIDENS Bottger. * Uio(Hyridella)Jis8iden8BiyrTG'ER,Ber. Senck. Ges., 1886, p. 27, pi. n, figs. 6ab,lab. Kalahari Desert. Southwest Africa. NODULARIA HYGAPANUS Bottger. * Unto (Hyridella) hygapanus BOTTGER, Ber. Seuck. Ges., 1886, p. 26, pi. n, fig. 6. Kalahari Desert. I am not certain as to the relationships of these two species. Genus HARMANDIA Roehebrune, 1882. ^Type, Harmandia somboriensis Rochebrune.) Harmandia ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 45. Shell subtrapezoidal, subalate, rather thin, posteriorly compressed, with low beaks and irregularly radial sculpture, a few of the ribs con- verging at the center of the disk, the rest becoming divaricate and covering the shell, those of the posterior slope springing from the rib on the low, posterior ridge; epidermis gray green; left valve with two arcuate, compressed, elongate pseudocardinals in front and a triangular cardinal under the beak, the right with two pseudocardinals in front and a pit under the beak ; there are two nearly straight lamellar laterals in each valve, and a small, up curved lamella above them near their posterior ends ; anterior muscle scars deep ; nacre white, brilliant, show- ing the outside sculpture. Animal unknown. HARMANDIA SOMBORIENSIS Rochebrune. * Harmandia somboriensis ROCHEBRUNK, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 46, pi. i, figs. 1-3.. Eapids of Sombor sombor, Mekong. Genus GRANDIDIERIA Bou^guignat, 188S. (Type, Unio bitrtoni Woodward.) Grandidieria BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6. Shell small, oval, rounded or rhomboid, solid, much inflated, generally narrowly biangulate behind, often apparently of two forms, one more 828 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. inflated in the basal and post-basal parts than the other; beaks high, and pointed, curved forward and inward, very delicately and beauti- fully sculptured with zigzag line, which become finely nodulous and sulcate on the disk, especially in front and behind; posterior ridge well developed, often slightly double; hinge line curved; two pseudocardi- nals in the right valve separated by a parallel-sided socket, one or two in the left, with often an irregular, triangular, ragged tooth under the beak which is frequently reflexed; one obliquely striate lateral in the right valve and two in the left; nacre of peculiarly soft, rich texture, white, coppery, or purplish, delicately radiate; beak cavities moderate; muscle scars distinct. 1 f GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI Woodward. T'nio burtoni WOODWARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 348, pi. XLVII, fig. 2; *Ann. and Mag., V, 1860, p. 338. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVII, fig. 251. * SMITH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 297, pi. xxxiv, figs. 33, 336.* vox MARTENS, Beach. Dents. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 237. * Margaron ( Unio) burtoni LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. * Grandidieria burtoni BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6. * Grandidieria cijrenopsis BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 9, pi. i, figs. 7-9 ; * Icon. Mai. Tan., 1888, pi. xix, figs. 1-3. GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI var. SERVAINIANA Bourguignat. * Grandidieria serrainiana BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr.. II, 1885, p. 6. * Unio burtoni var. servainiana VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238. GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI var. INSIGNIS Bourguignat. * Grandidieria insignia BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Onk. Tan., 1885, p. 16. * Unio burloni var. insignia VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238. GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI var. STURANYI von Martens. Grandidieria STURANY, Baumann, Durch Massailand, 1894, p. 6, pi. xxiv, fig. 31; xxv, fig. 35. Unio burtoni var. sturanyi VON MARTENS, Besch. Dents. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238. Lake Tanganyika. t GRANDIDIERIA TANGANYICENSIS Smith. * Unio tanganuicensis SMITH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 351, pi. xxxi, p. 9, 9a; * Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1881, p. 298, pi. xxxiv, tig. 35. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. leg. 1 ' vox MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 240. * Grandidieria tanganikana BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7. Lake Tanganyika. 1 Bourguignat, by a most brilliant stroke, placed this group in the Corbiculidm, and stated that he knew twenty-five species, and had no doubt that there would be at least oue hundred when a thorough search is made. The group is an exceedingly difficult and variable oue, and, judging from the large number of species he has founded on the most trivial variations, we may consider it exceedingly fortunate that he never saw the other seventy-five. I have seen but a limited amount of material, but I am led to believe that two forms of the same species often exist, as in Lamp- silis and allied genera, and which may be male and female shells. I know nothing of the animal and I am unable to do justice to the genus. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 829 tGRANDIDIERIA SMITHI Bourguignat. * Unio burtoni SMITH (part), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, pi. xxxiv, fig. 33a. * Grandidieria smithi BOUHGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7. * Unio burtoni var. smithi VON MARTENS, Besch. Beats. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238. Lake Tanganyika. GRANDIDIERIA GRAVIDA Bourguignat. * Grandidieria gravida BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7, pi. i, figs. 1-6; * Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 41, pi. xvm, figs. 11-16. * Grandidieria rostrala BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 10, pi. i, figs. 10-12 ; * Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 41, pi. xvm, figs. 17-19. * Unio rostralis vox MARTKNS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238. Lake Tanganyika. tGRANDIDIERIA THOMSONI Smith. * Unio thomsoni SMITH, Ann. and Mag., VI, 1880, p. 430; *Proc. Zool. Soc. Loncl., 1881, p. 299, pi. xxxiv, fig. 36.* CROSSE, Jl. de Conch., XXIV, 181, p. 133. * VON MARTKNS, Besch. Dents. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 240. * Grandidieria thomsoni BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7; *Moll. Gir. Tan., 1885, p. 100. * Grandidieria corbicula BOURGUIGNAT, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 100; *Moll. Gir. Tan., 1885, p. 100; *Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pi. xix, figs. 10-12. * Grandidieria granulosa BOURGUIGNAT, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 102 ; * Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pi. xix, figs. 1, 2. ^Grandidieria singularis BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pi. xix, fijs. 18-20 Lake Tanganyika. GRANDIDIERIA RHYNCHONELLA Bourgingnat. * Grandidieria rhynchonella BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pi. xix, figs. 16, 17. Lake Tanganyika. GRANDIDIERIA CALLISTA Bourginjnat. *Grandidieria callista BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pi. xix, figs. 13-15.' Lake Tanganyika. GRANDIDIERIA BOURGUIGNATI Joubert. * Grandidieria bourguignati JOUBERT in Bourguiguat, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pi. xix, figs. 7-9. Lake Tanganyika. GRANDIDIERIA ANCEYI Bourguignat. * Unio burtoni SMITH, (part) Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 297, pi. xxxiv, fig. 33a. * Grandidieria anceyi BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. et Tail., 1885, p. 15; Moll. Tan.,. 1888, p. 43, pi. xix, tigs. 4-6. 2 Lake Tanganyika. 1 Probably a strangely distorted form of some other species. 2 1 am satisfied that Smith's figure 33a is not burtoni, but a valid species G, anceyi Bourguignat. 830 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. The following are un figured species of Grandidieria : G. rotundata Bourguignat, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 98. G. mira Bourguignat, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 96. G. locardiana Bourguignat, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p. 18. G. incarnata Bourguignat, Moll. Gir., 1885, p. 101. G. giraudi Bourguignat, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 95. G. elomjata Bourguiguat, Moll. Gir., 1885, p. 14. Genus PHYSUNIO, Simpson, 19OO. (Type, Unio graeidus Lea.) Shell thiii, irregularly obovate, narrowed in front, decidedly produced at post base, pointed behind and posteriorly winged, with a moderate posterior ridge and often a second or third faint ridge above it; beak sculpture zigzag radial, somewhat disposed in two sets, the one down the posterior ridge slightly nodulous; posterior slope having irregular radial corrugations, the rest of the shell smooth; epidermis often cloth- like, with one or more green rays on the posterior slope; hinge line curved; a single obliquely grauularly striate pseudocardiual and gen- erally three laterals in the left valve, and two pseudocardinals and two laterals in the right, all greatly compressed; beak cavities deep; mus- cle scars irregular; nacre bright, bluish, and iridescent. Animal unknown. Section PHYSUNIO Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio gravidus Lea.) Shell inflated; beak cavities deep and rounded. f PHYSUNIO GRAVIDUS Lea. * UniograridusL-EA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,VJII, 1856, p. 93; Obs., VI, 1857, p. 12, pi. xxiv, fig. 5; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 292, pi. xxiv, fig. 5. * VON MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 14. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. LII, fig. 271. *MOREJLET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 347. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 154. * Margaron ( Unio) gravidus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. * Lampsilis gravidus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 43. * Unio alnormis MOBELET, Rev. et Mag., XIV, 1862, p. 480. s Unio 8uperl)U8 SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, p. LIX, fig. 295. Siam; Cambodia; Cochin China. t PHYSUNIO SUPERBUS Lea. * Unio superbus LEA, Desc. 12 New Uniones. 1843 (no pagination); Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845, p. 281, pi. XLII, fig. 11; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 39, pi. XLII, fig. 11. H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498. * VON MARTENS, Mai. Bl., XIV, 1866, p. 14. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. * Margaron (Unio) superbus LEA, Syn", 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. * Unio velaris HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 385, pi. xxm, fig. 42.' *Unio massini MOUELET, Jl. de Conch., XII, 1864, p. 288; Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 348, pi. xv, figs. 1, 3. V P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. Sumatra; Cochin China. 1 Credited to Benson manuscript. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 831 PHYSUNIO CROSSEI Deshayes and Julien. "Unto crosaei DESHAYES and JULIEN, N. Arch. Mus., X, 1874, p. 124, pi. vi, figs. 5-7.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. Cambodia; Cochin China. t PHYSUNIO MICROPTERUS Morelet. * Unio micropterus MORELET, Jl. do Conch., XIV, 1866, p. 63;. Ser. Couch., IV, 1875, p. 349, pi. xv, fig. 7.* P.ETEL, Couch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 158. Siam; Cambodia. PHYSUNIO SEMIALATUS Deshayes and Julien. * Unio semialatus DESHAYES and JULIEN, N. Arch. Mus., X, 1874, p. 123, pi. vi, figs. 1,2.' Siain; Cambodia. t PHYSUNIO CAMBODIENSIS Lea.- * Unio camlodiensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 103; Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phil., Ill, 1857, p. 313, pi. xxx, fig. 28; Obs., VI, 1857, p. 33, pi. xxx, fig. 28. * Margaron (Unio) camlodiensis LKA, Syn., 1870, p. ,42. Takroug River at Korat, Cambodia Section LENS Simpson, 1900. (Type, Unio eximius Lea.) Sbell sublenticular ; three laterals of left valve distinct; cavity of tbe beaks compressed. t PHYSUNIO EXIMIUS Lea. * Unio eximius LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; Obs., VI, 1857, p. 14, pi. xxv, fig. 8; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1858, p. 294, pi. xxv, fig. 8. * VON MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXXIX, fig. 481. * P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. * Margaron ( Unio) eximius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. Unio semiquadrata SOWEKBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XLVIII, fig. 258. * Unio semiquadratus P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. Siam; Cambodia. PHYSUNIO VELARIS Sowerby. * Unio relaris SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXII, fig. 368. 3 * P^TEL, * Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. Assam. 1 Fischer believes that the above equals U. micropterus Morelet (Cat., p. 142). I feel sure he is wrong, and that this is a valid species. 2 1 have only seen the type of this, a very young shell, but it probably belongs to the grai-idus group. ? A compressed shell of a uniform yellow color, probably only a variety of eximius. 832 mOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXII. Genus DALLIELLA Simpson 19OO. (Type Anodonta purpurea Valenciennes. 1 ) Shell subtrapezoidal, generally thin, inflated, with a low, rounded posterior ridge and rather full beaks which have somewhat zigzagged radial sculpture, with a row of chevron -shaped folds running some dis- tance down the posterior riJge, and with line corrugations in front of the beaks; epidermis somewhat cloth-like; substance of the shell of a peculiar purplish -brown tint; hinge line narrow; teeth imperfectl developed, sometimes reduced to mere rudiments, when present con- sisting of greatly compressed, feeble, pseudocardiuals and laterals; beak cavities rather shallow; dorsal scars one to a few, scattered; muscle scars faint; prismatic border wide. Animal unknown. (Group of Dalliella purpurea.} Shell not biangulate behind, rather smooth; nacre coppery purple; teeth A r ery faint, compressed. t DALLIELLA PURPUREA Valenciennes. "Anodonta purpurea VALENCIENXES, Rec. Obs. Zool., IT, 1833, p. 236, pi. XLVIII bis, figs. 3, 3a, 3b. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.* vox MARTENS, Mai Bl., XIV, 1866, p. 12.^ * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 77, pi. xix, fig. 1. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 183. * Margarita (Anodonta) purpurea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51 ; 1838, p. 30. * Anodon purpurea CATLOW and REEVE, Couch. Norn., 1845, p. 67. *Margaron (Anodonta) purpurea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79. * t Anodonta bttrrougltiana, LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 105, pi. xvi, fig. 49; * Obs., 1, 1834, p. 217, pi. xvi, fig. 49." CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. AUG., 1875, p. 164, pi. LIV, figs. 3, 4.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 177. * Margaron (Anodonta) bitrroughana, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. * Anodon burroughianus, SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxvn, fig. 103. * t Margarita ( Unio) bengalensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. * Unio bengalensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 3, pi. n, fig. 3; * Obs., II, 1838, p. 3, pi. n, fig. 3.* TROSCHEL, Arch, fiir Nat., V, 1839, pi. n, p. 233. * HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pi. xxi, fig. 50. * CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.* CHENU, 111. Conch., 1858, pi. xxn, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 228, pi. LXXVII, figs. 2, 3.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. * Margaron (Unio) bengalensis LEA, Syii., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47. * Anodon bengalensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xiv, fig. 49. * Anodonta benyalensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 173, pi. LVII, fig. 1. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 177. M Unio rerecundus GOULD, Pr. Boat. S. N. Hist., Ill, 1850, p. 295; * U. S. Expl. Exp., XII, 1852, p. 431, figs. 541, 541a, 5416, 541c ; * Otia Couch., 1862, p. 89. 'Some of the species placed here have been classed with Anodonta, but almost any large series of specimens of any species will show variation from edentulous to toothed forms. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 833 *KEEVK, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pi. xxv, fig. 125. * PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 171. * Unio mauritianus LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 1?2; * Jl. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 257, pi. XL, fig. 138 ; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 75, pi. XL, fig. 138. * Maryaron (Unio) manritianus LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 42. ' ? Anodonta heldii KCSTEK, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 64, pi. xix, fig. 1. Anodonta chinensis KUSTER? Where? Philippines. The localities India and Mauritius given for this species are no doubt erroneous. tDALLIELLA CREPERA Lea. * Anodonta crepera LEA, Pr. Zool. Soc. Loncl., 1850, p. 198; * Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1851, p. 494. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. * LEA, Jl. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 238, pi. LXXXIV, fig. 117; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 56, pi. xxxiv, fig. 117. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 97, pi. xxix, figs. 5, 6.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 178. *%Anodon creperus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, No. 16. Margaron (Anodonta} crepera LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 80. Luzon Island, Philippines. tDALLIELLA TENUIS Lea. * Anodonta tennis LEA, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 198; *Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1851, p. 494 ; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 237, pi. xxxm, fig. 116 ; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 55, pi. xxxm, fig. 116. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. * MUSGRAVE, Phot. Couch., 1863, pi. i, fig. 8. * CLESSIN, Couch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 99, pi. xxx, figs. 3, 4. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. *Margaron (Anodonta) tennis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 53; 1870, p. 83. *Anodon tennis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pi. xv, fig. 55. Luzon Island, Philippines. tDALLIELLA SUBCRASSA Lea. * Anodonta subcrassa LEA, Pr. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1850, p. 198 ; *Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1851, p. 495 ; * .11. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 236. pi. xxxm, fig. 115; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 54, pi. xxxm, fig. 115.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.* MUSGRAVE, Phot. Couch., 1863, pi. i, fig. 3. * CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 98, pi. xxxi, figs. 1, 2. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 185. * Margaron (Anodonta) subcrassa LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 81. *Anodon subcrassa SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pi. xm, fig. 42. Luzon. tDALLIELLA GRACILIS Lea. * Anodonta gracilis LEA, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 197; *Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1851, p. 193; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 239, pi. xxxiv, fig. 119; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 57, pi. xxxiv, fig. 119.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. *CLESSIX, Couch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 99, pi. xxix, figs. 3, 4. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 180. * Margaron (Anodonta) yracilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. Dingle, Isle of Panay, Philippines. Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 53 834 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MTSETM. VOL.XXII. DALLIELLA SERRADELLI Drouet. * I'tiio serradelli DROUKT, Jl. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 86. Philippines. (Group of Dalliella insularis.) Shell subsolid, subrhomboidal biaugulate behind, pseudocardinals and laterals blurred, not greatly compressed; nacre lurid, tinged purplish. t DALLIELLA INSULARIS Drouet. *Pseudodon insularis DROUET, Rev. Biol. Fr., VI, 1894, p. 217, fig. 2. Borneo; Palawan Island, Philippines. t DALLIELLA CRASSA Drouet. *Pseudodon crassus DROUET, Jl. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 93. *DROUET and CHAPEH, Me"m. Soc. Zool. de Fr., V, 1892, p. 151, pi. vi, figs. 1-3. Borneo. The following is an unflgured species. * Unio semmelinki vox MAKTENS, Sitzber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Ber., 1891, p. 111. Southeast Borneo. Possibly a Dalliella. Genus PSEUDODON Gould, 1844. (Type, Anodon salwiniana Gould.) Paeudodon GOULD, Pr. Boat. Soc. Nat. His., 1844, p. 161. Monodontina CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 269. Triyonodon CONRAD, Am. Jl. Couch., 1, 1865, p. 233. Monocondylus MORELET, Rev. et Mag., 1866, p. 167. Pseudodus DE MORGAN, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr.,X, 1885, p. 422. Shell oval to elongate, having two posterior ridges and often one or two slight, radiating elevations above on the posterior slope, above which there is usually a small wing; beaks rather low, sculpture unknown ; ' epidermis dark, often having a few faint wrinkles on the posterior slope, without rays when adult. There is a single, smooth tooth in each valve, with occasional vestiges of a second; laterals nearly or quite wanting; beak cavities shallow: dorsal scars conspicu- ous, deep, distinct, 4 to 7 in a row under the hinge; anterior scars irreg- ular; nacre generally dull and lurid. Animal 2 having the branchiae wide and rounded behind, becoming 'One or two authors in describing species say that the beaks are entirely smooth. It is probable that in most oases they have zigzag radial sculpture. Although I have examined a large number of shells belonging to the group, many of which were young, they were all so badly eroded that the beak sculpture was entirely destroyed. 2 Deshayes and Julien figure but do not describe the animal of P. moreleti in Nouv. Arch, de Mus., X, pi. v. I am only able to make out part of the characters from this really excellent figure. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 835 narrow in front; palpi enormously long, apparently slender, pointed behind, where they project free for some distance; mantle thin, with a wide, slightly thickened border, faintly papillose behind, there seeming to be but little distinction between anal and branchial openings; anal opening apparently smooth. Section STJBORBICtTLUS Simpson, 1900. (Type, Monocondylun orbiciiJaris Morelet.) Shell compressed, nearly round in outline, feebly biangulate, and hav- ing a posterior dorsal wing; beaks low; hinge with a single, com- pressed, smooth, slightly curved, triangular tooth in each valve. PSEUDODON ORBICULARIS Morelet. * Monocondylus orbicularis MORELET, Rev. et Mag., XVIII, 1866, p. 167. * Pseitdodon orbicularis MOKELKT, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 338, pi. xvi, fig. 5. * Monocondyla-a orbicularis P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. Siam; Cambodia. Section TB.IGONODON Conrad, 1865. Shell solid, compressed, rhomboid, round in front, widely and faintly biangulate and rough behind; surface irregularly concentrically wavy sulcate; hinge with a strong triangular pseudocardinal in the right valve, having a decided excavation behind it, and at the posterior side of the pit a faint tootli ; there is one strong triangular tooth in the left valve and a vestige of one in front of it at the upper edge of the shell; anterior scars irregular; dorsal scars crowded close to the hinge line. (Type, Mouocondylfe'a crebristriata Anthony.) t PSEUDODON CREBRISTRIATUS Anthony. * Monocondylcm crebristriata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Couch., I, 1865, p. 205, pi. xvm, fig. 1.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. * Trigonodon crebristriata CONRAD, Am. .11. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. * Maryaron (Monocondylwa) crebristriata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72. * Unio crebristrialus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcv, fig. 517. " Pseudodon crebristriatum HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pi. ix, fig. 3. * Unio rondembuschii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcv, fig. 518. t PSEUDODON CREBRISTRIATUS var. PEGUENSIS Anthony.' * Monocondyla-a peguensis ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 205, pi. xvm, fig. 2. *P,TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. * Mar gar on (Monocondyla>a) peguensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73. * Pseudodon crebristriatum var. peguensis HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Intl., 1876, p. 5, pi. ix, fig. 5. Burma; Pegu; Cambodia! 'Typically quite different from P. crebristriatus, hut our large series seems to show an almost complete connection. 836 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE I'M. VOL. xxn. Section PSEUDODON Gould, 1844. (Type, Auodon SaUr'nnann Gould.) Characters given under generic name. (Group of Ptseudodon harmandi.) Shell rather small, solid, rhomboid, short, inflated; posterior ridge high, only slightly biangulate, faintly corrugated, on the posterior slope. t PSEUDODON HARMANDI Crosse and Fischer. * Pseudodon harmandi CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXIV, 1876, p. 331, pi. x, fig. 2. * Monocondyla'a harmandi P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. Cambodia. PSEUDODON AUREUS Heude. * Pseudodon aiireus HEUDE, Couch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pi. LXXII, fig. 140. * Margaritana aurea P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. China. (Group of Pseudodon vondembuschianns.) Shell rather large, somewhat compressed, subsolid, elliptic-rhomboid, wider behind, where it is widely biangulate; teeth compressed. t PSEUDODON VONDEMBUSCHIANUS Lea. * Margaritana rondembitschiana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 222, pi. xvin, fig. 39; *Obs., Ill, 1842, p. 60, pi. XYIII, fig. 39. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 295, pi. xcvin, fig. 3. * Mar gar on (Monocondyla'a) vondembuschiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 45; 1870, p. 73. * Monocondyhra rondembitscJiiana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1858, p. 501. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. * Pseudodon rondembuschiaiia COXRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. * Monodontina buschiana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, pp. 269, 449. *rio von buscnea SOWERBY, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. LI, fig. 269. * Alasmodonia crispata Moussox, L. and Suss. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 97, pi. xvin, figs. 1. 2. * MargarUana cr'wpata P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. t * Monocondyla'a planulata LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 187; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 262, pi. XLII, fig. 142; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 80, pi. XLII, fig. 142.* ? KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 305, pi. c, fig. 8. * Pseudodon planulata COXRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. * Microcondyla>a planulata P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. * Margaron (Monocondyla'a) planulata LEA, Syii., 1870, p. 73. * Maryaritana fragilis KUSTER, Couch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 295, pi. xcvin, fig. 2. * Microcondyla-a fragili* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. * Monocondyla;a rhombica KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 304, pi. o, fig. 7. Java; Sumatra; Borneo; Malacca. t PSEUDODON ELLIPTICUM Conrad. * Pseudodon elUpticiim CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 352, pi. xxv, fig. 1. Cambodia. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 837 t PSEUDODON ZOLLINGERI Mousson. *Alasmodonta zollingeri Moussov, L. and Suss. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 96, pi. xvm, fig. 1. * Margarilana zollingeri KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 294, pi. xcvm, fig. 1. * Pscudodon soUingeri MOUELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 337. * Moitocondylcea zollingeri P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. Java. t PSEUDODON INOSCULARIS Gould. * Anodon inoscularis GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., I, 1844, p. 160.' * HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pi. ix, fig. 2. *Margaron (Monocondylcea) inoscularis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73. *Margaritana inoscularis P^ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 173. River Sal wen, British Burma. t PSEUDODON CUMINGII Lea. *Anodonta cumingii LEA, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 199; *Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1851, p. 495. *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502. * MUSGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. i, fig. 6. *PJETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 178. *Margaron (Honocondyla>a) cumingii LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 73. * Monocondylwa cumingii LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 235, pi. xxxm, fig. 114 ; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 53, pi. xxxm, fig. 114. *Pseudodon cumingii COXRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. * Anodon cumingii REEVE, Couch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pi. xxxi, fig. 122. * MicrocondylcKa cumingii CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 259, pi. LXXXIII, figs. 3, 4.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. *Pseudodii8 cumingii DE MORGAN, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., X, 1885, p. 422. Malacca; Perak; Siam; Cambodia. t PSEUDODON jENEOLUS Drouet. *Pseudodo)i (xneolm DROUET, Jl. de Couch., XL, 1892, p. 94. *DROUET and CHAFER, Mem. Soc. Zool. de Fr., V, 1892, p. 152, pi. vi, figs. 4-7. Borneo. t PSEUDODON TUMIDUS Morelet. * Monocondylm tumidus MORELET, Jl. deConch., XIV, 1866, p. 62. *MABILLE, Rev. Zool., XXIII, 1872, p. 51, pi. v, figs. 6, 7. * Pseudodon tmnidus MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 337, pi. xvi, fig. 1. Siam; Cambodia. PSEUDODON OVALIS Morlet. * Pseudodon oralis MORLET, Jl. de Couch., XXXVII, 1889, p. 197, pi. vn, fig 3. Srakeo River, Siain. Gould did not figure this, but the figure in the Couchologia Indica accurately represents his species, judging from a cotype in Lea's collection, sent him by Dr. Gould. A number of these Pseudodons are very close, anil it is quite probable that some of them must be united when sufficient material is studied. 838 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIOXJ L M USE UM. VOL. xxn. PSEUDODON THOMSONI Morlet. * Pseitdodon thomsoni MORLET, Jl. de Conch.. XXXII. 1884, p. 401, pi. xin, figs. 2,2(i. "* Margaritana thomsoni P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. Cambodia. t PSEUDODON SALWENIANUS Gould. * Anodon ealireniana GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1844, p. 160. * Anodonta nalwcniana GOULD, Otia Conch., 1862, p. 193. * Pseudodon salwenwna COXRAD, Am. Jl. Couch., I, 1865, p. 233. * Monocondyla'u sahceniana P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. * Unio salwenianus SOWERUY, Conch. Icon., XVI. , 1868, pi. xciv, fig. 513. * Margaron (Monocondyla'a) salweniana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72. * Pseudodon salwenianum HAXLKY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pi. ix, fig. 4. * Unio salwenian us P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. River Salwen, British Burma. t PSEUDODON MORELETI Crosse and Fischer. * Monocondyla'a tumida DESHAYES and JULLIEX, Tsouv. Arch, de Mus., X, 1874, p. 117, pi. v, figs. 1-3. ' *Pseudodon moreleti CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXV, 1876, p. 330. Cambodia. t PSEUDODON CAMBODJENSIS Petit. * Monocondt/lcea cambodjensis PETIT, Jl. de Conch., VI, 1865, p. 122. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. "Margaron (Monocondyla'a) cambodjensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72. * Pseudodon cambodjensis COXRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 233. *>!ORLET, J. de Conch., XXXII, 1866, p. 266. Cambodia; Tonkin. PSEUDODON CHAPERI de Morgan. * Pseudodus chaperi DE MORGAX, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., X, 1885, p. 423, pi. IX, figs. 1, 2. Cambodia; Siam. The following species is unfigured: PSEUDODON NICOBARICUS Morch. Alasmodonta (subg. ?) nicobarica MORCH, Jl. de Conch., XX, 1872, p. 327. J oSTicobar Islands. 1 This fine, large shell which Deshayes and Jnllicn supposed to be /'. tumidus of Morelet is quite a different thing, and Crosse and Fischer have given it a uew name. 3 Morch describes the above under the name Alaxmodonta (subgeuus?) nicobarica, and credits it to Fabricius. The Mytiltis nicobaricms of the latter was only a nomen >i ad H m. Morch says his species is close to Anodonta zollinyeri. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 839 Section BINEURTJS Simpson, 1900. Shell elongate rhomboid, thin, rounded in front, widely and feebly biangulate behind, having two or more raised radiating lines on the posterior slope, which is somewhat obliquely wrinkled; beaks low; sur- face finely, irregularly, concentrically grooved; epidermis olive; teeth smooth, compressed; nacre bluish. Animal unknown. (Type, Monooondglaa moultoti Lea.) tPSEUDODON MOUHOTI Lea. * Monocondylna moulioti LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190. * Pseudodon manlioti CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. * Monocondylaa mouhotiana LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 65, pi. xxi, fig. 62; *Obs.,XI, 1867, p. 69, pi. xxi, fig. 62.* Clessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 261, pi. LXXXII, figs. 1, 2. * P,ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 175. * Maryaron (monocondylaa) moulioiiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73. * Unlo mouhotianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 18(58, pi. xcn, fig. 503. * Pseitdodon mouhotianus MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 339. Cambodia; Siam. PSEUDODON EXILIS Morelet. * Monocondylus exilis MORKLET, Jl. de Conch., XIV, 1866, p. 63. * Psexdodon exilis MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 340, pi. xvn, fig. 1. Perak. PSEUDODON AVA Theobald. * Monocondyloca ava THEOBALD, Jl. A8. Soc. Beng., XLII, Pt. 2, 1873, p. 209, pi. xvii, fig. 15.' Mandelay, Burma. Section NASTJS Simpson, 1900. (Type, Pseudodon nankingensis Heude.) Shell somewhat solid, rather inflated, much elongated, with a well- developed posterior ridge, with a low, faint one above it, bluntly pointed at post-basal part; beaks not high, eroded in the specimens seen; epi- dermis dark; teeth compressed, high. 2 Animal unknown. fPSEUDODON NANKINGENSIS Heude. * Monocondyloca nankingensis HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 116; Conch. Fluv. Nank., I, 1875, pi. iv, fig. 9. * Monocondyla'a itankinyensis P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 174. Eivers of Nankin. 'I am not certain that this belongs in this group. 2 I have seen only a single shell of each of the two species of this group, both very badly eroded and decayed, so that I can not give the characters accurately. The animals may show that they are not closely related to the ordinary Pseudodons. 840 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL xxn. fPSEUDODON SECUNDUS Heude. * Pseudodon secundua HEUOE, Concli. Fluv. Nank., Ill, 1877, pi. x vur, fig. 38. Unio secunchis P.ETEL, Conch. Sain., Ill, 1890, p. 167. River Hone, China. Section OBOVALIS Simpson, 1900. (Type, Psetidodon loomisi Simpson.) Shell obovate subiuflated, with a low, rounded posterior ridge, and with radiating wrinkles on the posterior slope; disk nearly free from wrinkles; epidermis blackish; there is a high, triangular tooth in each valve; laterals very faint, rounded; nacre coppery. Animal unknown. t PSEUDODON LOOMISI Simpson. * Pseudodon loomisi SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 84, pi. iv, fig. 7. Japan. The following are uufigured or indeterminate species. Monocondylcca walpolei HANLEY, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1871. p. 587. Borneo. Spatha compressa VON MARTEI\ T S, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1860, p. 66. Siam. Pseudodon sulcatum ROCIIEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 7th ser., VI, 1882, p. 41. Me- kong River, Cochin China. Pseudodon pierri ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 41. Cochin China. Pseudodon mabillei ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 41. Cochin China, Cambodia. Pseudodon anodontinus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 41. Cauibodia. Genus PARREYSIA Conrad, 1853. (Type, Unio multidentatus Philippi.) Parreysia CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 267. Shell solid, inflated, oval to subrhomboid, with full, high, zigzag, radially sculptured beaks, the sculpture often extending over the disk; epidermis smooth and bright, sometimes a little rayed, with two irreg- ular pseudocardinals in the left valve which are more or less broken into ragged denticles or are strongly, vertically striate, and two later- als, the lower the larger; right valve with one, sometimes two pseudo- cardinals, the upper small, compressed, and a few tubercles behind them, with two laterals, the upper the larger; cavity of the beaks rather deep, not compressed; dorsal scars under the hinge, not visible; the two upper anterior muscle scars very deep, confluent, the lower linear; nacre white to salmon, iridescent behind. Animal unknown. Subgenus PARREYSIA Conrad, 1853, Characters the same as the genus. 1 In the above reference Conrad gives the name Parreysia and refers to Unio multi- dentatus Parreyss, which may be taken as the type. I do not know that he ever described the group. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMPSON. 841 (Group of Parreymn corrugata.} Shell having the middle of the basal region swollen, beak sculpture strong, the central ridges generally united at their lower points to form chevron-shaped markings. tPARREYSIA CORRUGATA Muller. * Mya corrugata MULLER,' Verm. Terr, et Fluv., 1774, Pt. 2, p. 214; * Bescli. Ges. Nat. Ber.,IV, 1779, p. 56, pi. in/;, figs. 7, 8. *GMELIN,- Sys. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 3221.* SCHROTEK, Fluss, Conch., 1779, p. 181, pi. ix, fig. 3.^ WOOD, Gen.Conch., 1, 1815, p. 108, pi. xxiv, figs. 1-3.* DiLLWYX,Cat., 1, 1817, p. 52. MAWE, Linn. Conch., 1823, pi. iv, fig. 3.* WOOD, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 31 a; 1856, rev. ed., p. 16, pi. n, fig. 31. * Unto corrugaia LAMARCK, 3 An. sans Yert., VI, 1819, p. 78. * DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 584, pi. CCXLVIII, fig. 8. *Unio (Polamida) corrugata SWAINSON, Tr. on Mai., 1840, p. 268, fig. 51; p. 281, fig. 57. * Unio corrugata RETZIUS, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 18. * SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., Ill, 1793, p. 68. *HANLEY, Test. Moll.. 1842, p. 197; *Biv. Shells, 1843,p. 197. * CATLOW and RKEVE, Conch. Nora., 1845, p. 57. * H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, pp. 493, 497. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 289, pi. xcvn, figs. 3, 4.* BLANFORD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1867, p. 136. * SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXXI, fig. 360. * HANLEY and THEOBALD. Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pi. XLV, figs. 2-5. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. * Margarita ( Unio) corrugatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21. * Margaron ( Unio) corrugatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. * Mya apuria GMELIX, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 3222; *WooD, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 110. "LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80. Mya gaditana SCHREIBERS, Versuch., 1793, p. * Unio multidentatus PHILIPPIC Conch., Ill, 1847, p. 46, pi. in, fig. 4. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Uuio., 1856, p. 136, pi. xxxvi, fig. 5. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 160. * Margaron ( Unio) multidcntatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. * Unio fulmineus PHILIPPIC Conch., Ill, 1847, p. 46, pi. in, figs. 5, 6. * KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1862, p. 286, pi. xcvi, figs. 2, 3.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 153. * Unio lutens LEA, S Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93. * Unio luteus LEA, Jl. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1857, p. 291., pi. xxiv, fig. 4; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 11, pi. xxiv, fig. 4. 'Miiller's description of Mya corrugata is inadequate, but in the Beschaftigungen it is further discussed and characteristic figures are given of the species we know as Unio corrugatus of India. 2 Refers to Conch. Cab. VI, pi. in, fig. 22, which is probably Miiller's shell. Chemnitz refers to it as Mya corrugata teste oraH, etc. The shell referred to by him in Conch. Cab., X, p. 346, as Mya corrugata magna, etc., is a very different thing. :i Lamarck refers to Enc. Meth. Pt. 19, 1797, pi. CCXLVIII, figs. 6, 8 a, 1). I am not at all sure that fig. 6 is the corrugatus of Muller. ""Credited by Philippi to Parreyss. I think there can be no doubt that this is the Mya corrugata of Miiller, as the figure and description entirely agree with the species as we know it. 5 Parreyss is the author, according to Philippi. This and multidentatus are credited by Philippi to Australia. No shells like these have ever been found there. 6 Lutens in text, by error 110 doubt. 842 rnncEEDiyGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXH. Ifitrgaron ( Unto) litteus LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 46. * ? Unio semirugatus CHEXU, 111. Conch., 1858. pi. xn, figs. 2, 2a. "Unio merodabensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 233, pi. LXXVIII, fig. 4. I'.I.AXKORD, J. A.s. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 142. " P.ETKL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 159. *Unio vyneffwtganuts HAXLEY and THEOBALD,! Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pi. xi.v, fig. 6. * Unio tennenti HAXLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pi. XLV, figs. 7-9. 1' 1:11:1.. (Ouch. Sam. ,111, 1890, p. 169. I ni<> />liai/rexi THEOBALD, manuscript. PARREYSIA CORRUGATA var. L^VIROSTRIS Benson. " Ciiio Id-rirostna BEXSOX, Ann. and Mag., 1862, p. 192; * Jl. As. Soc. Beng., 1862, xxxv, p. 144. "P.-ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 157. * Unio corrugatux var. hvcirostris HAXLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pi. XLIV, figs. 5, 6.* P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 149. f PARREYSIA CORRUGATA var. NAGPOORENSIS Lea. *Unio nagpoorensis LEA, Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 331; * Jl. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 270, pi. XLV, fig. 150; *0bs., VII, 1860, p. 88, pi. XLV, fig. 150. *BLAXFORD, Jl. As. Soc. Beiig., XXXV, 1866, p. 143. *Margaron (Unio) naypoorensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. *Unio corrugatus Miill. var. nat/poorensis HAXLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21. P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 149. India ; Burma.? t PARREYSIA WYNEGUNG^NSIS Lea. * Unio wynegitngcenais LEA,- Pr. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1859, p. 331; *J1. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 271. pi. XLV, fig. 151 ; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 89, pi. XLV, fig. 151. * BLANFORD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 143. *SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. LXVII, p. 339. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 172. * Maryaron (Unio) wi/nef/iinga'nsis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. Wyneguuga River, Bengal. t PARREYSIA FAVIDENS Benson. *? Mya spuria Wood, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pi. n, fig. 35. *Unio favidens Bsxsox, 3 Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 188; *J1. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1867, p. 138. "HAXLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pi. xi, fig. 1. "REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl.xxvi, fig. 131. *P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. *Margaron (Unio) favidens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. * Unio flarhlens P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. *Unio trirostris MUSGRAVK, Hanley Phot. Conch., 1863, pi. n, fig. 9. * HAXLEY and THEOBALD, 4 Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pi. xi, fig. 6. * P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. 1 1 think this is corrngatus and not the ivynegunycemis of Lea. -Heavier, more elongated and pointed behind than corruyata, yet probably only a variety of it. 3 Several varieties, marcens, triyona, delta>, chrysis, viridula, and densa are given by Benson, which hardly seem to me to be worth mentioning. 4 This U. tripartite of Lea, with a darker epidermis and a more pronounced, basal swelling. There is every variation iu the coloring and swelling. NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES SIMI'SOX. 843 t riparians LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; Ml. Ac. X. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 57, pi. xix, fig. 55; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 61, pi. xix, fig. 55. *Maryaron ( Unio) tripartitus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. l * Uniofacidens var. marcens BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 188. * Utiio marcens HANLKY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pi. XLII, figs. 4-6. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 158. * Unio smaragdites BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 190. * BLANKOUD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 147.' HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pi. x, fig. 5.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 167. PARREYSIA FAVIDENS var. PINAX Benson. * Unio pinax BENSON, Ann. and Mag., 1862, p. 192; *J1. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 144. * Unio favideits var. pinax HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pi. x, fig. 2. " P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. PARREYSIA FAVIDENS var. PLAGIOSOMA Benson. *Unio plagiosoma BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 191; *J1. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 144. * Unio favidens var. plagiosoma HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pi. xi, fig. 3.* P^TEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 152. India. t PARREYSIA BHAMOENSIS Theobald. * Unio Mamoensis THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, 1874, Pt. 2, p. 207, pi. xvn, fig. 1. * ? HANLEY and THEOBALD, Couch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pi. CLV, fig. 2. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 146. , * t Unio mandelayensis THEOBALD, Jl. Aa. Soc. Beng., XLII, 1874, p. 208, pi. xvn, tig. 2.* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pi. CLIV. fig. 4. * P.ETEL, Couch. Sam., 111,1890, p. 158. Burma. t PARREYSIA FEDDENI Theobald. *Uniofeddeni THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, 1874, p. 208, pi. xvn, fig. 3. 2 Peuugunga River, Central India. t PARREYSIA TAVOYENSIS Gould. *Unio lavoyensia GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1843, p. 140. *CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. *KUSTEK, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 166, pi. XLVIII, fig. 2. * GOULD, Otia Couch., 1862, p. ISO. * REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI., 1864, pi. xin, fig. 49. 3 -BLANFORD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 148. * HANLEY and THEOBALD, Couch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pi. CLIV, figs. 6, 7. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 169. *Margaron ( Unio) tavoyensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. * Unio savoyensin P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 166. * Unio parma BENSON, Sowerby Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pi. xcv, fig. 514. * HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. lud., 1876, p. 61, pi. CLIV, fig. 1. * P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 162. 'Lea claims that his species has triple laterals in the left valve. Specimens of fandens have the same character, and there is much variation in this particular. 2 A young specimeu in the U. S. National Museum collection from Morelet's collec- tion is a good deal like P. faridenx. 3 Gould did not figure this,' but Reeve's figure agrees well with the types. 844 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xxn. tPARREYSIA TAVOYENSIS var. TRIEMBOLUS Benson. * Unio triembolus BENSON, Jl. As. Soc. Beug., XXXV, 1855, p. 144; *Anu. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 190. *HAXLKY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.-43, pi. cvn, fig. 2. *PJETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 170. * t Unio lioungdaranicus TAPPKI:OM:-('ANEFRI, Aim. Mas. Civ.. VII, 1889, p. 341. Burma; ludia. tPARREYSIA VULCANA Hanley. * Unio vtilcanus HAXLEY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1875, p. 606. * HANLEY and THEO- BALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pi. CLV, fig. 3.* P.KTEL, Conch. Saui., Ill, 1890, p. 172. Burma; Pegu. tPARREYSIA FE^E Tapperone-Canefri. * Unio few TAPPERONE-CANKFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., 2d ser., VII, 1889, p. 340.' Meetan River, Burma. tPARREYSIA RAJAHENSIS Lea. (^* Unio rajahensis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 30 ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 239, pi. xxm, fig. 53; * Oba., Ill, 1842, p. 77, pi. xxm, fig. 53.* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. ^CHENU, 111. Conch.. 1858, pi. xxvi, figs. 3, 3a, 3&. *P.ETEL, Conch. Sam., Ill, 1890, p. 165. (* Hargaron ( Unio) rajalicnsis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. [ * Unio indlcus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XL, fig. 222. 'HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 43, pi. cvn, fig. 1. * Margaron ( Unio) indicns LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. India. (Group of Parreysia rugosa.) Sliell rather solid, elliptical to 8ubtrapezoidal ; beaks full, with zig-zag- radial sculpture and fine corrugations and granules over the surface of the shell. tPARREYSIA RUGOSA Gmelin. *Mya